드라이 용제(dry solvent)를 취급하는 근로자들의 자각증상

김수근,임현술,김두희 東國大學校醫學硏究所 1997 東國醫學 Vol.4 No.-

드라이 용제를 취급하는 근로자들의 건강장애를 알아보기 위하여 드라이 용제 폭로 근로자 51명과 동일 사업장의 사무직 근로자 97명을 대상으로 자각증상 호소율을 조사하고, 건강진단을 통해 간기능검사(혈청 GOT, 혈청 GPT)와 혈액검사(혈색소량, 혈구용적치, 백혈구수)를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 중추신경계 관련증상과 일부 자극증상이 폭로군에서 비교군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 최근 1주일간 작업 중에는 '머리가 무겁게 느껴진다', '눈이 침침하다', '두통이 있다', '어지럽다' 순이었고, 지난 6개월 동안에 경험한 증상은 '몸이 나른하다', '눈이 쉽게 피로해진다', '머리가 무겁게 느껴진다', '현기증이 난 적이 있다(어지럽다)', '눈이 침침하다', '머리가 띵하다' 순이었다. 2. 혈액검사 결과는 1명의 철결핍성 빈혈 외에는 모두 정상이었다. 간기능 검사상 이상소견율은 폭로군에서 높앗으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 연령, 근속기간, 비만도, 흡연 유무, 음주습관 등을 고려한 로지스틱회귀분석에서도 폭로군의 교차비(odds ratio)가 유의하게 높지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 드라이 용제에 폭로된 근로자들에서 만성 중추신경계장애로서 기질적 정서증후군에 해당하는 자가증상의 호소율은 증가하나, 혈액학적 소견의 변화와 간기능장애는 관찰되지 않았다. 앞으로 드라이용제에 폭로되는 근로자들의 건강장애를 파악하기 위해서는 자각증상의 조사가 중요하며, 개인별 폭로량을 계량화하여 건강장애를 심층분석하는 것이 필요하다. This study have following results by means of complaint rate of subjective symptoms, liver function test(SGOT, SGPT) and hematological test(Hb, Hct, WBC) in order to investigate the impact of exposure to dry solvent on the health, the subject of study is 51 dry solvent exposed worker and 97 office worker in the same plant. 1. In the complaint rate of subjective symptom, exposed workers are higherthan office workers on the CNS depression and irritation. During working time, they had following symtom in order ① heavy feeling in the head ② dimmed vision ③ headache ④ dizziness. During ordinary time, they had following symtom in order ① general weakness ② strained eye ③ heavy feeling in the head ④ dizziness ⑤ dimmed vision ⑥ light headedness 2. In hematological findings, they had almost within normal limit except one case of iron deficiency anemia. In abnormal rate of liver dysfunction, exposed workers are higher than office workers. But it is'nt significant staistically. Also, in logistic regression analysis which is controlled about age, working career, BMI, smoking habit and weekly alcohol intake, odds ratio of exposed workers aren't higher significant staistically than office workers. As these result, it is recognized that organic affective sydrome in solvent induced-CNS disorders result in when workers exposed dry solvent. But there is no evidence of abnormal hematologic findings and liver dysfunction due to dry solvent exposure. Therefore, the survey onsubjective symptom questionnaire is necessary to recognize health impact of dry solvent, and it is necessary to investigate on health impact according to exposure level of dry solvent.

運轉技士의 藥物服用 實態

金斗熙,金相洌 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1984 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.-

In order to obtain the actual condition of taxi drivers' taking drugs, this is carried out a survey with an appropriate questionnaire to 263 of taxi drivers who randomly selected from seven taxi transportation companies in Taegu city. It was filled out by themselves from 16th to 24th of October, 1983. The taxi drivers took some kinds of drugs in 70.8%. Common used drug was tonic drinks (95.5%) and hepatics (73.2%), digestives (72.1%), nutrients (64.8%), antacids (61.5%), analgesics (61.5%), antinarcoleptics (31.8%) and tranquilizers (27.4%) were followed. They took drugs because of fatigue (57.5%), gastric disorder (21.2%), improving activity (6.7%), drowsiness (5.6%), headache (5.0%), others (2.2%) and nerve distress (1.7%) in other. It was reliable fact to be taken drugs as working average time in a day was 17.8 hours, even if every other day in the shifting. About 40% of them began to take drugs from last one to three years. And within one year, 31%, four to six years, 17% and more than seven years, 12% in order. And drinkers and smokers more like to take drugs than other groups, but no significant, statistically. We must pay special attention that analgesics, antinarcoleptics, tranquilizers and so on are taken a lot. It was demanded keenly to provide right knowledge of drugs, to enlighten that using to excess druginjuries their health.

