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Nakajima, K.,Yin, X.,Takei, Y.,Seog, D.H.,Homma, N.,Hirokawa, N. Cell Press 2012 Neuron Vol.76 No.5
KIF5 (also known as kinesin-1) family members, consisting of KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C, are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that are important for neuronal function. Among the KIF5s, KIF5A is neuron specific and highly expressed in the central nervous system. However, the specific roles of KIF5A remain unknown. Here, we established conditional Kif5a-knockout mice in which KIF5A protein expression was postnatally suppressed in neurons. Epileptic phenotypes were observed by electroencephalogram abnormalities in knockout mice because of impaired GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor (GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R)-mediated synaptic transmission. We also identified reduced cell surface expression of GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R in knockout neurons. Importantly, we identified that KIF5A specifically interacted with GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R-associated protein (GABARAP) that is known to be involved in GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R trafficking. KIF5A regulated neuronal surface expression of GABA<SUB>A</SUB>Rs via an interaction with GABARAP. These results provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of KIF5A, which regulate inhibitory neural transmission.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect on Myopia Progression Control for Children and Adolescents in Korea
Hye-Won Park,Tae-Hun Kim 대한시과학회 2020 대한시과학회지 Vol.22 No.3
목적 : 국내 소아 및 청소년의 근시 진행 억제에 대한 효과를 축적한 연구물을 종합하여 확인하고 비교 분석하 여 근시 진행 억제를 위한 임상적 의미를 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국내 소아 및 청소년을 대상으로 근시 진행 억제를 위해 ‘아트로핀(atropine)’, ‘각막굴절교정렌즈(orthokeratology lens)’, ‘근시억제렌즈(myopia control lens)’를 수행한 연구를 수집하였다. 체계적으로 메타분석을 실시하기 위해 PICO 기준으로 검색하여 최종 11편을 선정하였다. RoBANS 도구를 사용하여 질 평가를 하였으며 개별 연구들의 효과크기를 산출하고 효과크기 차이를 검증하기 위해 메타ANOVA를 실시하였다. 결과 : 근시 진행 억제에 대한 메타분석을 실시한 결과 전체 효과 크기는 –0.41 D으로 나타났다. 근시 진행 억 제에 대한 하위 분석 효과 크기 결과 ‘각막굴절교정렌즈’ -0.50 D, ‘근시억제렌즈’ -0.37 D으로 유의한 차이를 보 여 근시 진행 억제를 확인할 수 있었으며, ‘아트로핀’ -0.32 D였으며 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 근시 진행 억 제 방법에 대한 메타ANOVA 결과 방법들 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 근시 진행을 억제하기 위해 방법들 간에 큰 차이는 없지만 부작용이 없고 장기간 지속할 수 있는 방법을 선택해야 할 것이다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide a clinical implication for myopia progression control by synthesizing, comparing and analyzing the studies that have been accumulated effects on myopia progression control of children and adolescents in Korea. Methods : This study collected studies in which myopia progression control was investigated as interventions such as ‘atropine’, ‘orthokeratology lens’, and ‘myopia control lens’ for children and adolescents in Korea. For systematic meta-analysis, 11 studies were finally selected after literature search based on the PICO criteria. It was to be evaluated qualitatively using the tools RoBANS, and metaANOVA was performed to calculate effect size of individual studies and to verify the difference in effect size. Results : The meta-analysis showed that myopia progression control had an effect size, with a total effect size of –0.41 D. As a result of the sub-analysis effect size for myopia progression control, ‘orthokeratology lens’ -0.50 D and ‘myopia control lens’ -0.37 D were shown and significant differences between them were found. The control of myopia progression control was confirmed, which was ‘atropine’ -0.32 D, showing that no significant difference was found. MetaANOVA for myopia progression control showed no difference between the methods. Conclusion : There is no significant difference between the methods to control myopia progression, but it would be necessary to choose a method that has no side effects and to last for a long time.
A. Ya. Faenov,Y. Fukuda,T. A. Pikuz,M. Kando,H. Kotaki,T. Homma,K. Kawase,T. Kameshima,I. Daito,Y. Hayashi,H. Sakaki,P. Bolton,A. Pirozhkov,A. Yogo,M. Tampo,T. Nakamura,M. Mori,K. Ogura,T. Kawachi,H. 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1
The interaction of short intense laser pulses with clusters enhanced the absorption of the incident laser light compared to solid targets. Due to the increased absorption, these targets are heated significantly, leading to enhanced emission of X-rays and generation of multiply charged ions with kinetic energies from tens of keV to tens of MeV. Possible applications of these targets include an X-ray source for microscopy or lithography and an ion source for table-top accelerators. The recent results obtained in Kansai Photon Science Institute for the short, moderate intensity, ~5 × 1017W/cm2, laser pulses interactions with large clusters, are presented. Applications of a femtosecondlaser-plasma cluster-based source for different types of nanostructure imaging are discussed.