Derivations with Nilpotent Values on Γ-rings

Kalyan Kumar Dey,Akhil Chandra Paul,Bijan Davvaz 한국수학교육학회 2014 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.21 No.4

Let M be a prime Γ-ring and let d be a derivation of M. If there exists a fixed integer n such that (d(x)α)ⁿd(x) = 0 for all x ∈ M and α∈Γ, then we provethat d(x) = 0 for all x ∈ M. This result can be extended to semiprime Γ-rings.

Finite element based total response analysis of rectangular liquid containers against different excitations

Kalyan Kumar Mandal Techno-Press 2023 Ocean systems engineering Vol.13 No.1

In the present study, the total hydrodynamic pressure exerted by the fluid on walls of rectangular tanks due to horizontal excitations of different frequencies, is investigated by pressure based finite element method. Fluid within the tanks is invisid, compressible and its motion is considered to be irrotational and it is simulated by two dimensional eight-node isoparametric. The walls of the tanks are assumed to be rigid. The total hydrodynamic pressure increases with the increase of exciting frequency and has maximum value when the exciting frequency is equal to the fundamental frequency. However, the hydrodynamic pressure has decreasing trend for the frequency greater than the fundamental frequency. Hydrodynamic pressure at the free surface is independent to the height of fluid. However, the pressure at base and mid height of vertical wall depends on height of fluid. At these two locations, the hydrodynamic pressure decreases with the increase of fluid depth. The depth of undisturbed fluid near the base increases with the increase of depth of fluid when it is excited with fundamental frequency of fluid. The sloshing of fluid with in the tank increases with the increase of exciting frequency and has maximum value when the exciting frequency is equal to the fundamental frequency of liquid. However, this vertical displacement is quite less when the exciting frequency is greater than the fundamental frequency.

Production of Ready-to-Reconstitute Functional Beverages by Utilizing Whey Protein Hydrolysates and Probiotics

Kumar, Sabbini Kalyan,Jayaprakasha, Heddur Manjappa,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Kim, Soo-Ki,Han, Song-Ee,Jeong, A-Ram,Yoon, Yoh-Chang Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.4

This investigation was aimed at developing a ready-to-reconstitute beverage by utilizing probiotics and whey protein hydrolysates carrying bioactive peptides. Cheddar cheese whey was ultrafiltered. The 18% protein retentate was subjected to protein hydrolysis using Neutrase. The hydrolyzed retentate was further condensed to 35% total solids and spray-dried at $75^{\circ}C$ outlet air temperature. Different levels of sugar, citric acid and stabilizer were blended for spray-dried hydrolysates. Spray-dried hydrolysate was further inoculated with different levels of probiotics grown in a whey medium and dried in fluidized-bed drier at $40^{\circ}C$ to obtain a ready-to-reconstitute beverage. Hydrolysis was greatest at an enzyme:substrate ratio of 1:25 for 3 h. Spray-dried hydrolysate reconstituted to 1% protein and blended with 15% sugar, 0.2% citric acid and 0.15% xantham gum resulted in a superior product with no sedimentation. Accordingly, sugar, citric acid and xanthum gum were dry-blended with spray-dried hydrolysates. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus that was grown separately in a whey medium, blended to produce 2% spray-dried hydrolysate and dried as described above resulted in a readyto-reconstitute beverage mix. The fluidized dried product typically exhibited a probiotic count of $10^8$colony forming units (CFU)/g. However, blending of probiotic to the retentate and direct spray-drying precipitously reduced the probiotic count to $10^4$ CFU/g of powder.

2D Finite element analysis of rectangular water tank with separator wall using direct coupling

Mandal, Kalyan Kumar,Maity, Damodar Techno-Press 2015 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.4 No.4

The present paper deals with the analysis of water tank with elastic separator wall. Both fluid and structure are discretized and modeled by eight node-elements. In the governing equations, pressure for the fluid domain and displacement for the separator wall are considered as nodal variables. A method namely, direct coupled for the analysis of water tank has been carried out in this study. In direct coupled approach, the solution of the fluid-structure system is accomplished by considering these as a single system. The hydrodynamic pressure on tank wall is presented for different lengths of tank. The results show that the magnitude of hydrodynamic pressure is quite large when the distances between the separator wall and tank wall are relatively closer and this is due to higher rotating tendency of fluid and the higher sloshed displacement at free surface.

