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Gender Role Stereotyping in Hong Kong's Primary School Chinese Language Subject Textbooks
W.K.LAW, Kenneth,H.N.CHAN, Annie Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.1
This paper reports on a content analysis of Chinese Language textbooks used in primary schools in Hong Kong, published during the period 1995 to 2000. We examine the extent of gender stereotyping evident from the pictures in these textbooks, in terms of the proportion of male and female characters represented; the settings in which they appear, their portrayal in domestic or non-domestic roles, and the kinds of occupational roles male and female characters were portrayed in. A total of 5,180 pictures in our sample of 108 textbooks have been analyzed and our findings indicate that gender stereotyping in these four areas is still common. However, when compared with the findings of previous studies, we found that the extent of gender stereotyping has reduced to some extent.
Global Instability of Elliptical Hollow Section Beam-columns under Compression and Biaxial Bending
K. H. Law,L. Gardner 한국강구조학회 2013 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.13 No.4
The global instability of elliptical hollow section members under combined compression plus biaxial bending is studied inthis paper by means of laboratory testing and numerical simulations. A total of 9 beam-column tests were carried out underdifferent combinations of compression and bending about both principal axes. The material properties of the tested sectionswere determined by means of tensile coupon tests. All tested elliptical hollow sections were EHS 150×75×5, and three nominalmember lengths of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m were considered. Graphs of applied load versus mid-span bending moment, based ontheoretical first and second order elastic considerations and the experimental second order inelastic response, are presented anddescribed. Numerical models were initially validated against the experimental data using measured material and geometricproperties, including imperfections. The models were subsequently employed in parametric studies to assess the influence ofmember slenderness and cross-sectional aspect ratio on the structural response. Finally, based on the experimental andnumerical findings, design rules for hot-finished EHS beam-columns were assessed and statistically verified.
Gender Role Stereotyping in Hong Kong’s Primary School Chinese Language Subject Textbooks
Kenneth W. K. LAW,Annie H. N. CHAN 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.1
This paper reports on a content analysis of Chinese Language text- books used in primary schools in Hong Kong, published during the period 1995 to 2000. We examine the extent of gender stereotyping evident from the pictures in these textbooks, in terms of the propor- tion of male and female characters represented; the settings in which they appear, their portrayal in domestic or non-domestic roles, and the kinds of occupational roles male and female characters were portrayed in. A total of 5,180 pictures in our sample of 108 textbooks have been analyzed and our findings indicate that gender stereotyping in these four areas is still common. However, when compared with the findings of previous studies, we found that the extent of gender stereotyping has reduced to some extent.
Ni, Y.Q.,Li, B.,Lam, K.H.,Zhu, D.P.,Wang, Y.,Lynch, J.P.,Law, K.H. Techno-Press 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.7 No.2
As a testbed for various structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies, a super-tall structure - the 610 m-tall Guangzhou Television and Sightseeing Tower (GTST) in southern China - is currently under construction. This study aims to explore state-of-the-art wireless sensing technologies for monitoring the ambient vibration of such a super-tall structure during construction. The very nature of wireless sensing frees the system from the need for extensive cabling and renders the system suitable for use on construction sites where conditions continuously change. On the other hand, unique technical hurdles exist when deploying wireless sensors in real-life structural monitoring applications. For example, the low-frequency and low-amplitude ambient vibration of the GTST poses significant challenges to sensor signal conditioning and digitization. Reliable wireless transmission over long distances is another technical challenge when utilized in such a super-tall structure. In this study, wireless sensing measurements are conducted at multiple heights of the GTST tower. Data transmission between a wireless sensing device installed at the upper levels of the tower and a base station located at the ground level (a distance that exceeds 443 m) is implemented. To verify the quality of the wireless measurements, the wireless data is compared with data collected by a conventional cable-based monitoring system. This preliminary study demonstrates that wireless sensing technologies have the capability of monitoring the low-amplitude and low-frequency ambient vibration of a super-tall and slender structure like the GTST.
Y.Q. Ni,B. Li,K.H. Lam,D.P. Zhu,Y. Wang,J.P. Lynch,K.H. Law 국제구조공학회 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.7 No.2
As a testbed for various structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies, a super-tall structure –the 610 m-tall Guangzhou Television and Sightseeing Tower (GTST) in southern China – is currently under construction. This study aims to explore state-of-the-art wireless sensing technologies for monitoring the ambient vibration of such a super-tall structure during construction. The very nature of wireless sensing frees the system from the need for extensive cabling and renders the system suitable for use on construction sites where conditions continuously change. On the other hand, unique technical hurdles exist when deploying wireless sensors in real-life structural monitoring applications. For example, the low-frequency and lowamplitude ambient vibration of the GTST poses significant challenges to sensor signal conditioning and digitization. Reliable wireless transmission over long distances is another technical challenge when utilized in such a super-tall structure. In this study, wireless sensing measurements are conducted at multiple heights of the GTST tower. Data transmission between a wireless sensing device installed at the upper levels of the tower and a base station located at the ground level (a distance that exceeds 443 m) is implemented. To verify the quality of the wireless measurements, the wireless data is compared with data collected by a conventional cable-based monitoring system. This preliminary study demonstrates that wireless sensing technologies have the capability of monitoring the low-amplitude and low-frequency ambient vibration of a super-tall and slender structure like the GTST.
A DNS study of self-accelerating cylindrical hydrogen-air flames with detailed chemistry
Xin, Y.X.,Yoo, C.S.,Chen, J.H.,Law, C.K. Elsevier 2015 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol.35 No.1
The self-accelerating expanding cylindrical stoichiometric hydrogen-air flames at eight atmospheres were studied via two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations with detailed chemistry. The flame morphology and propagation were finely resolved by the application of a time step of 2.5ns and a grid size of 4μm. Temporally, the intermittent propagation of the flame front is captured through examining its propagation velocity. Spatially, the flame front is found to be comprised of segments exhibiting similar propagation properties, i.e. the intermittent instantaneous propagation of the flame front is attributed to the development of cellular structures induced by hydrodynamic instability. The long-term average propagation velocity of the flame front is described by a power law, with a self-acceleration exponent of 1.22 for the flame radius with respect to time. The increase in the global flame velocity is shown to be primarily a consequence of increased flame surface area, with the local front propagation velocity remaining largely at the constant laminar flame speed for the near-unity Lewis number mixture studied herein.
Real-time structural damage detection using wireless sensing and monitoring system
Lu, Kung-Chun,Loh, Chin-Hsiung,Yang, Yuan-Sen,Lynch, Jerome P.,Law, K.H. Techno-Press 2008 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.4 No.6
A wireless sensing system is designed for application to structural monitoring and damage detection applications. Embedded in the wireless monitoring module is a two-tier prediction model, the auto-regressive (AR) and the autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX), used to obtain damage sensitive features of a structure. To validate the performance of the proposed wireless monitoring and damage detection system, two near full scale single-story RC-frames, with and without brick wall system, are instrumented with the wireless monitoring system for real time damage detection during shaking table tests. White noise and seismic ground motion records are applied to the base of the structure using a shaking table. Pattern classification methods are then adopted to classify the structure as damaged or undamaged using time series coefficients as entities of a damage-sensitive feature vector. The demonstration of the damage detection methodology is shown to be capable of identifying damage using a wireless structural monitoring system. The accuracy and sensitivity of the MEMS-based wireless sensors employed are also verified through comparison to data recorded using a traditional wired monitoring system.