siRNA‐mediated GABA_B receptor at early fetal rat brain upon acute and chronic ethanol exposure: Down regulation of PKA and p‐CREB expression

Naseer, M.I.,Lee, H.Y.,Ullah, N.,Ullah, I.,Park, M.S.,Kim, M.O. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Synapse Vol.65 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To observe the modulatory role of GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R upon ethanol's effect during early brain development, we studied the effects of chronic maternal (10% ethanol during pregnancy) and acute (in vitro) ethanol exposure on the neuronal protein kinase A (PKA‐α) and phosphorylation of cAMP‐response element binding protein (p‐CREB), using a system where GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R were specifically knocked down in the primary cells cultured at gestational day (GD) 12.5. The results showed that upon acute and chronic ethanol treatment the GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R expression was decreased and further decreased when GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R was transfection with siRNA, while increased upon exposure of baclofen, and baclofen plus phaclofen treatment. PKA expression was also decreased with acute and chronic ethanol treatment, whereas it showed increase upon exposure of baclofen and baclofen with phaclofen. Furthermore, intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration was increased upon ethanol, baclofen, phaclofen exposure but showed decrease in GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R siRNA group. Finally, these effects could lead to changes of p‐CREB expression, which showed same expression pattern as PKA. We speculate that GABA<SUB>B</SUB>R activity upon ethanol exposure could modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis and the expressional changes of PKA and p‐CREB, which cause various negative effects on fetal brain development and modulation of GABA<SUB>B</SUB>R upon ethanol exposure may underlying cause of ethanol's effects. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>

Ethanol and PTZ effects on siRNA-mediated GABA_B1 receptor: Down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway in prenatal rat cortical and hippocampal neurons

Naseer, M.I.,Lee, H.Y.,Ullah, N.,Ullah, I.,Park, M.S.,Kim, S.H.,Kim, M.O. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Synapse Vol.64 No.3

<P>GABA<SUB>B</SUB> receptors (R) are widely expressed and distributed in the nervous system, and have been implicated in variety of neurodegenerative and pathophysiological disorders. However, the exact molecular mechanism regarding responsibility of GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R in downstream signaling pathway is not well understood. The present study was undertaken to explore the downstream signaling and role of GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R upon acute ethanol and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) exposure for (20 min) in cortical and hippocampal neuronal cell cultures by using GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R RNA interference (i) (30 nM, 48 h) at gestational days 17.5. The results showed that GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R and protein kinase A-α (PKA) showed decreased expression upon ethanol and PTZ exposure in cortical and hippocampal neurons during transfected and nontransfected conditions, whereas these effects could lead to significant changes in phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) expression where GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R was knocked down. Furthermore, intracellular Ca<SUP>+2</SUP> concentrations were also reduced in some groups after transfection with GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R RNAi. These results showed a critical role of GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R upon ethanol and PTZ exposure by modulating downstream signaling pathway. Finally, these findings suggested that inhibition of GABA<SUB>B1</SUB>R results in the modulation of PKA, p-CREB pathway may play a role in long-term changes in the nervous system, and may be an underlying cause of ethanol's effects. Synapse 64:181–190, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

The radiation shielding competence and imaging spectroscopic based studies of Iron ore region of Kozhikode district, Kerala

S. Arivazhagan,K.A. Naseer,K.A. Mahmoud,S.A. Bassam,P.N. Naseef Mohammed,N.K. Libeesh,A.S. Sachana,M.I. Sayyed,Mohammed S. Alqahtani,E. El Shiekh,Mayeen Uddin Khandaker Korean Nuclear Society 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.7

Hyperspectral data and its ability to explore the minerals and their associated rocks have a remarkable application in mineral exploration and lithological characterization. The present study aims to explore the radiation shielding aspects of the iron ore in Kerala with the aid of the Hyperion hyperspectral dataset. The reflectance-spectra obtained from the laboratory conditions as well as from the image show various absorptions. The results from the spectra are validated with geochemical data and GPS points. The Monte Carlo simulation employed to evaluate the radiation shielding ability. Raising the oxygen ions caused a noteworthy decrease in the µ values of the studied rocks which is accompanied by an increase in Δ_0.5 and Δ_eq values. The Δ_0.5 and Δ_eq values increased by factors of approximately 77 % with raising the oxygen ions between 44.32 and 47.57 wt.%. The µ values varies with the oxygen concentrations, where the µ values decreased from 2.531 to 0.925 cm^-1 (at 0.059 MeV), from 0.381to 0.215 cm^-1 (at 0.662 MeV), and from 0.279 to 0.158 cm^-1 (at 1.25 MeV) with raising the oxygen ions from 44.32 to 47.43 wt.%.

