Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water

S.N. Hussain,A.P. Trzcinski,H.M.A. Asghar,H. Sattar,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-

The disinfection performance of the process of adsorption using a graphitic material combined withelectrochemical regeneration for a range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and protozoain a laboratory scale sequential batch reactor is demonstrated. The bacterial species studied werePseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella pneumophila. A 3.0 log10 reduction in theconcentration of P. aeruginosa cells was achieved with the adsorbent that was regenerated at 30 mA cm 2with 100% regeneration on each adsorption cycle. The process was quite effective in removing S. aureuspresent in water with a significantly higher reduction in the number of cells (ca. 9-log10 reduction) atrelatively low current density (10 mA cm 2). Similarly, L. pneumophila were removed from water with aca. 7.5-log10 reduction in the number of bacterial cells. The SEM images confirmed the adsorption of L. pneumophila onto the adsorbent and its electrochemical regeneration at 20 mA cm 2 that is considered arefractory pathogen against chlorination. The process was also found to be suitable for disinfecting fungalspores, Aspergillus awamori and yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium turoloidesHowever, the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum from water was not demonstrated successfully. Thepreliminary results suggest that using a chloride free environment and a relatively high current densitycould be useful in disinfecting C. parvum.

Synthesis of electrically conducting composite adsorbents for wastewater treatment using adsorption & electrochemical regeneration

H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.3

Electrically conducting adsorbent materials called NyexTM 1000 & 2000 have already been reported withcomparatively low adsorption capacity for various organic, biologically non-degradable and toxiccompounds. Two composite adsorbents called CA1 & CA2 were synthesized using synthetic graphite-carbon black and expanded graphite-carbon black respectively. The aim of developing the newadsorbents was to increase the adsorption capacity along with good electrical properties. The developedadsorbents were characterized using N2 adsorption for specific surface area, Boehm surface titration forsurface chemistry, bed electrical conductivity, laser size analyzer for average particle size, and scanningelectron microscope (SEM) for particle morphology and shape. Then both the composite adsorbents weretested for the adsorption of acid violet 17 followed by an electrochemical regeneration. The adsorptionstudy revealed that both the adsorbents had almost similar kinetic behavior with a significant increase inadsorption capacity for acid violet 17 (300 & 26 mg g-1 respectively) when compared with theadsorption capacity of previously developed electrically conducting materials called NyexTM 1000 &2000 (3.5 and 9 mg g-1 respectively). The composite adsorbent CA2 was successfully electrochemicallyregenerated by passing an electric charge of 138 C g-1 at a current density of 14 mA cm-2 for a treatmenttime of 60 min, whereas, the composite adsorbent CA1 could not be regenerated successfully. Theregeneration efficiencies of CA2 were obtained at around 120% during five adsorption–regenerationcycles. The amount of actual charge passed of 138 C g-1 for achieving 100% regeneration efficiency wasfound to be similar with stoichiometrically calculated amount of charge. The amount of electrical energyrequired to oxidize each mg of adsorbed acid violet onto CA2 (24 J mg-1) was found to be significantlylower to that of NyexTM 1000 & 2000 adsorbents (52 J mg-1 & 32 J mg-1 respectively).

Comparative adsorption–regeneration performance for newly developed carbonaceous adsorbent

H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.69 No.-

A proprietary adsorbent material called Nyex 1000 was developed by the Arvia Technology Ltd. (UK based waste water treatment company). Nyex 1000 was being employed for a number of commercial applications dealing with the removal of organic contaminants from industrial effluents. This adsorbent material had small adsorptive capacity. With the aim to address small adsorptive capacity, a new graphite based adsorbent material was developed. The particle design was accomplished through successive chemical, thermal and mechanical treatments of raw graphite material (natural large flake graphite, to be called here as NLFG). The chemical treatment of the NLFG was carried out through electrochemical intercalation using dilute (50%) sulfuric acid in an electrochemical cell. Chemically treated NLFG then went through thermal treatment at 850 °C and followed by mechanical treatments consisting of compression (4536 kgf cm−2) and chopping at 18,000 rpm for 30 s. The developed adsorbent material, (exfoliated compacted graphite, to be called here as ECG) and NLFG were characterized using state of the art techniques including SEM, BET surface area, XRD, Zeta potential, Boehm surface titration, bed electrical conductivity and laser size analysis. The characterization results showed significant increase in internal specific surface area from 1 to 17 m2 g−1. It was attributed to the development of partially porous particle surface verified by SEM results. The XRD, Boehm surface titration, Zeta potential results endorsed the associated chemical and physical changes appeared in the composition of the NLFG as a result of chemical, thermal and mechanical treatments. Adsorption-regeneration studies were conducted using developed ECG and existing Nyex 1000 materials. The pollutants used for adsorption–regeneration studies were acid violet 17, phenol, humic acid, ethane thiol and methyl propane thiol dissolved in aqueous solution. The results were compared and it was found that ECG showed significantly improved adsorption capacity with many folds. Both adsorbent materials, ECG and Nyex 1000 delivered 100% electrochemical regeneration efficiencies.

