http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.
Bioavailability of Gentamicin from a New Rectal Dosage Vehicle in Rabbits
WATANABE, YOSHITERU,MATSUMOTO, YOSHIAKI,KIRIYAMA, MIYUKI,KAKUHARI, TAKESHI,MATSUMOTO, MITSUO,KU, YOUNG-SOON,OBAYASHI, MASAHIKO,ANJOU, SAEKO 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1994 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.4
The bioavailability of gentamicin (GM), a model drug of aminoglycoside antibiotics, from a new rectal dosage vehicle, hollow-type suppositories containing GM and fatty acids (sodium salts) with different acyl chain lengths in their chemical structure, was investigated in rabbits. Fatty acids with chain lengths varying from 6 to 12 carbon atoms (C_6-C_12) enhanced GM absorption in the rectum. Consequently, it was observed that an optimum length of the acyl chain of between C_8 and C_10 enhanced the extent of GM absorption. The absorption-enhancing effect of valproic acid (VPA), a C_8 branched-chain molecule, was less than that of octanoic acid (OA), a C_8 straight-chain molecule. Branching of the acyl chain of the fatty acid seems to decrease the absorption-enhancing effect. This study demonstrates that the C_8- C_10 acyl group appears to play an essential role in the mechanism of GM absorption enhancement. The hollow-type suppositories containing GM and fatty acids, particularly decanoic acid (DA) and OA, are one of the most promising and practical dosage vehicles for rectal delivery of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as GM, instead of the use of injection dosage form.
Watanabe, Naoko,Yanagihara, Satoshi Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2021 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.19 No.3
In this study, basic strategies for the decommissioning and site remediation of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) were investigated. Six scenarios were formulated based on two of the three decommissioning strategies of nuclear power plants defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling. A multicriteria decision analysis was performed to analyze the preferences of the options from the viewpoints of the timeframe to complete decommissioning, the resulting waste, the site usability, and the availability of the radioactive waste disposal route. The same six scenarios were applied to both the FDNPS and the nuclear power plants that ceased operation after a normal plant life cycle for comparison. For the FDNPS, the decommissioning project involved fuel debris retrieval, dismantling, and site remediation. The analysis results suggest that the balance between the amount of waste and the time to achieve the end state may be one of the most critical factors to consider when planning the decommissioning and site remediation of the FDNPS.
Watanabe, H.,Zhang, G.X.,Yoshida, K.,Walker, P.M.,Liu, J.J.,Wu, J.,Regan, P.H.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Kanaoka, H.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.S.,Nishimura, S.,Yagi, A.,Ahn, D.S.,Alharbi, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Bruce North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.760 No.-
The level structure of <SUP>172</SUP>Dy has been investigated for the first time by means of decay spectroscopy following in-flight fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam. A long-lived isomeric state with T<SUB>½</SUB>=0.71(5) s and K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> has been identified at 1278 keV, which decays to the ground-state and γ-vibrational bands through hindered electromagnetic transitions, as well as to the daughter nucleus <SUP>172</SUP>Ho via allowed β decays. The robust nature of the K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> isomer and the ground-state rotational band reveals an axially-symmetric structure for this nucleus. Meanwhile, the γ-vibrational levels have been identified at unusually low excitation energy compared to the neighboring well-deformed nuclei, indicating the significance of the microscopic effect on the non-axial collectivity in this doubly mid-shell region. The underlying mechanism of enhanced γ vibration is discussed in comparison with the deformed Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation based on a Skyrme energy-density functional.
Watanabe, H.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Otsuka, T.,Ogawa, K.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Li, Z.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.113 No.4
<P>A new isomer with a half-life of 23.0(8) ms has been identified at 2406 keV in (126)Pd and is proposed to have a spin and parity of 10(+) with a maximally aligned configuration comprising two neutron holes in the 1h(11/2) orbit. In addition to an internal-decay branch through a hindered electric octupole transition, β decay from the long-lived isomer was observed to populate excited states at high spins in (126)Ag. The smaller energy difference between the 10(+) and 7(-) isomers in (126)Pd than in the heavier N=80 isotones can be interpreted as being ascribed to the monopole shift of the 1h(11/2) neutron orbit. The effects of the monopole interaction on the evolution of single-neutron energies below (132)Sn are discussed in terms of the central and tensor forces.</P>
An estimation of static aerodynamic forces of box girders using computational fluid dynamics
Watanabe, Shigeru,Inoue, Hiroo,Fumoto, Koichiro Techno-Press 2004 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.7 No.1
This study has focused on aerodynamics for a wind-resistance design about the single and tandem box girder sections to realize a super-long span bridge in the near future. Three-dimensional static analysis of flows around the fundamental single and tandem box girder sections with fairing is carried out by means of the IBTD/FS finite element technique with LES turbulence model. As the results of the analysis, computations have verified aerodynamic characteristics of both sections by the histories of aerodynamic forces, the separation and reattachment flow patterns and the surface pressure distributions. The relationship between the section shapes and the aerodynamic characteristics is also investigated in both sections. And the mechanism about the generation of fluctuating aerodynamic forces is discussed.
PILOT PLANT STUDY OF AN UPGRADED ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR
WATANABE,Y.,MASUDA,S.,IWASAKI,Y. 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1
This paper deals with experimental results obtained by the pilot plant of an upgraded Rotating Biological Contactor(RBC). This is a two-story RBC which is designed to simultaneously achieve the biological oxidation and removal of detached biomass in the trough. The authors constructed a three-stage pilot plant with an octagonal stainless mesh contactor 2m across to collect the design information of an upgraded RBC. The municipal wastewater treatment was conducted to examine the RBC's performance. According to experimental results, with a contactor rotating speed of 2rpm, the effluent TOC and NH₄-N concentrations were about 10g/㎥ and 5g/㎥, respectively, at the hydraulic loading of 70L/㎡/d, corresponding to a BOD loading of about 8g/㎡/d. The electrical power consumption of the RBC was 0.005kwh/㎡/d at a contactor rotating speed of 1rpm. A jet mixed separator(JMS) was used as the physico-chemical pre-treatment unit of the RBC. With the addition of a coagulant, simultaneous flocculation and sedimentation of the suspended particles occurred in the JMS. This combined system of the JMS and RBC produced a clean effluent.
Quantum Performance of Thermal Machines over Many Cycles
Watanabe, Gentaro,Venkatesh, B. Prasanna,Talkner, Peter,del Campo, Adolfo American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review Letters Vol.118 No.5
<P>The performance of quantum heat engines is generally based on the analysis of a single cycle. We challenge this approach by showing that the total work performed by a quantum engine need not be proportional to the number of cycles. Furthermore, optimizing the engine over multiple cycles leads to the identification of scenarios with a quantum enhancement. We demonstrate our findings with a quantum Otto engine based on a two-level system as the working substance that supplies power to an external oscillator.</P>