一部 小規模 産業場勤勞者의 一次診療 實態

金容球,金斗熙 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1981 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.-

The present study was conducted to investigate the status of primary health care in small industrial companies with 500 or less employees. I chose 2 dispensaries that were operated by a registered nurse. I studied 2,119 patients (male: 996, famale: 1,123) who visited dispensaries during one calendar year, from December-1979 to November-1980 and the results obtained are as follows. The average frequency of visits to the dispensaries per year was 3.6 times, whith the average visits of males as 4.0 and females as 3.1. Of the total number, 27.3% were injuries and poisonings (XVII of international classification of disease), 19.5% were symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions (XVI), 17.5% were diseases of the digestive system (Ⅸ), 17.1% were diseases of the respiratory system (Ⅷ). Of the patients who were injured and poisoned, 24.6% were abrasions, 19.9% were open wounds, and 18.5% were contusions. Of 408 cases of the symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions, 76.2% were headaches. Of the diseases of the digestive system (Ⅸ), about 65% were indigestion and 15% were diseases in the oral cavity. Of the diseases of the respiratory system (Ⅷ), about 86% were common colds. It was possible to treat about 92% of all the cases within 7 days. Monthly distribution of frequency of visits to dispensary showed relatively unique from 8 to 12%. Of the day of a week, monday had the highest number of patients(22%) and sunday, the lowest. More than half of the patients (51.9%) were between the ages of 20 and 24. But the frequency distribution by age group was higher in 20-34 years old group with average three to five times of visits in a year. As educational level is higher, visiting time to dispensary is more frequent. The highest number of injury occurred between second and third hour following each resting period.

都市 및 農村 學父母들의 性敎育에 對한 態度

金斗熙,梁在昊 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1983 慶北醫大誌 Vol.24 No.2

