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Kuan Ken Lee,Mark R. Miller,Anoop S. V. Shah 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.1
The adverse health effects of air pollution have long been recognised; however, there is less awareness that the majority of the morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution is due to its effects on the cardiovascular system. Evidence from epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Although the relative risk is small at an individual level, the ubiquitous nature of exposure to air pollution means that the absolute risk at a population level is on a par with “traditional” risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Of particular concern are findings that the strength of this association is stronger in low and middle income countries where air pollution is projected to rise as a result of rapid industrialisation. The underlying biological mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their effect on the vasculature are still an area of intense discussion. A greater understanding of the effect size and mechanisms is necessary to develop effective strategies at individual and policy levels to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
실차 엔진에 적용 가능한 이중 질량 플라이휠의 변위 측정 시스템 개발
이호현(Hohyun Lee),고상근(S. Ken Kauh) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
The Dual Mass Flywheel (DMF) is used in many modem vehicles to decrease noise and absorb vibration on the move. By the two decoupled masses of the flywheel are linked by spring dampers, torsional vibration can be reduced. The measurement of angular displacement of DMF is very important to analysis power transmission characteristics between the engine and the transmission. To get the real time displacement data of DMF, sensor based on the principle of LVDT is mounted on rotating flywheel. The power for circuit is supplied using a method of electromagnetic induction. In addition Bluetooth technology is used for wireless data transmission.
자동 변속 차량의 실차 측정이 가능한 원판형 토크미터의 개발
이준용(Junyong Lee),고상근(S. Ken Kauh),하경표(Kyoung-Pyo Ha) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.5_1
Torque is a key factor of engine performance. It is distributed to various parts of the vehicle such as valve-train, power-train, generator and water pump. However, the exact torque of each part cannot be determined. To find the exact torque of a part, a new type of torque meter is needed because almost all of existing torque meter type is axial which cannot be installed in a real vehicle. This paper, will discuss the development of the disk-type torque meter which can be installed in real vehicle. It makes use of the elastic deformation of the drive plate. It consists of a strain node, power node and telemetry node. To transmit torque data, Bluetooth technology is used. The disk-type torque meter was installed in a Hyundai New Avante XD and the torque was measured successfully.
이한욱(Han Wook Lee),고상근(S. Ken Kauh) 한국정보과학회 2005 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.32 No.1
블루투스(Bluetooth)는 휴대폰을 중심으로 하여 다양한 디지털 기기 사이의 무선 인터페이스를 제공할 수 있는 기술로 가능성을 인정받아 왔다. 특히 블루투스에서 지원되는 스캐터넷(Scatternet)이라는 네트워크의 형태는 PAN(Personal Area Network)과 같은 동적인 Ad-hoc 네트워크 환경에서 블루투스가 지원되기 위해서는 필수적인 요소이다. 하지만 기존의 블루투스 스캐터넷 관련 연구들은 노드들이 수시로 추가 혹은 이탈하는 동적인 네트워크 환경을 거의 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 동적인 네트워크 상황을 고려하여 블루투스 스캐터넷 내부에서 노드가 이탈하였을 경우 이를 재형성하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 본 알고리즘은 다양한 스캐터넷 형태와 무관하게 적용될 수 있는 범용 알고리즘이며, Inquiry 과정이 생략된 채 Page 과정만으로 빠르게 네트워크가 복구되는 특성을 지닌다. 또 노드의 형태에 따라 복구 마스터/슬레이브를 지정하여 작성되는 복구 노드 벡터(Recovery Node Vector)에 따라 동작한다. 또 본 논문에 제시한 알고리즘은 상용 하드웨어에 적용이 가능한 구체적인 알고리즘으로, 실제 상용 하드웨어 실험을 통해 그 성능을 평가하고 발생되는 문제점을 수정하였다. 실험을 통해 제안한 알고리즘의 재형성 지연 시간은 Inquiry 과정이 포함된 경우의 23~60% 정도로 단축된 결과를 얻었고, 97% 이상의 복구 성공률을 보였다. Bluetooth has been reputed as a wireless networking technology supplying ad-hoc networks between digital devices. In particular, bluetooth scatternet is a most essential part for dynamic ad-hoc networks. But past researches on bluetooth scatternet has hardly treated dynamic scatternet environment. In this paper, we proposed a scatternet reformation algorithm for the case that some nodes escape from the scatternet. The proposed algorithm is a general algorithm which can be applied to many types of bluetooth scatternet regardless of the topology. The proposed algorithm has short reformation time delay because the process has only page process (not including inquiry process). The algorithm is operated based on Recovery Node Vector which is composed of Recovery Master and Recovery Slave. In this paper, we performed the real hardware experiments for evaluating the performanec of the proposed algorithm. In that experiments, we measured the reformation time and reformation probability. In comparison with the case including inquiry process, the proposed algorithm had the improvement in reformation time delay and we obtained high success rate over 97%.