The radiation shielding proficiency and hyperspectral-based spatial distribution of lateritic terrain mapping in Irikkur block, Kannur, Kerala

Arivazhagan S.,Naseer K.A.,Mahmoud K.A.,Libeesh N.K.,Arun Kumar K.V.,Naga Kumar K.ChV.,Sayyed M.I.,Alqahtani Mohammed S.,Shiekh E. El,Khandaker Mayeen Uddin 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.9

The practice of identifying the potential zones for mineral exploration in a speedy and low-cost method includes the use of satellite imagery analysis as a part of remote sensing techniques. It is challenging to explore the iron mineralization of a region through conventional methods which are a time-consuming process. The current study utilizes the Hyperion satellite imagery for mapping the iron mineralization and associated geological features in the Irikkur region, Kannur, Kerala. Along with the remote sensing results, the field study and laboratory-based analysis were conducted to retrieve the ground truth point and geochemical proportion to verify the iron ore mineralization. The MC simulation showed for shielding properties indicate an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient with raising the Fe2O3þSiO2 concentrations in the investigated rocks where it is varied at 0.662 MeV in the range 0.190 cm1 - 0.222 cm1 with rising the Fe2O3þSiO2 content from 57.86 wt% to 71.15 wt%. The analysis also revealed that when the g-ray energy increased from 0.221 MeV to 2.506 MeV, sample 1 had the largest linear attenuation coefficient, ranging from 9.33 cm1 to 0.12 cm1 . Charnockite rocks were found to have exceptional shielding qualities, making them an excellent natural choice for radiation shielding applications.

Nutritive Evaluation of Poultry Waste and Sudex Grass Silage for Sheep

Chaudhry, S.M.,Naseer, Z.,Alkraidees, M.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.1

Cage layer waste and sudex grass were ensiled in the proportions of 0:100, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 wet basis, respectively. The influence of ensiling cage layer waste on Salmonellae, Shigella, Proteus, and total number of colony forming units (CFU) was investigated. The nutritive value of the silages was evaluated in a digestion trial. The experiment was conducted with 24 wethers allotted to four silages. Initial samples of cage layer waste showed $0.11{\times}10^6$ CFU and salmonellae, Shigella and Proteus were present. Ensiling was effective in complete elimination of all the pathogens. Dry matter, crude protein and ash contents were increased linearly (p < .01) with the increase of cage layer waste in the silages ($358g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $484g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$; $76.3g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $183.2g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $38.5g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $169.4g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$; DM basis, respectively). Water solubles carbohydrate values for silages were 38.3, 22.5, 20.1 and $20.0g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DM basis, respectively. Ensiling decreased the pH values for all the silages and the decrease was higher for sudex grass ensiled alone than grass ensiled with cage layer waste. Lactic acid concentration in silages increased linearly (p < .01) with the increase of cage layer waste. The apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and CP for the animals fed sudex grass silage alone were 496.0, 516.1, $496.7g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DM basis respectively. However, digestibilities of all the components were higher (p < 0.01) for the animals fed silages containing cage layer waste. Among waste containing diets, the digestibilities of all the components showed quadratic affect (p < 0.01), increased for silages containing 30 and 40% cage layer waste and decreased when the level of waste increased from 40 to 50%. The results indicated that cage layer waste can be used upto 40% in ruminant diet as a source of N without any adverse effect on the health of animals. Ensiling appeared to be feasible and effective method for eliminating the pathogen present in cage layer waste.

Vitamin C protects against ethanol and PTZ‐induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in prenatal rat hippocampal neurons

Naseer, M.I.,Ullah, N.,Ullah, I.,Koh, P.O.,Lee, H.Y.,Park, M.S.,Kim, M.O. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Synapse Vol.65 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Exposure to alcohol during brain development may cause a neurological syndrome called fetal alcohol syndrome, characterized by pre‐ and postnatal growth deficiencies, craniofacial anomalies, and evidence of CNS dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and ethanol effects on Bax, Bcl‐2 expression, which further induced activation of caspase‐3, release of cytochrome‐c from mitochondria, and to observe the protective effects of vitamin C (vit‐C) against PTZ and ethanol‐induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in primary‐cultured neuronal cells at gestational day 17.5. Apoptotic neurodegeneration and neuroprotective effect of vit‐C were measured by using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenly tetrazolium bromide assay, Western blot analysis, which further conformed by the measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential using JC‐1 detection kit and immunofluorescence analysis. The results showed that PTZ and ethanol produced extensive Bax‐dependent caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 activation and caused neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the cotreatment of vit‐C along with ethanol and PTZ showed significantly decreased expression of Bax, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, cytochrome‐c, and significantly increased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 protein when compared with control group. Our findings indicate that PTZ and ethanol activate an intrinsic apoptotic death program in neurons that is likely to contribute to the neuropathologic effects in fetal alcohol exposure, and vit‐C can prevent some of the deleterious effects of PTZ and ethanol on the developing brain. The available experimental evidence and the safety of vit‐C in pregnancy suggest the experimental use of ascorbic acid as a new and effective protective agent ethanol and PTZ‐induced apoptotic neurodegeneration. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>

