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Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Chronic Diseases
Karimé González,Jorge Fuentes,José Luis Márquez 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.3
New research into physical activity suggests that it is no longer sufficient just to meet minimum levels recommend-ed by health guidelines in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior have their own health hazards and need to be addressed separately, in order to explore their different deleterious mech-anisms. The aim of this review was to define and to characterize both concepts, and their relationship with major non-communicable chronic diseases. A PubMed database search was undertaken, using the following key words: physical activity, physical inactivity, sedentarism, sedentary behavior, and non-communicable chronic disease. This literature review provides an updated view on physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, and reevaluates their prevalence and association with major non-communicable chronic disease.
Karim S. Karim,F. Taghibakhsh,G. Sanaie-Fard Sanaie-Fard,M. H. Izadi,T. Ottaviani 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.I
On-pixel amplifiers in amorphous silicon (a-Si) technology can offer increased pixel signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) compared to traditional switch based imaging pixels. Experiments reveal a reduction in readout noise and indicate that a-Si pixel amplifiers can meet the stringent requirements for digital X-ray fluoroscopy. However, larger input voltages can introduce non-linearities thereby reducing the pixel dynamic range. In this research, we investigate amplified pixel architectures that exhibit large signal linearity and consequently higher dynamic range. Gain, linearity, noise, metastability and area estimations of the amplified pixels indicate their applicability in large-area medical Xray imaging applications that require switching between low-exposure, real-time fluoroscopy and high-exposure chest radiography modes at a region of interest.
Karim Bouterfas,Zoheir Mehdadi,Manal Maliha Elaoufi,Linda Aouad,Ali Latreche,Walid Benchiha 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.1
Marrubium vulgare L. is used in folk medicine of several countries. Many researches showed that it is used for treatment of variety of diseases, for example as remedy for asthma and diabetes, duo to its antibacterial effects. The present study aimed to access the effect of the sampling location on the antibacterial activity of the flavonoids extracted from Marrubium vulgare L. leaves, against three pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Proteus mirabilis. The leaves were collected from three different sampling locations belonging northwest Algeria: Tessala Mountain, M’sila forest and Ain Skhouna. The flavonoid extraction was carried out using organic solvents with increasing polarity. The bacterial susceptibility testing by diffusion agar method showed that the diameters zones varied significantly (P < 0.001) according to the sampling location of the leaves, the flavonoid extract and its concentration. The inhibition diameters varied between 7.5–34.3 mm, which often exceed those induced by the standard antibacterial agents (chloramphenicol, gentamicin, aztreonam, nalidixic acid, ceftazidime, and imipenem). The agar dilution method showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) range between 25 and 100 μg/mL; revealing strong antibacterial inhibition. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavans and flavanols, which may be responsible of this promising antimicrobial activity.
Karim, Muhammad Tariq,Inam, Sumera,Ashraf, Tariq,Shah, Nadia,Adil, Syed Omair,Shafique, Kashif The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2018 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.51 No.2
Objectives: Areca nut is widely consumed in many parts of the world, especially in South and Southeast Asia, where cardiovascular disease (CVD) is also a huge burden. Among the forms of CVD, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Research has shown areca nut chewing to be associated with diabetes, hypertension, oropharyngeal and esophageal cancers, and CVD, but little is known about mortality and re-hospitalization secondary to ACS among areca nut users and non-users. Methods: A prospective cohort was studied to quantify the effect of areca nut chewing on patients with newly diagnosed ACS by categorizing the study population into exposed and non-exposed groups according to baseline chewing status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of areca nut chewing with the risk of re-hospitalization and 30-day mortality secondary to ACS. Results: Of the 384 ACS patients, 49.5% (n=190) were areca users. During 1-month of follow-up, 20.3% (n=78) deaths and 25.1% (n=96) re-hospitalizations occurred. A higher risk of re-hospitalization was found (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 3.27; p=0.002) in areca users than in non-users. Moreover, patients with severe disease were at a significantly higher risk of 30-day mortality (aHR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.67 to 4.59; p<0.001) and re-hospitalization (aHR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.73 to 4.26; p<0.001). Conclusions: The 30-day re-hospitalization rate among ACS patients was found to be significantly higher in areca users and individuals with severe disease. These findings suggest that screening for a history of areca nut chewing may help to identify patients at a high risk for re-hospitalization due to secondary events.