하드웨어 구현을 기반으로 한 블루투스 스캐터넷 형성 알고리즘
이한욱(Han-Wook Lee),고상근(S. Ken Kauh) 한국정보과학회 2004 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.31 No.3
블루투스는 휴대폰을 비롯한 디지털 디바이스간의 탄력적이고 확장성 있는 무선 ad-hoc 네트워크를 제공할 수 있는 기술로 가능성을 인정받아왔다. 이러한 네트워크가 지원되기 위해서는 블루투스 스캐터넷(Scatternet)은 필수적인 요소이다. 그러므로 블루투스 스캐터넷과 관련되어서 현재까지 다양한 방법론이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 연구들은 시뮬레이션을 통한 방법론을 제시하는데 그치는 경우가 대부분이며, 스캐터넷의 탄력성과 확장성을 확보하지 못하고 그 복잡성으로 인해 하드웨어 구현에 제약이 있는 경우들이 많다. 본 논문에서는 실제 하드웨어 구현이 용이하고, 스캐터넷의 탄력성과 확장성을 확보할 수 있는 노드 링 스캐터넷(Node Ring Scatternet:NRS) 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 알고리즘은 초기 형성과 재형성 부분으로 구성이 되어 있다. 초기 형성과 관련되어 제한적 SEEK/SCAN 알고리즘을 제안하였고, 재형성과 관련되어서는 DIAC 알고리즘과 예약 복구 노드(Reserved Recovery Node) 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또 실제 시스템 상에서 스캐터넷 알고리즘을 운용하기 위한 SFMP(Scatternet Formation & Management Protocol)을 설계하고, 상용 블루투스 하드웨어로 구현을 하여 20개의 디바이스까지의 스캐터넷 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 기존의 유사 알고리즘에 비해 스캐터넷 형성 시간과 그 확률이 높은 결과를 얻었다. Bluetooth has been reputed as a wireless ad-hoc networking technology supplying scalable and extensible networks between digital devices. For that kind of networks, scatternet is a most essential part in bluetooth. But past researches on bluetooth scatternet has proposed only possibilities of scatternet algorithm based on simulation results. And many of the researches failed in guaranteeing extensibility and flexibility and had many difficulties in real hardware implementation. In this paper, we proposed node ring scatternet(NRS) algorithm guaranteeing extensible and flexible networks. NRS algorithm is designed for hardware implementation using real commercial bluetooth module. That algorithm is divided into initial formation and reformation. For initial formation, we proposed limited SEEK/SCAN algorithm. For reformation, we proposed DIAC algorithm and Reserved Recovery Node algorithm. And we proposed SFMP(Scatternet Formation & Management Protocol) in protocol stack for real implementation. NRS algorithm is operated in SFMP. Finally, we performed real hardware experiments and evaluated the proposed algorithm. In that experiments, we succeeded in forming scatternet up to 20 nodes. In comparison with other similar algorithm, proposed algorithm have the improvement in scatternet formation delay and success rate.
송준봉(Jun-Bong Song),이준용(Junyong Lee),고상근(S.Ken Kauh),하경표(Kyoung-Pyo Ha) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.11_2
Recently not only the efficiency of an engine but also that of accessories powered by an engine is getting more important. To improve the efficiency of accessories, it is necessary to measure the accurate torque of accessories. But to measure the torque of each accessories needs much efforts and high cost for modifying the test vehicles. So we developed torque meter which is available to measure the torque in-vehicle. Torque is measured by strain gage sensor and there are also four channel thermocouples and RTD to check the temperature. And non-contacting power transmission method and Bluetooth wireless data transmitting technology are used. In this paper, we measured the t α que of power steering system. The torque of power steering pump is measured successfully.
오경은,신혜지,전영호,조양희,이미경,Ken S. Lee,박병덕,이기용 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.7
Response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions for obtaining pancreatic lipase inhibitory and antioxidant principles from Ilex paraguariensis leaves. Three influencing factors: extraction time (min), the liquid– solid ratio, and ethanol concentration (%, v/v) were investigated in the ultrasonic extraction process. Optimization of the extraction conditions to obtain a product with minimum PL activity, maximum antioxidant activity, and maximum yield was performed using RSM by focusing on the three target influencing factors. The optimum conditions were established as the ethanol concentration (54.8 %), liquid–solid ratio (35.4), and extraction time (70.0 min). Under these conditions, the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, PL activity, extraction yield were 59.3 ± 3.5, 35.3 ± 3.0, and 34.4 ± 0.4 %, respectively, similar to the theoretical predicted values of 59.7, 35.2, and 34.3 %, respectively.