Introduction of a Novel “Segmentation Line” to Analyze the Variations in Segmental Lordosis, Location of the Lumbar Apex, and Their Correlation with Spinopelvic Parameters in Asymptomatic Adults

Kalidindi Kalyan Kumar Varma,Sangondimath Gururaj,Bansal Kuldeep,Vishwakarma Gayatri,Chhabra Harvinder Singh 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.4

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Purpose: This study aimed to understand the sagittal spinopelvic parameters, segmental lumbar parameters, and lumbar apex location in asymptomatic adults and analyze their correlations with each other.Overview of Literature: Roussouly and his colleagues reported that pelvic incidence (PI) influences the lower arc of lumbar lordosis, whereas Pesenti and his colleagues reported that PI influences only the proximal part of lordosis and not the distal part. Both studies have their shortcomings.Methods: One hundred asymptomatic adult volunteers (mean age, 29.1±7.9 years; 69 males, 31 females) who satisfied the selection criteria were enrolled in this study. Standing antero-posterior and lateral whole spine and pelvis X-rays were performed, and the radiographic parameters were analyzed. We introduced a “segmentation line” bisecting the apical vertebra/disk to divide the upper arc of lumbar lordosis (ULL) and lower arc of lumbar lordosis (LLL).Results: The mean PI was 48.02°, ULL 29.12°, LLL 16.02°, total lumbar lordosis (TLL) 45.14°, lumbar tilt angle 4.73°, and location of the apex of lumbar lordosis (LLA) 4.11°. The location of the lumbar apex moved higher as the PI increased. The PI was strongly positively correlated with the LLL (<i>r</i> =0.582, <i>p</i> <0.001) and TLL (<i>r</i> =0.579, <i>p</i> <0.001) but not with the ULL (<i>r</i> =0.196, <i>p</i> =0.05). The LLA was strongly positively correlated with the ULL (<i>r</i> =0.349, <i>p</i> <0.001), negatively with the LLL (<i>r</i> =−0.63, <i>p</i> <0.001), and not correlated with the TLL (<i>r</i> =−0.177, <i>p</i> =0.078).Conclusions: The PI influences the location of the lumbar apex, the LLL, and the TLL but not the ULL. The location of the lumbar apex significantly influences the segmental lordosis but not the TLL.

Influence of Active SMA Fibre on Deflection Recovery Characteristics of Damaged Laminated Composite Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

Erukala Kalyan Kumar,Subrata Kumar Panda,S. R. Mahmoud,Mohammed Balubaid 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.9

The finite element (FE) solutions of the smart (SMA: shape memory alloy fibre bonded) composite with and without crack are computed in this research. The structural model is derived mathematically considering the shear deformation effect, and the proposed functions maintain the necessary continuity of stresses. The numerical solutions are obtained via the computer code considering the blocking/recovery stress phenomenon (via marching technique) due to the inclusion of SMA fibre. The necessary correctness and the numerical results sensitivities are verified as priori. The solutions are showing an improvement of structural stiffness (decrease in deflections around 22–27% and 14–22% for the prestrain values 3–5% and 10–30% volume fraction of shape memory alloy fibre, SMA) due to the activation of SMA (under elevated temperature) fibres. Finally, the influences of all different structural design (aspect ratio, thickness ratio, boundary conditions, load intensities and crack dimension), material (SMA relevant data), environment and damage effects on the static flexural deflections are examined through a series of examples.

On Commutativity of σ-Prime Γ-Rings

DEY, KALYAN KUMAR,PAUL, AKHIL CHANDRA,DAVVAZ, BIJAN Department of Mathematics 2015 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.55 No.4

Let U be a ${\sigma}$-square closed Lie ideal of a 2-torsion free ${\sigma}$-prime ${\Gamma}$-ring M. Let $d{\neq}1$ be an automorphism of M such that $[u,d(u)]_{\alpha}{\in}Z(M)$ on U, $d{\sigma}={\sigma}d$ on U, and there exists $u_0$ in $Sa_{\sigma}(M)$ with $M{\Gamma}u_0{\subseteq}U$. Then, $U{\subseteq}Z(M)$. By applying this result, we generalize the results of Oukhtite and Salhi respect to ${\Gamma}$-rings. Finally, for a non-zero derivation of a 2-torsion free ${\sigma}$-prime $\Gamma$-ring, we obtain suitable conditions under which the $\Gamma$-ring must be commutative.