Inactivation of bacterial pathogens on lettuce, sprouts, and spinach using hurdle technology

Ngnitcho, P.F.K.,Khan, I.,Tango, C.N.,Hussain, M.S.,Oh, D.H. Elsevier Science 2017 Innovative food science & emerging technologies Vol.43 No.-

<P>Effects of chemical treatment using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW), fumaric acid (FA), or calcium oxide (CaO) and physical treatment using ultrasonication (US), micro-bubbles (MB), or ultraviolet (UV) to inactivate bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia call 0157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. on lettuce, spinach, and sprouts were determined. Fresh produce inoculated with bacterial pathogens (similar to 9 log CFU/mL) was immersed in distilled water (DW), SAEW, FA (0.5%), or CaO (0.2%) alone or in combination at 23 +/- 2 degrees C for 3 min followed by treatment with US, MB for 3 min, or UV for 10 min. Effects of combined treatment on shelf-life of lettuce at 4 degrees C and 23 +/- 2 degrees C were also determined in this study. Results revealed that the use of a combination of CaO + SAEW + FA + US exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.05) for bacterial pathogen on fresh produce compared to individual treatment or other combinations. CaO + SAEW + FA + US treatment exhibited highest reduction of E. coli 0157:H7, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. by 4.7, 4.9, 4.84 and 5.08 log CFU/g, respectively on lettuce as compared to spinach and sprouts. Microbial count reducing capability for combined treatment methods were ranked in the following order: SAEW + FA < CaO + SAEW + FA < CaO + SAEW + FA + US. However, introduction of US to CaO + SAEW + FA treatment resulted in little detrimental effect on the overall quality of lettuce. Moreover, CaO + SAEW + FA treatment effectively enhanced the shelf-life of lettuce stored at 4 degrees C and 23 +/- 2 degrees C by about 6 days and 3 days, respectively as compared to control (DW treatment), with longer lag time (23.11 h on lettuce) for naturally occurring bacteria on fresh produce. These findings suggest that significant synergistic benefit could be obtained from combined sanitizer treatment to eliminate bacterial pathogens from fresh produce.</P>

Effect of Manganese Promotion on Al-Pillared Montmorillonite Supported Cobalt Nanoparticles for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

N. Ahmad,S. T. Hussain,B. Muhammad,N. Ali,S. M. Abbas,Y. Khan 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.10

The effect of Mn-promotion on high surface area Al-pillared montmorillonite (AlMMT) supported Co nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method have been investigated. A series of different weight% Mnpromoted Co nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by XRD, TPR, TGA, BET and SEM techniques. An increase in the surface area of MMT is observed with Al-pillaring. Fischer-Tropsch catalytic activity of the as prepared catalysts was studied in a fixed bed micro reactor at 225 oC, H2/CO = 2 and at 1 atm pressure. The data showed that by the addition of Mn the selectivity of C1 dropped drastically while that of C2-C12 hydrocarbons increased significantly over all the Mn-promoted Co/AlMMT catalysts. The C13-C20 hydrocarbons remained almost same for all the catalysts while the selectivity of C21+ long chain hydrocarbons decreased considerably with the addition of Mn. The catalyst with 3.5%Mn showed lowest C21+ and highest C2-C12 hydrocarbons selectivity due to cracking of long chain hydrocarbons over acidic sites of MMT.

Light scattering effect of ITO:Zr/AZO films deposited on periodic textured glass surface morphologies for silicon thin film solar cells

Hussain, S. Q.,Kwon, G. D.,Ahn, S.,Kim, S.,Balaji, N.,Le, A. H.,Park, H.,Shin, C.,Razaq, A.,Kim, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 APPLIED PHYSICS A MATERIALS SCIENCE AND PROCESSING Vol.120 No.3

<P>Various SF6/Ar plasma-textured periodic glass surface morphologies for high transmittance, haze ratio and low sheet resistance of ITO:Zr films are reported. The SF6/Ar plasma-textured glass surface morphologies were changed from low aspect ratio to high aspect ratio with the increase in RF power from 500 to 600 W. The micro- and nano-size features of textured glass surface morphologies enhanced the haze ratio in visible as well as NIR wavelength region. Micro-size textured features also influenced the sheet resistance and electrical characteristics of ITO:Zr films due to step coverage. The ITO:Zr/AZO bilayer was used as front TCO electrode for p-i-n amorphous silicon thin film solar cells with current density-voltage characteristics as: V (oc) = 875 mV, FF = 70.90 %, J (sc) = 11.31 mA/cm(2), eta = 7.02 %.</P>

Chlorinated breakdown products formed during oxidation of adsorbed phenol by electrochemical regeneration of a graphite intercalation compound

S.N. Hussain,H.M.A. Asghar,H. Sattar,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.30 No.-

The process of adsorption using graphite intercalation compound (GIC) adsorbent with electrochemicalregeneration has been investigated for the removal and oxidation of phenol in wastewater. The presentstudy deals with the formation of chlorinated breakdown products released in treated water duringelectrochemical regeneration of GIC adsorbents. The main chlorinated breakdown products observedwere 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol with lower concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol than 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol. Experiments performed at low current density( 10 mA cm 2), low initial phenol concentration (10 mg L 1), and use of a chloride free catholyteminimised the concentration of chlorinated breakdown products. In addition, only a few mg L 1 of 2,4-dichlorphenol and 3,5-dichlorophenol were observed after five adsorption cycles operated in batchrecycle mode for an initial phenol concentration of 50 mg L 1. The formation of chlorinated breakdownproducts was found largely to be associated with the oxidation of phenol from solution as opposed to theadsorbed phenol. These results have important implications in reducing the formation of chlorinatedbreakdown products during wastewater treatment by adsorption and electrochemical regeneration.