본 조사는 성교육에 대한 학생, 학부모 및 교사들의 태도를 파악하여 보다 현실적이고 효과적인 성교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 1983년 4월 1일부터 말일까지 1개월 간에 걸쳐서 대구 시내 남녀 중학교 각1개와 농촌 지역의 1개 중학교의 학생 600명과 그들의 부모 300명(도시 200명, 농촌 100명), 교사 100명등 총 1,000명을 대상으로 하였다. 학생들의 초경 및 초몽정 시기는 남녀 함께 11세에서 16세에 걸쳐서 나타났으며 여학생의 초경 평균연령은 13.5세, 남학생의 초몽정 평균 연령은 14.3세로 나타났다. 학생들의 성에 대한 관심은 12세부터 14세 사이에서 고조되고 도시에서는 12세, 농촌에서는 13세부터 가속현상을 보였다. 성교육의 필요성을 45.6%가 느끼고 있으며, 학년이 높을 수록 그 필요성이 높게 나타났다. 학생들의 이성 교제를 도시 부모와 교사들은 각각 39.8%, 85.3%에서 "건전한 교제라면 권장하고 싶다"고 했고 농촌 부모들은 "너무 어려서 허용할수가 없다"는 경우가 43.7%로 수위를 나타냈다. 학부모중 성교육을 실시하지 않는 경우는 70.6%였으며 65.5%가 성교육이 "필요하다", 22.8%가 "필요없다"고 했다. 학교에서의 성교육의 시작 시기에 대해 도시 부모의 경우 고등학교 1학년부터 농촌 부모의 경우 고등학교 3학년부터, 교사의 경우 중학교 1학년부터 실시하기를 원하고 있어 의견의 차이가 크나 학부모 및 교사 모두가 정규 수업 시간에 성교육을 실시하는 것이 좋겠다는 반응이 48.8%로 높았다. 가족 계획에 관한 교육도 76.1%의 학부모와 교사가 "필요하다"고 느끼고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성교육의 내용 및 범위에 대한 학생, 학부모 및 교사의 반응은 "남녀 교제의 방법과 예의"에서 70.3%로 가장 높았다. 위의 조사에서 학생, 부모 및 교사 모두가 성교육의 필요성을 느끼고 있으며 성교육이 정규과정으로서 정규 수업시간에 실행되기를 바라는 경우가 많음을 알 수 있었고 또한 도시와 농촌 부모들의 견해의 차를 줄이기 위한 여러가지 홍보활동이 요청되는 바이다. A study on the attitudes toward sex education in the urban and rural areas was conducted with 1,000 people composed of 600 students (300 urban, 300 rural) both male and female in middle schools, 300 of their parents (200 urban, 100 rural), and 100 teachers from their schools. The inquiries were conducted during the month of April, 1983. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The age of puberty in these students ranged from 11 to 16. The average age of menarche was 13.4 years in urban schools and 13.7 in rural schools. Most of the students (over 60%) in both urban and rural schools began to be interested in sex between the ages of 12 and 14. The interest in sex accelerated at the age of the age of 12 in urban schools and 13 in rural schools. In regards to the necessity of sex education in school, 45.6% of the students choose the affirmative response and 80.1% of these students were in the 2nd and 3rd grade. 44.6% of the respondents thought sex education in school was insufficient, 54.2% of whom were 3rd grade students and 17.2% were 1st grade students. urban parents and teachers recommended the association between boys and girls if it is morally sound; while rural parents thought they were too young. 37.5% of the urban parents and 21.8% of the rural parents were questioned about sex by their children. In response to their children's questions 67.2% of the urban parents explained kindly as much as they were able and 57.1% of the rural parents were reluctant to answer. Most of the parents(76.2%) did not teach sex education to their children and 66.7% of the teachers did it sometimes. The major reasons for not teaching sex education were "public morals" among urban parents and "traditional concepts" among rural parents. Specifically one of the rural parents' reasons was "ignorance". This showed a significant difference of opinion between urban and rural parents. In regards to the necessity of sec education 65.5% of the respondents gave the affirmative answer and 22.8% the negative answer. The major reason for approving the necessity of sex education in all respondents to allow children to have a sound marrage in the future. The major reasons for not approving it were social evil in urban parents and careless behavior in rural parents. As to the time to begin sex education, urban parents favored the 1st grade in high school, rural parents the 3rd grade in high school and teachers the 1st grade in middle school. Both parents and teachers felt that sex education should be carried out during a regular class as a regular course. Urban parents favored counselors as a proper sex educator. Rural parents and teachers favored home economics teachers. Most of the parents and teachers gave the affirmative answer on the teaching of family planning at school. As to the contents and scope of sex education at school, 70.3% of all respondents favored ways and manners of the association between boys and girls.

琴湖江 流域의 水質 土壤 및 무우의 重金屬含量

金斗熙,宋亨達 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1984 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the content of heavy metals in water, in basin soils and radish around of the Geumho river. In order to obtain the correlations among the polluted river water, the basin soil and the agricultural products in each others, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were primarily measured from August 4 to November 27, 1983. The content of heavy metals in tributary streams has been found more (Zn, 41∼942ppb ; Cu, 32∼421 ; Cd, 10∼43 ; Pb, 2∼24) than main stream (Zn, 21∼248ppb ; Cu, 14∼104 ; Cd, 5∼16 : Pb, 2∼9). In soils of river basin, we estimate that the contents of heavy metals have much difference according to areas, especially the downstreams of Sin-stream, Dalseo-stream and Kongdan-stream were very high (Zn, 246.31ppm, 321.32 ; Cu, 71.84, 89.34 ; Cd, 3.23, 5.07 ; Pb, 80.99, 96.47) due to the industrial sewage. Between the radishes and the soils, Zn(r=0.5787) and Cu(r=0.6007) was correlated, but that of Cd and Pb was not. Between the soils and water, all of the heavy metals (Zn, r=0.8714 ; Cu, r=0.9588 ; Cd, r=0.9812 ; Pb, r=0.8893) were highly correlated.

