Correlation of Patient Weight and Cross-Sectional Dimensions with Subjective Image Quality at Standard Dose Abdominal CT

Kalra, Mannudeep K.,Maher, Michael M.,Prasad, Srinivasa R.,Hayat, M. Sikandar,Blake, Michael A.,Varghese, Jose,Halpern, Elkan F.,Saini, Sanjay Korean Radiological Society 2003 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.4 No.4

Relationship between subjective and objective measures of anticipatory anxiety prior to extraction procedures in 8- to 12-year-old children

Kalra, Namita,Sabherwal, Puja,Tyagi, Rishi,Khatri, Amit,Srivastava, Shruti The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2021 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.21 No.2

Background: This study assessed anticipatory dental anxiety levels among 8- to 12-year-old children based on subjective and physiological measures and their correlation. The variations in anxiety based on sex, age, temperament, and academic performance were evaluated. Methods: An observational study was conducted in 60 children recruited from the waiting room over a 6-month period. The operator recorded subjective anxiety in the children using a novel visual facial anxiety scale. The operator also noted the demographic details and child's temperament using the nine dimensions of the Thomas and Chess criteria, and graded children as "easy," "slow to warm-up," and "difficult." The academic performance of the children was graded (parental ratings) on a five-point Likert scale. Physiological variables (heartrate [HR], oxygen saturation[SpO2], and blood pressure [BP]) were recorded by another evaluator. The correlation between anxiety levels and physiological variables was also assessed. The effects of age, sex, temperament, and academic performance on anxiety were evaluated. Results: The study included 60 children aged 8-12 years, including 36 boys and 24 girls. Seventy percent of children had mild to moderate levels of pre-extraction anxiety, while 30% of children demonstrated high anxiety. A significant positive correlation was noted between anxiety levels and HR (rs = 0.477, P < 0.001⁎) and systolic BP (rs = 0.294, P < 0.05), while a significant but inverse correlation was observed with SpO2 (rs = -0.40, P < 0.05). Anxiety did not influence diastolic BP. Children with difficult temperament and poor academic performance had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusion: A high percentage (70%) of children aged 8-12 years had mild to moderate anxiety prior to the extraction procedure. Increased HR, systolic BP, and reduced SpO2 were significantly associated with high levels of anticipatory dental anxiety. Pre-extraction anxiety was significantly related to the temperament and scholastic performance.

The Case for Science Diplomacy in Mongol Eurasia

Kalra Prajakti 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2023 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.14 No.1

This paper considers the concept of science diplomacy in the context of Eurasian history with a particular focus on the period of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. The Mongol Empire held sway over much of Eurasia and thus participated in diplomatic activity within and outside of Mongol domains. Scientists and intellectuals routinely headed diplomatic embassies sent and received by the Mongol Empire. Diplomats were valued for their knowledge and skills and served as interlocutors and translators for the Mongol Khans. These scientist-diplomats were key figures in the court and were essential in facilitating exchanges, building connections and fostering relations. As polyglots and polymaths they were able to operate in a multi-cultural environment. They were part of the complex framework of the Mongol Empire that brought to bear a kind of Eurasian development model that relied on expertise, knowledge and resources that could be utilised across the empire. Set within this context, the paper describes the creation of a politico-science complex in Mongol Eurasia with a special emphasis on the relationship between the Mongol Khans and their partners, chief among them were scientists and intellectuals. The Mongol Empire as an empire built upon exchanges summarises how scientific exchanges were both a product of and a driver for diplomatic relations in this period. Thus, the historical connection between diplomacy and science in Eurasia is a necessary component in understanding the modern notion of science diplomacy beyond a European context and applied more globally both in terms of time and space.

Transfer pricing practices in multinational corporations and their effects on developing countries' tax revenue: a systematic literature review

Kalra Akash,Afzal Munshi Naser Ibne 경희대학교 글로벌 통상·금융연구원 2023 International Trade, Politics and Development Vol.7 No.3

For many global firms and corporate oligopolies, transfer pricing is essential. The transfer pricing literature as it is currently written is succinctly summarized in this study. The authors offer a thorough analysis of transfer pricing research in this study. This review sheds light on the top researchers, approaches, conclusions, theoretical and empirical gaps, and upcoming issues of transfer pricing research over the previous nine years through a methodical analysis of 29 research publications from the Scopus database (2014–2022). To help graduate students pursue further degrees in this area, such as a master's, thesis or PhD, this study will highlight five research issues.This essay looks at five significant areas of tax avoidance and transfer pricing research. Some of these issues include determining the impact of transfer pricing regulations on various types of multinational corporations, assessing the effectiveness of transfer pricing regulations in preventing tax evasion, examining various policy options and determining the impact of transfer pricing on other economic outcomes using a systematic literature review.The findings of this review demonstrate the need for transfer pricing research to look more closely at transfer pricing as a tool for business in addition to compliance and tax management.This analysis concludes with future directions for transfer pricing research.