A Review on Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Mitigation Techniques in Cloud Computing Environment

Junath Naseer Ahamed,N. Ch. S. N. Iyengar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.8

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack becomes a serious hazard for cloud computing environments as they target the victim and completely suppress the Datacenter to serve for its legitimate clients.This work focus on analyzing the several works and suggesting the better approach to suit cloud environment to detect and to maintain better detection accuracy. Also we have made historical comparison of research works of DDoS mitigation schemes with respect to cloud computing environment. The comparison is also made on five existing research works and provided a summary of them which evaluates the detection accuracy of each work.

Agent Based Detection Mechanism to Outwit Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Cloud Computing Environment

Junath Naseer,N. Ch. S. N. Iyengar,Mogan Kumar P.C 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.10

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) poses the highest rate of vulnerability to cloud computing in terms of availability with ability to destruct the Data-Center (DC) resources. The fortunate part of the attackers is these kinds of attacks are easier to launch the obscure flood towards victim DC and the unfortunate part of detection mechanism is to uncover the attack events and to protect the victim. In order to adapt and automate the detection mechanism in large scale network, agent based detection helps in improving the efficiency of detection. An increase in the network scale will also require the increase in agents deployed in the network to detect the vulnerability DDoS attack threats. This agent based DDoS Mechanism not only protects against huge DDoS flood, but also distinguishes the traffic characteristics by continuous traffic probing to classify the flash crowd traffic event and DDoS attack threat. Jade tool is used to simulate the experiment for our proposed detection scheme.

The Association of Delirium with Perioperative Complications in Primary Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty

Keith T Aziz,Matthew J Best,Zan Naseer,Richard L Skolasky,Karthik E Ponnusamy,Robert S Sterling,Harpal S Khanuja 대한정형외과학회 2018 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.10 No.3

Background: Our goal was to determine whether postoperative delirium is associated with inpatient complication rates after primary elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample, we analyzed records of patients who underwent primary elective THA from 2000 through 2009 to identify patients with delirium (n = 13,551) and without delirium (n = 1,992,971) and to assess major perioperative complications (acute renal failure, death, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and stroke) and minor perioperative complications (deep vein thrombosis, dislocation, general procedural complication, hematoma, seroma, and wound infection). Patient age, sex, length of hospital stay, and number of comorbidities were assessed. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the association of delirium with complication rates (significance, p < 0.01). Results: Patients with delirium were older (mean, 75 ± 0.2 vs. 65 ± 0.1 years), were more likely to be male (56% vs. 52%), had longer hospital stays (mean, 5.7 ± 0.07 vs. 3.8 ± 0.02 days), and had more comorbidities (mean, 2.8 ± 0.03 vs. 1.4 ± 0.01) (all p < 0.001) versus patients without delirium. Patients with delirium were more likely to have major (11% vs. 3%) and minor (17% vs. 7%) perioperative complications versus patients without delirium (both p < 0.001). When controlling for age, sex, and number of comorbidities, delirium was independently associated with major and minor complications (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 2.3). Conclusions: Delirium is an independent risk factor for major and minor perioperative complications after primary elective THA.

Enhancement of the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes with AreN2 plasma treatment

M. Abrar,G.U. Farwa,S. Naseer,A. Saeed,A.W. Khan,Z. Iqbal,S. T. Hussain,M. Zakaullah 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.3

Optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe are used to investigate the low pressure inductively coupled AreN2 plasmas as function of rf power, filling pressure and Ar content in N2 discharge. It is observed that the active species generation, dissociation fraction and electron temperature significantly depends on discharge parameters and may be used to optimize the plasma reactor. Mixture of SWCNTs and MWCNTs are treated for different treatment time (0e120 min) at optimum discharge conditions. Changes induced in the elemental composition, surface morphology, crystallographic structure, and structural disorder in the plasma irradiated CNTs are analyzed by EDX, FTIR, SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. AreN2 mixture plasma treatment of CNTs lead to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, modify the microstructure and induce structural disorder and cause a transition of crystalline phase from well crystalline to an amorphous structure.