接客業 從事者에서의 VDRL 陽性率

金斗熙,金弘鎭 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1981 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.1

This survey was carried out to study distribution and periodic alteration of syphilis in Daegu city area from January 1, 1975 to May 31, 1981. VDRL slide method was accepted for, and the 2,939 service traders were randomly choosen as subjects among the visitors for certification of their health. The positive rate was average 3.8 percent, and this tendency is somewhat different from that of 1960s. Some articles in 1960s shows us a feeling that it was gradually increased in tendency, year by year (see table 15). But in 1970s and in this study, stepping trend (see table 14. and 15). And on the other aspects, we must point out the tendency of prevailing of syphilis to the women excluding of prostitutes: the workers in eating houses, tea room and beuty-shop etc, in this study. The positive rate was higher on March and October through years in average (see table 7), and also among the lower educational group, the highest is the group of informally educated, and the lowest is high school group but the college group was exceptionally high(see table 8). And the rate is as high as twice among those who had experience of blood transfusion compaired to those who had not (see table 10). But seven of 113 positives had a few oppotunities of blood transfusion within last some years(see table 11), and they were no respons for sexual intercourse with any prostitutes, at intervew.

勤續期間에 따른 騷音性難聽度의 推移

金明漢,金斗熙 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1981 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.-

The present study was performed to measure the noise-induced hearing loss among workers exposed to industrial noisy environment in Taegu City and adjacent area for a year in 1978. The study subjects were 263 workers except those who had abnormal findings of ears among 511 workers with of C_5-dip through auditory screening test. The results of the pure tone audiometric findings are as follows: The distribution of hearing loss by the degree of C_5-dip was 12.2% in the mild, 45.4% in the moderate and 17.7% in the severe. The degree of C_5-dip was most severe among both male and female workers with 5―15 year duration of exposure to 91―95 dB noise, and the degree was diminished after the 15 year duration of exposure. The degree of C_5-dip was constant among both male and female workers within 1―10 year duration of exposure to 96―100 dB noise, but the degree was most severe among male workers of the 10―15 year duration of exposure, and the degree was diminished after then. On the other hand, the degree was diminished among female workers after the 5―10 year duration of exposure to same level of noise.

肺癌에 있어서 職業과의 關聯性 硏究

김두희,박완섭,손지연,이종영,홍성철 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

폐암에 대한 직업의 관련성을 밝히기 위하여 1993년 11월에서 1994년 8월까지 대구 시내 2개 종합병원에 입원하여 병리 조직학적으로 진단된 168명의 폐암 환자와 같은 병동에 있는 내과 환자를 연령군과 성별로 빈도 짝짓기하여 168명의 대조군으로 선정하였다. 직업력과 유해 물질의 폭로력, 거주 환경, 흡연에 관한 정보는 설문지를 통하여 얻었다. 흡연 상태를 보정하고 연령군과 성별에 대한 짝지은 자료에 대하여 직업과 산업 분류에 대한 폐암 발생의 상대 위험은 농업 종사자에서 유의하게 높았고(OR=1.84 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.16-2.94) 생산직, 가내 수공업, 운수창고통신업, 숙박음식업, 건설업에서도 높게 나타났으나 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 가사(OR=0.31 ; 95% 신뢰구간 0.11-0.89), 관리직(OR=0.22 ; 95% 신뢰구간 0.08-0.61), 공공 행정업(OR=0.23, 95% 신뢰구간 0.08-0.66), 공공 사회및 개인 서비스직(OR=13 ; 95% 신뢰구간 0.03-0.56)에서는 폐암 발생의 상대 위험이 유의하게 낮았으며, 전문직, 도소매업에서도 낮게 나타났으나 유의하지 않았다. 거주 환경에 따른 폐암 발생의 상대 위험은 연탄난로 사용자(OR=3.00 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.06-8.52)와 농약 사용시(OR=2.14 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.36-3.37)에 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았고, 공장지대 거주자에서도 높게 나타났다(OR=1.97 ; 95% 신뢰구간 0.92-4.27) 그러나, 중앙집중식난방사용자(OR=0.5 ; 95% 신뢰구간 0.28-0.89)에서는 낮게 나타났으며 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 유해 물질 폭로에 따른 폐암 발생의 상대 위험은 농약(OR=2.07 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.31-3.26)과 용접 및 흄(OR=10.56 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.07-103.90)에 폭로시 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 흡연에 의한 폐암 발생의 상대 위험은 비흡연자에 비하여 흡연자(OR=3.98 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.88-8.45)와, 과거흡연자(OR=4.50 ; 95% 신뢰구간 1.99-10.16)에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 비록 흡연이 폐암의 중요한 원인이지만 흡연의 영향을 보정한 후에도 대기오염 및 직업과 폐암과 관련성이 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 앞으로 이러한 직업에서 어떠한 위험 요인이 있는지에 대한 추구가 필요하여 그에 대한 예방 대책을 밝히는 연구가 필요하다. The relationship between occupation and risk of lung cancer was analyzed in hospitalbased case-control study conducted in Taegu on 168 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer and age group(30-39, 40-49,etc) and sex frequency-matched 168 controls admitted into hospitals for other internal medicine problems. A self adminstered questionnaire was used to obtain occupation, resident environment, smoking histories and specific agent exposure history. The conditional logistic regression was used to estimate oddsratio for age group and sex frequency matched, after controlling for smoking status(non smoker, exsmoker, current smoker) Significant association was observed for farmer[odds ratio(OR), 1.84 ; 95% confidence interval(CI), 1.16-2.94], briquette stove users[OR, 3.0 ; 95% CI, 1.06-8.25], agricultural chemicals users[OR, 2.14 ; 95% CI, 1.35-3.37], and welding/fume exposures[OR, 10.56 ; 95% CI, 1.07-103.90]. Although there were elevated risks associated with production, home industry, transportation/storage/communication, lodgement/food worker and construction, none were statistically significant. The effect of smoking was showed significantly increased risk for exsmoker [OR, 4.50 ; 95% CI, 1.99-10.16] and current smoker [OR, 3.98 ; 95% CI, 1.88-8.45]. As results, although smoking is important risk of lung cancer, occupation and resident environment are showing association of lung cancer. So further evaluation is necessary for occupation risk and take preventive measures.