Controlling Nanoparticle Location via Confined Assembly in Electrospun Block Copolymer Nanofibers

Kalra, Vibha,Lee, Jinwoo,Lee, Jung Hun,Lee, Seung Goo,Marquez, Manuel,Wiesner, Ulrich,Joo, Yong Lak WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Small Vol.4 No.11

<P>Coaxial nanofibers with poly(styrene-block-isoprene) (PS-b-PI)/magnetite nanoparticles as core and silica as shell are fabricated using electrospinning.1–4 Thermally stable silica helps to anneal the fibers above the glass transition temperature of PS-b-PI and form ordered nanocomposite morphologies. Monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles (NPs; 4 nm) are synthesized and surface coated with oleic acid to provide marginal selectivity towards an isoprene domain. When 4 wt% nanoparticles are added to symmetric PS-b-PI, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of microtomed electrospun fibers reveal that NPs are uniformly dispersed only in the PI domain, and that the confined lamellar assembly in the form of alternate concentric rings of PS and PI is preserved. For 10 wt% NPs, a morphology transition is seen from concentric rings to a co-continuous phase with NPs again uniformly dispersed in the PI domains. No aggregates or loss of PI selectivity is found in spite of interparticle attraction. Magnetic properties are measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and all nanocomposite fiber samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The first ever tailored nanofibers with internal confined assembly used as a template to guide nanoparticles are fabricated. The figure shows cross sections of nanofibers with magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in poly(styrene-b-isoprene). The nanoparticles (dark dots) preferentially wet the isoprene domain (dark regions) due to specific surface chemistry. Scale bar is 200 nm. <img src='wiley_img/16136810-2008-4-11-SMLL200800279-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16136810-2008-4-11-SMLL200800279-content'> </P>

Rotor Material Selection for High-Speed Double Cage Solid Rotor Induction Motor

Kalra Sarika 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.4

This paper presents the effect of various materials on the performance of a 3-phase, 180 kW, 170 Hz, high-speed double cage solid rotor induction motor using ANSYS MAXWELL 2-D software. The double cage rotor has been simulated with different materials for the upper cage and lower cage. It has been observed that in the double cage rotor, both lower cage and upper cage of aluminum is a better choice because it furnishes the large starting torque, lower torque ripple and more value of average torque in comparison to case when lower cage is of copper material and upper cage is of aluminum. The effect of different types of rotor core materials and end ring materials on motor performance has also been analyzed and the material, M19_24G, has been found an improved choice compared to other rotor core materials owing to production of higher average torque with lower value of torque ripple. For end ring material, BeCu, has been discovered the better choice because it renders the highest starting torque and better power factor without compromising the mechanical strength of the motor.

Loeffler Endocarditis: A Diagnosis Made with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Dinesh KALRA,Jeffrey Park,Mohamad Hemu,Alan Goldberg 한국심초음파학회 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.27 No.1

Park Hyunhee, Soju: A global history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. 281 pp.

( Prajakti Kalra ) 한국과학사학회 2021 한국과학사학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Correlation of Patient Weight and Cross-Sectional Dimensions with Subjective Image Quality at Standard Dose Abdominal CT

MannudeepK.Kalra,MichaelM.Maher,SrinivasaR.Prasad,M.SikandarHayat,MichaelA.Blake,JoseVarghese,ElkanF.Halpern,SanjaySaini 대한영상의학회 2003 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.4 No.4

Objective: We evaluated the association between patients' weight and abdominal cross-sectional dimensions and CT image quality. Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 39 cancer patients aged more than 65 years with multislice CT scan of abdomen. All patients underwent equilibrium phase contrast-enhanced abdominal CT with 4 slices (from top of the right kidney) obtained at standard tube current (240 280 mA). All other scanning parameters were held constant. Patients' weight was measured just prior to the study. Cross-sectional abdominal dimensions such as circumference, area, average anterior abdominal wall fat thickness and, anteroposterior and transverse diameters were measured in all patients. Two subspecialty radiologists reviewed randomized images for overall image quality of abdominal structures using 5- point scale. Non-parametric correlation analysis was performed to determine the association of image quality with patients' weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions. Results: A statistically significant negative linear correlation of 0.46, 0.47, 0.47, 0.58, 0.56, 0.54, and 0.56 between patient weight, anterior abdominal fat thickness, anteroposterior and transverse diameter, circumference, cross-sectional area and image quality at standard scanning parameters was found (p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a significant association between image quality, patients' weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions. Maximum transverse diameter of the abdomen has the strongest association with subjective image quality.

Childhood diabetes in India

Sanjay Kalra,Mudita Dhingra 대한소아내분비학회 2018 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.23 No.3

This review describes the epidemiology of childhood diabetes in India. It focuses on the incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes and its complications and comorbid conditions. The review also covers data related to type 2 diabetes, glucose intolerance, and monogenic diabetes from India. A brief discussion regarding unique contributions from India to the world literature is included. The topics discussed include use of camel milk as adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes, relevance of the A1/A2 hypothesis, and comprehensive clinico-etiopathological classification of type 1 diabetes.