Effect of Manganese Promotion on Al-Pillared Montmorillonite Supported Cobalt Nanoparticles for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Ahmad, N.,Hussain, S.T.,Muhammad, B.,Ali, N.,Abbas, S.M.,Khan, Y. Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.10

The effect of Mn-promotion on high surface area Al-pillared montmorillonite (AlMMT) supported Co nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method have been investigated. A series of different weight% Mn-promoted Co nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by XRD, TPR, TGA, BET and SEM techniques. An increase in the surface area of MMT is observed with Al-pillaring. Fischer-Tropsch catalytic activity of the as prepared catalysts was studied in a fixed bed micro reactor at $225^{\circ}C$, $H_2/CO$ = 2 and at 1 atm pressure. The data showed that by the addition of Mn the selectivity of $C_1$ dropped drastically while that of $C_2-C_{12}$ hydrocarbons increased significantly over all the Mn-promoted Co/AlMMT catalysts. The $C_{13}-C_{20}$ hydrocarbons remained almost same for all the catalysts while the selectivity of $C_{21+}$ long chain hydrocarbons decreased considerably with the addition of Mn. The catalyst with 3.5%Mn showed lowest $C_{21+}$ and highest $C_2-C_{12}$ hydrocarbons selectivity due to cracking of long chain hydrocarbons over acidic sites of MMT.

Antihypertensive Effect of Peptides from Sesame, Almond, and Pumpkin Seeds: In-silico and In-vivo Evaluation

( Chelliah R. ),( S. R. Ramakrishnan ),( U. Antony ),( S. H. Kim ),( I. Khan ),( C. N. Tango ),( P. N. Kounkeu ),( S. Wei ),( M. S. Hussain ),( E. B. M. Daliri ),( R. Momna ),( M. Y. Kwon ),( E. H. Le 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2018 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.30 No.1

Plant proteins are important functional ingredients in many processed food products. In particular, globular proteins from various sources play an important role in many food products. In the current study, 11S globulin protein from white sesame seeds, amandin protein from almond seeds, and cucurbitin protein from pumpkin seeds were extracted by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation and purified by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex column (20 × 30 cm). Amandin protein of almond and cucurbitin protein of pumpkin seeds both belong to the 11S globulin family. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of protein samples treated with reducing agents revealed that the isolated 11S globulin from white sesame seeds was composed of an acidic (30-33 kDa) and basic (20-24 kDa) polypeptide, amandin from almond seeds was composed of an acidic (40-42 kDa) and basic (15-20 kDa) polypeptide, and cucurbitin from pumpkin seeds was composed of an acidic (35-42 kDa) and basic (20-25 kDa) polypeptide. The alpha amylase-inhibiting activities of the three proteins was determined. Cucurbitin of pumpkin seeds had a greater alpha amylase inhibitory effect (-86%) than 11S globulin of sesame (82.6%) and amandin protein of almond seeds (76%). The antihypertensive effect of the three proteins was evaluated by a chrioallantoin membrane assay in chick embryos, which revealed that cucurbitin protein showed higher vasodilatation activity than the other two proteins.

Aminated polyethersulfone-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-APES) composite membranes with controlled silver ion release for antibacterial and water treatment applications

Haider, M.S.,Shao, G.N.,Imran, S.M.,Park, S.S.,Abbas, N.,Tahir, M.S.,Hussain, M.,Bae, W.,Kim, H.T. Elsevier 2016 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.62 No.-

<P>The present study reports the antibacterial disinfection properties of a series of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) immobilized membranes. Initially, polyethersulfone (PES) was functionalized through the introduction of amino groups to form aminated polyethersulfone (NH2-PES, APES). AgNPs were then coordinately immobilized on the surface of the APES composite membrane to form AgNPs-APES. The properties of the obtained membrane were examined by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, TGA, ICP-OES and SEM-EDAX analyses. These structural characterizations revealed that AgNPs ranging from 5 to 40 nm were immobilized on the surface of the polymer membrane. Antibacterial tests of the samples showed that the AgNPs-APES exhibited higher activity than the AgNPs-PES un-functionalized membrane. Generally, the AgNPs-APES 1 cm x 3 cm strip revealed a four times longer life than the un-functionalized AgNPs polymer membranes. The evaluation of the Ag+ leaching properties of the obtained samples indicated that approximately 30% of the AgNPs could be retained, even after 12 days of operation. Further analysis indicated that silver ion release can be sustained for approximately 25 days. The present study provides a systematic and novel approach to synthesize water treatment membranes with controlled and improved silver (Ag+) release to enhance the lifetime of the membranes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>