분뇨 처리용 선박 저장탱크에서 발생한 황화수소로 인한 사고 증례

김덕수,임현술,김두희 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

본 증례는 폐기물 저장탱크에 장기간 보관된 분뇨를 청소하던 4명의 선원이 급성 중독으로 2명은 사망하고 2명은 생존하였다. 다음날 실시한 작업환경 측정결과 황화수소 농도가 150 ppm 이상 측정되어 황화수소 중독에 의한 사고로 판명되었다. 사망자의 사망원인은 황화수소 중독으로 의식을 잃고 쓰러지면서 저장탱크에 고인 물속에 잠겨 기도 확보가 되지 않아 생긴 익사로 추정된다. 생존자는 100% 산소와 지지치료 만으로 회복되었다. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the most poisonous gases, is usually encountered in various occupations as a byproduct. Four crew were collapsed in a waste storage tank while they were cleaning it. Immediately they were rescued, but two crew died and two crew survived. Gas analysis in the waste storage tank showed high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (above 150 ppm) after one day. The causes of death were asphyxiation because their face fell into mixed water with collapsed state, not due to H2S intoxication. The victims completely recovered with supportive care, including 100% normobaric oxygen.

방사선사들의 특성별 혈액상

김두희,김경근 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1987 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.26 No.4

This survey was carried out from the 72 male radiotechnologist who are working in several hospitals and local clinics in Taegu city during three months from the first of June to the end of september, 1986. The blood pictures were counted by the Coulter Counter Model S-plus. The mean value of WBC was 6,397±1,489/㎣, is this significantly lower than in rural group (p<0.01). 13 of the 72 subjects (18.1%) were below 5000/㎣ WBC. WBC count of the radiotechnologists is special photograpyhing room was signitificantly lower than that of those who were in computed tomography room and radio-isotope room (p<0.05). The mean value of RBC was 4.71±0.39×?/㎣, it was significantly lower than in rural control group (p<0.05). 29.2 percent of the subjects were below 4.50×?/㎟ The mean value of hemoglobin was 14.8±13.9gm/㎗. 16 of the 72 subjects(22.2%) were below 14㎎/이. The mean value of hematocrit was 42.9±3.96%, it was significantly lower than in rural group (p<0.01). 15 of the 72 subjects(20>8%) were below 40%. The mean value of platelet was 222.1±56.61×10³/㎣, it was significantly lower than in urban group (P<0.02). 30 of the 72 subjects (41.7%) were below 200.0×10³/㎣.