Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina on the expressions of AANAT, ADRB3, BTG2 and FASN genes in the subcutaneous adipose and Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred Australian sheep

Kashani, Arash,Holman, Benjamin William Behrens,Nichols, Peter David,Malau-Aduli, Aduli Enoch Othniel Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.3

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

ON SOME L₁-FINITE TYPE (HYPER)SURFACES IN ℝⁿ⁺¹

Kashani, Seyed Mohammad Bagher 대한수학회 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.1

We say that an isometric immersed hypersurface x : $M^n\;{\rightarrow}\;{\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ is of $L_k$-finite type ($L_k$-f.t.) if $x\;=\;{\sum}^p_{i=0}x_i$ for some positive integer p < $\infty$, $x_i$ : $M{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ is smooth and $L_kx_i={\lambda}_ix_i$, ${\lambda}_i\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{R}}$, $0{\leq}i{\leq}p$, $L_kf=trP_k\;{\circ}\;{\nabla}^2f$ for $f\;{\in}\'C^{\infty}(M)$, where $P_k$ is the kth Newton transformation, ${\nabla}^2f$ is the Hessian of f, $L_kx\;=\;(L_kx^1,\;{\ldots},\;L_kx^{n+1})$, $x=(x^1,\;{\ldots},\;x^{n+1})$. In this article we study the following(hyper)surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ from the view point of $L_1$-finiteness type: totally umbilic ones, generalized cylinders $S^m(r){\times}{\mathbb{R}}^{n-m}$, ruled surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ and some revolution surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$.

Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina on the expressions of AANAT, ADRB3, BTG2 and FASN genes in the subcutaneous adipose and Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred Australian sheep

Arash Kashani,Benjamin William Behrens Holman,Peter David Nichols,Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli 한국축산학회 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.3

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acidcontent and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (≥C20) omega-3 PUFA, hasincreased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, andthis study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patternsof genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle ofAustralian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions weremaintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms ofnutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins andminerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that inferhealth benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNAextraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNAexpression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-celltranslocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all theselected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did notinfluence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease inintramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production ofmelatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negativelyaffected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASNgenes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggestingthat low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina on the expressions of AANAT, ADRB3, BTG2 and FASN genes in the subcutaneous adipose and Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred Australian sheep

( Arash Kashani ),( Benjamin William Behrens Holman ),( Peter David Nichols ),( Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau Aduli ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.8

Background The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (≥C20) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

Magnetic-Field-Assisted Emulsion Electrospinning System: Designing, Assembly, and Testing for the Production of PCL/Gelatin Core–Shell Nanofibers

Fatemeh Kashani‑Asadi‑Jafari,Ahmadreza Parhizgar,Afra Hadjizadeh 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.2

There are different methods for producing core–shell nanofibers, one of which is the emulsion electrospinning method. Thestability of the emulsion during electrospinning is one of the most critical factors in the quality of the fibers. In this study, amagnetic-field-assisted emulsion electrospinning system was designed, built, and tested to keep the emulsion stable withoutadditives or sonication. Polycaprolactone (PCL) 10 wt. % in dichloromethane (DCM) for the shell and gelatin 2.5 wt. % inwater for the core was used. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of samples with different weight ratios of componentsboth with and without using the magnetic-field-assisted emulsion electrospinning system at different rotational speedswas investigated. Transition electron microscope (TEM) images of the sample with a ratio of 1/10 (gel/PCL) at differentrotational speeds were studied. The fibers were finally analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and tensile strengthmachine. According to the results, there was no change in the bonds in the materials after electrospinning. The designedsystem improved the fiber texture and reduced its structural problems significantly. By increasing the rotation speed of themagnet from 700 to 900 rpm, an improvement in fiber morphology and uniformity in diameter was observed. The compositionof gelatin/PCL with a ratio of 1/10 was selected as the optimal condition. The spun nanofibers in these conditionshad a uniform structure without the bead, and the presence of both polymers uniformly in the fibers was shown. Finally,the magnetic-field-assisted emulsion electrospinning system successfully held the emulsion stable during electrospinningwithout additives.

A strain-rate-dependent analytical model for composite bolted joints

Alireza Shamaei-Kashani,Mahmood M. Shokrieh 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.41 No.2

In the present research, a novel analytical approach was developed to predict the bearing chord stiffness and the damage initiation bearing-load of single-lap composite bolted joints under medium strain rate loading. First, the elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, and strength of a unidirectional composite ply at an arbitrary strain rate were predicted by available micromechanical equations. Then, the bearing chord stiffness of the joint at any arbitrary strain rate was predicted. For this purpose, the available spring-based model was modified. The strain-rate-dependent damage initiation bearing-load of the joint was predicted by using the moduli and the stress concentration factor of a pin-loaded unidirectional ply. Four types of single-lap joints with [-45/0/+45/90]s and [90/-452/+45]s layups with and without carbon nanofibers were tested at the strain rates of 0.0048 s-1, 0.36 s-1, and 0.89 s-1. The results of experiments showed that mechanical properties of single-lap composite bolted joints increased with increasing the strain rate. Also, employing carbon nanofibers has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the joints. The predicted results in comparison with the conducted experimental data show good agreements.

Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Surgery in High Grade Spondylolisthesis Treated with Temporary Distraction Rod

Farzad Omidi-Kashani,Alireza Hootkani,Lida Jarahi,Manizheh Rezvan,Amir Moayedpour 대한정형외과학회 2015 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.7 No.1

Background: Surgical techniques used in the treatment of patients with high grade lumbar spondylolisthesis (> 50% slippage) areusually associated with a great deal of controversies. We aim to evaluate the surgical outcomes of high grade spondylolisthesistreated with an intraoperative temporary distraction rod. Methods: We retrospectively studied 21 patients (14 females and 7 males), aged 50.4 ± 9.2 years, who had high grade lumbarspondylolisthesis that was treated with intraoperative temporary distraction rods, neural decompression, pedicular screw fixation,and posterolateral fusion involving one more intact upper vertebra. The mean follow-up period was 39.2 months. Radiologic andclinical outcomes were measured by slip angle, slip percentage, correction rate, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analoguescale (VAS), patient’s satisfaction rate in the pre- and postoperative period. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 11.5. Results: Analysis of the preoperative visits and final follow-up visits indicated that surgery could improve ODI, lumbar VAS, andleg VAS from 60.5% to 8.2%, from 6.7 to 2.2, and from 6.9 to 1.3, respectively. Slip angle and slip percentage were also changedfrom –8° to –15° and from 59.2% to 21.4%, respectively. Mean correction rate at the final follow-up visit was 64.1%. Loss of correctionwas insignificant and a neurologic complication occurred in one patient due to misplacement of one screw. Excellent andgood levels of satisfaction were observed in 90.5% of the patients. Conclusions: In the surgical treatment of refractory high grade spondylolisthesis, the use of a temporary distraction rod to reducethe slipped vertebra in combination with neural decompression, posterolateral fusion, and longer instrumentation is associatedwith satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Sciatica in a Five-Year-Old Boy

Farzad Omidi Kashani,Ebrahim Ghayem Hasankhani,Ehsan Rafeemanesh 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.3

The prevalence of back pain during childhood is 50%; in 22% of these cases, a specific diagnosis can be found. Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign tumor that occursonly in 20% of cases and involves the spine. The aim of this report is to explain an atypical case of lumbar osteoid osteoma with significant neurologic deficit at a very young age. A five-year-old boy was presented with refractory pain in the low back and left extremity for approximately one year. Positive clinical findings were antalgic gait, stiff lumbar spine, weak left big toe extension force and a positive straight leg rising test on the left side. Paraclinical studies revealed osteoid osteoma in the left-sided pedicle of the fifth lumbar vertebra. With surgical excision, he recovered immediately. Lumbar osteoid osteoma should be suspected as the cause of low back pain or sciatalgia in any young patient.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Who Should Be Fused? An Updated Review

Farzad Omidi Kashani,Ebrahim Ghayem Hasankhani,Amir Ashjazadeh 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.4

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is mostly caused by osteoarthritis (spondylosis). Clinically, the symptoms of patients with LSS can be categorized into two groups; regional (low back pain, stiffness, and so on) or radicular (spinal stenosis mainly presenting as neurogenic claudication). Both of these symptoms usually improve with appropriate conservative treatment, but in refractory cases, surgical intervention is occasionally indicated. In the patients who primarily complain of radiculopathy with an underlying biomechanically stable spine, a decompression surgery alone using a less invasive technique may be sufficient. Preoperatively, with the presence of indicators such as failed back surgery syndrome (revision surgery), degenerative instability, considerable essential deformity, symptomatic spondylolysis, refractory degenerative disc disease, and adjacent segment disease, lumbar fusion is probably recommended. Intraoperatively, in cases with extensive decompression associated with a wide disc space or insufficient bone stock, fusion is preferred. Instrumentation improves the fusion rate, but it is not necessarily associated with improved recovery rate and better functional outcome.

Ten Important Tips in Treating a Patient with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Farzad Omidi Kashani,Hamid Hejrati,Shahrara Ariamanesh 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.5

Lumbar disc herniation is a common spinal disorder that usually responds favorably to conservative treatment. In a small percentage of the patients, surgical decompression is necessary. Even though lumbar discectomy constitutes the most common and easiest spine surgery globally, adverse or even catastrophic events can occur. Appropriate patient selection and effective neural decompression constitute the most important points for better surgical outcomes and avoidance of unpleasant complications. Other important tips include timely performance of magnetic resonance imaging, correct interpretation of scan data, preoperative detection of underlying instability, exclusion of non-discogenic sciatica, determination of the main cause of clinical pathology, avoidance of the wrong side or level, and being sure that the more detailed procedure does not necessarily mean the more effective procedure.