Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

Akhtar, Khalid P.,Khan, Azeem I.,Hussain, M.,Khan, M.S.I. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (5-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-ll/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-l1/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.l% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.

Transient Multipath routing protocol for low power and lossy networks

( M Ali Lodhi ),( Abdul Rehman ),( Meer M Khan ),( Muhammad Asfand-e-yar ),( Faisal Bashir Hussain ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.4

RPL routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recommended IPv6 based protocol for routing over Low power Lossy Networks (LLNs). RPL is proposed for networks with characteristics like small packet size, low bandwidth, low data rate, lossy wireless links and low power. RPL is a proactive routing protocol that creates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the network topology. RPL is increasingly used for Internet of Things (IoT) which comprises of heterogeneous networks and applications. RPL proposes a single path routing strategy. The forwarding technique of RPL does not support multiple paths between source and destination. Multipath routing is an important strategy used in both sensor and ad-hoc network for performance enhancement. Multipath routing is also used to achieve multi-fold objectives including higher reliability, increase in throughput, fault tolerance, congestion mitigation and hole avoidance. In this paper, M-RPL (Multi-path extension of RPL) is proposed, which aims to provide temporary multiple paths during congestion over a single routing path. Congestion is primarily detected using buffer size and packet delivery ratio at forwarding nodes. Congestion is mitigated by creating partially disjoint multiple paths and by avoiding forwarding of packets through the congested node. Detailed simulation analysis of M-RPL against RPL in both grid and random topologies shows that M-RPL successfully mitigates congestion and it enhances overall network throughput.

Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV)Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

KhalidP.Akhtar,AzeemI.Khan,M.Hussain 한국식물병리학회 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (S-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-11/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-11/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.1% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.

Development and performance characteristics of silane crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan membranes for reverse osmosis

M. Shafiq,A. Sabir,A. Islam,S.M. Khan,S.N. Hussain,M.T.Z. Z. Butt,T. Jamil 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.48 No.-

Novel thinfilm poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) based reverse osmosis membranes infused withsilane crosslinked tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were prepared by dissolution casting methodology. Theperformance characteristics and the scope of the reverse osmosis membranes were explicated by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanningcalorimetery (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD) andreverse osmosis (RO) permeation tests which determined the functional groups and network of covalentcrosslinks, thermal properties, morphology, hydrophilicity, structural investigation and RO properties,respectively. It was found that the membrane surface became smoother, more hydrophilic, withimproved thermal stability, increased salt rejection and good permeationflux after the appropriateinfusion of TEOS. The crosslinked membranes showed more hydrophilicity compared to theuncrosslinked PVCS membrane. The SEM micrographs of membranes revealed dense structure withno mottled surfaces. PVCS-4 showed an optimalflux of 1.84 L/m2h and 80% salt rejection that confirmedthe selective interaction of TEOS molecules with PVA/CS polymer backbone compared to the pristine(PVCS) membrane. The antibacterial properties of the membranes showed the inhibition of the growth ofEscherichia coli successfully.

CFD simulation of fluidized bed reactors for polyolefin production – A review

M.J.H. Khan,M.A. Hussain,Z. Mansourpour,N. Mostoufi,N.M. Ghasem,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6

This literature survey focuses on the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in variousaspects of the fluidized bed reactor. Although fluidized bed reactors are used in various industrialapplications, this first-of-its-kind review highlights the use of CFD on polyolefin production. It is shownthat CFD has been utilized for the following mechanisms of polymerization: governing of bubbleformation, electrostatic charge effect, gas–solid flow behavior, particle distribution, solid–gas circulationpattern, bed expansion consequence, mixing and segregation, agglomeration and shear forces. Heat andmass transfer in the reactor modeling using CFD principles has also been taken under consideration. Anumber of softwares are available to interpret the data of the CFD simulation but only few softwarespossess the analytical capability to interpret the complex flowbehavior of fluidization. In this review, thepopular softwares with their framework and application have been discussed. The advantages andfeasibility of applying CFD to olefin polymerization in fluidized beds were deliberated and the prospectof future CFD applications was also discussed.