Surgical Outcomes of Transpedicular Decompression with or without Global Reconstruction in Thoracic/Thoracolumbar Pott’s Spine: A 7-Year Institutional Retrospective Study

Kalidindi Kalyan Kumar Varma,Bansal Kuldeep,Biswas Gourab,Gupta Anuj,Vishwakarma Gayatri,Tandon Vikas,Chhabra Harvinder Singh 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.2

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the radiological and clinical outcomes of transpedicular decompression in spinal tuberculosis (or Pott’s spine) with and without anterior reconstruction using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or mesh cage. Overview of Literature: The outcomes of transpedicular decompression with and without global reconstruction in Pott’s spine are insufficiently investigated. Additionally, the use of PEEK cages in Pott’s spine has remained unestablished. Methods: Using the hospital records and imaging database obtained from January 2014 to January 2020, this study retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgery for Pott’s spine and met the eligibility criteria. Results: This study included 230 patients with a mean±standard deviation age of 47.7±18.1 years (109 males, 121 females). The Visual Analog Scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, and Cobb angle were significantly improved in these patients (p<0.001). Patients who underwent anterior reconstruction had a greater correction in Cobb angle postoperatively (p=0.042) but also had a greater blood loss (p=0.04). During the follow-up, they experienced a significant loss of correction compared with those who only underwent transpedicular decompression (p=0.026). Nevertheless, patients who underwent anterior reconstruction using mesh/PEEK cages showed no significance difference in the clinical or radiological outcomes. Conclusions: Transpedicular decompression used in the surgical management of Pott’s spine showed favorable clinical and radiological outcomes. The additional use of anterior reconstruction obtained equivalent clinical outcomes but resulted in excessive blood loss. Meanwhile, the use of mesh/PEEK cage for anterior reconstruction did not affect the clinical and radiological outcomes.

A finite element based approach to observe hydrodynamic pressure in reservoir adjacent to concrete gravity dam

Santosh Kumar, Das,Kalyan Kumar, Mandal,Arup Guha, Niyogi Techno-Press 2022 Ocean systems engineering Vol.12 No.4

This paper deals with the study of hydrodynamic pressure in reservoir adjacent to the concrete gravity dam subjected to dynamic excitation. Widely famous finite element method is used to discretize the reservoir domain for modelling purpose. Pressure is considered as nodal variable following Eulerian approach. A suitable nonreflecting boundary condition is applied at truncated face of reservoir to make the infinite reservoir to finite one for saving the computational cost. Thorough studies have been done on generation of hydrodynamic pressure in reservoir with variation of different geometrical properties. Velocity profile and hydrodynamic pressure are observed due to harmonic excitation for variation of inclination angle of dam reservoir interface. Effect of bottom slope angle and inclined length of reservoir bottom on hydrodynamic pressure coefficient of reservoir are also observed. There is significant increase in hydrodynamic pressure and distinct changes in velocity profile of reservoir are noticeable for change in inclination angle of dam reservoir interface. Change of bottom slope and inclined length of reservoir bottom are also governing factor for variation of hydrodynamic pressure in reservoir subjected to dynamic excitation.

Production of Ready-to-Reconstitute Functional Beverages by Utilizing Whey Protein Hydrolysates and Probiotics

Sabbini Kalyan Kumar,Heddur Manjappa Jayaprakasha,백현동,김수기,정아람,한송이,Yoh Chang Yoon 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.4

This investigation was aimed at developing a ready-to-reconstitute beverage by utilizing probiotics and whey protein hydrolysates carrying bioactive peptides. Cheddar cheese whey was ultrafiltered. The 18% protein retentate was subjected to protein hydrolysis using Neutrase. The hydrolyzed retentate was further condensed to 35% total solids and spray-dried at 75℃ outlet air temperature. Different levels of sugar, citric acid and stabilizer were blended for spray-dried hydrolysates. Spray-dried hydrolysate was further inoculated with different levels of probiotics grown in a whey medium and dried in fluidized-bed drier at 40℃ to obtain a ready-to-reconstitute beverage. Hydrolysis was greatest at an enzyme:substrate ratio of 1:25 for 3 h. Spray-dried hydrolysate reconstituted to 1% protein and blended with 15% sugar, 0.2% citric acid and 0.15%xantham gum resulted in a superior product with no sedimentation. Accordingly, sugar, citric acid and xanthum gum were dry-blended with spray-dried hydrolysates. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus that was grown separately in a whey medium, blended to produce 2% spray-dried hydrolysate and dried as described above resulted in a readyto-reconstitute beverage mix. The fluidized dried product typically exhibited a probiotic count of 108colony forming units (CFU)/g. However, blending of probiotic to the retentate and direct spray-drying precipitously reduced the probiotic count to 104 CFU/g of powder.