In situ intercalative polymerization of conducting polypyrrole/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Karim, Mohammad Rezaul,Yeum, Jeong Hyun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of polymer science. Part B, Polymer physic Vol.46 No.21
<P>Conducting polypyrrole (PPy)-montmorillonite (MMT) clay nanocomposites have been synthesized by the in situ intercalative polymerization method. The PPy-MMT nanocomposites are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XRD patterns show that after polymerization by the in situ intercalative method with ammonium persulfate and 1 M HCl, an increase in the basal spacing from 1.2 to 1.9 nm was observed, signifying that PPy is synthesized between the interlayer spaces of MMT. TEM and SEM micrographs suggest that the coexistence of intercalated MMT layers with the PPy macromolecules. FTIR reveals that there might be possible interfacial interactions present between the MMT clay and PPy matrix. The study also shows that the introduction of MMT clay results in thermal stability improvement of the PPy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2279–2285, 2008</P>
Analysis of Marginal Count Failure Data by using Covariates
Karim, Md.Rezaul,Suzuki, Kazuyuki The Korean Reliability Society 2003 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.4 No.2
Manufacturers collect and analyze field reliability data to enhance the quality and reliability of their products and to improve customer satisfaction. To reduce the data collecting and maintenance costs, the amount of data maintained for evaluating product quality and reliability should be minimized. With this in mind, some industrial companies assemble warranty databases by gathering data from different sources for a particular time period. This “marginal count failure data” does not provide (i) the number of failures by when the product entered service, (ii) the number of failures by product age, or (iii) information about the effects of the operating season or environment. This article describes a method for estimating age-based claim rates from marginal count failure data. It uses covariates to identify variations in claims relative to variables such as manufacturing characteristics, time of manufacture, operating season or environment. A Poisson model is presented, and the method is illustrated using warranty claims data for two electrical products.
Karim, S.A.,Santra, A.,Sharma, V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.9
The reported study was conducted on range managed Malpura ewes that were non-breeding empty, were at an advanced stage of pregnancy, and were in early lactation, under a protocol of free grazing with concentrate supplementation at 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50% of their body weight to assess their plane of nutrition and nutrient intake. The biomass yield of pasture plots was 1689, 1820 and 2912 kg/ha in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases, respectively. In addition to natural shrubs and forbs, Cenchrus ciliaris (36.4%) and dead litter (31.6%) were the major component of pasture vegetation during pregnancy. The dead litter disappeared during the lactation and empty phase with a concomitant increase in distribution of Cenchrus ciliaris to 73.0 and 87.2% respectively. The daily dry matter consumption from supplemental concentrate and free grazing was 70.1, 57.3 and 63.5 g/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ with concentrate to roughage ratio of 40:60, 47:53 and 33:67 in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases respectively. Digestibility of DM and OM were similar in the three phases while CP digestibility was higher (p<0.0l) during lactation than other two phases. Digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose were higher (p<0.0l) in empty than pregnancy and lactation, while hemicellulose digestibility was similar in lactation and empty and lower in pregnancy phase. The ewes in ~hases of pregnancy, lactation and empty consumed 7.1, 7.7 and 6.1 g DCP and 197.2, 214.6 and 232.5 kcal DE/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. It is concluded that ewes maintained on semi-arid Cenchrus dominated pasture with concentrate supplementation during pregnancy, lactation and empty phases consumed 45.2, 45.1 and 35.2 g DCP/Mcal ME respectively.