EFFECT OF VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM ON IMMUNITY IN NEWBORN JERSEY AND BUFFALO CALVES

Afzal, M.,Hussain, M.,Khan, K.N.M.,Munir, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.1

Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on immunity was studied in newborn Jersey and buffalo calves. The supplement contained 500 mg vitamin E and $200\;{\mu}g$ selenium; and was fed daily from birth to day 30. Differences in weight gain, total leucocytic count, differential leucocytic count, antibody titre and susceptibility to disease were found to be nonsignificant between supplemented and control calves during the study period of 3 months. Vitamin E seemed to enhance the recovery from disease in buffalo calves. Buffalo calves were found to be more sensitive to selenium toxicity than Jersey calves.

A CLASS OF MULTIVALENT FUNCTIONS WITH NEGATIVE COEFFICIENTS DEFINED BY CONVOLUTION

Ali Rosihan M.,Khan M. Hussain,Ravichandran V.,Subramanian K.G. Korean Mathematical Society 2006 대한수학회보 Vol.43 No.1

For a given p-valent analytic function g with positive coefficients in the open unit disk $\Delta$, we study a class of functions $f(z) = z^p - \sum\limits{_{n=m}}{^\infty} a_nz^n(a_n{\geq}0)$ satisfying $$\frac 1 {p}{\Re}\;(\frac {z(f*g)'(z)} {(f*g)(z)})\;>\;\alpha\;(0{\leq}\;\alpha\;<\;1;z{\in}{\Delta})$$ Coefficient inequalities, distortion and covering theorems, as well as closure theorems are determined. The results obtained extend several known results as special cases.

Elemental allelopathy and antifungal activities of Inula falconeri from Himalaya Pakistan

Khan, A. L.,Hussain, J.,Hamayun, M.,Gilani, S. A.,Kim, Y. H.,Rehman, S. u.,Watanabe, K.,Lee, I. J. Taylor Francis 2010 Acta agriculturæ Scandinavica. Section B, So Vol.60 No.6

Enhancement of the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes with AreN2 plasma treatment

M. Abrar,G.U. Farwa,S. Naseer,A. Saeed,A.W. Khan,Z. Iqbal,S. T. Hussain,M. Zakaullah 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.3

Optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe are used to investigate the low pressure inductively coupled AreN2 plasmas as function of rf power, filling pressure and Ar content in N2 discharge. It is observed that the active species generation, dissociation fraction and electron temperature significantly depends on discharge parameters and may be used to optimize the plasma reactor. Mixture of SWCNTs and MWCNTs are treated for different treatment time (0e120 min) at optimum discharge conditions. Changes induced in the elemental composition, surface morphology, crystallographic structure, and structural disorder in the plasma irradiated CNTs are analyzed by EDX, FTIR, SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. AreN2 mixture plasma treatment of CNTs lead to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, modify the microstructure and induce structural disorder and cause a transition of crystalline phase from well crystalline to an amorphous structure.

Realization of VANET-Based Cloud Services through Named Data Networking

Hussain, Rasheed,Bouk, Safdar H.,Javaid, Nadeem,Khan, Adil M.,Lee, Jooyoung Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.8

<P>Connected car technology (also referred to as VANET) has gradually paved its way to legislation in several countries and soon will be followed by mass-scale deployment. However, the race between the advancements in technologies and utilization of the available resources have left a question mark on the future of pure VANET. Therefore, the research community together with academia and industry have foreseen the evolution of VANET into VANET-based clouds. The data- or content-centric communication paradigm is the point of convergence in these technologies because the content is shared among different nodes in different forms such as infotainment or safety. However, the current IP-based networking is not an ideal choice for content-centric applications because of its larger overhead for establishing, maintaining, and securing the path, addressing complexity, non-scalability for content, routing and mobility management overhead, and so on. Therefore, the limitations and shortcomings of current IP-based networking and the need for efficient content delivery advocate for a paradigm shift. To this end, a new content-centric networking paradigm, namely NDN, has been employed to address the aforementioned issues related to content-centric networking while using IP-based networking. In this article, we foresee the integration of VANET-based clouds with NDN called NDN-VC for reliable, efficient, robust, and safe intelligent transportation systems. We particularly aim at the architecture and concise naming mechanism for NDN-VC. Furthermore, we also outline the unique future challenges faced by the NDN-VC.</P>