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Gender Role Stereotyping in Hong Kong's Primary School Chinese Language Subject Textbooks
W.K.LAW, Kenneth,H.N.CHAN, Annie Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.1
This paper reports on a content analysis of Chinese Language textbooks used in primary schools in Hong Kong, published during the period 1995 to 2000. We examine the extent of gender stereotyping evident from the pictures in these textbooks, in terms of the proportion of male and female characters represented; the settings in which they appear, their portrayal in domestic or non-domestic roles, and the kinds of occupational roles male and female characters were portrayed in. A total of 5,180 pictures in our sample of 108 textbooks have been analyzed and our findings indicate that gender stereotyping in these four areas is still common. However, when compared with the findings of previous studies, we found that the extent of gender stereotyping has reduced to some extent.
Use of vibration characteristics to predict the axial deformation of columns
H.N. Praveen Moragaspitiya,David P. Thambiratnam,Nimal J. Perera,Tommy H.T. Chan 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.50 No.1
Vibration characteristics of columns are influenced by their axial loads. Numerous methods have been developed to quantify axial load and deformation in individual columns based on their natural frequencies. However, these methods cannot be applied to columns in a structural framing system as the natural frequency is a global parameter of the entire framing system. This paper presents an innovative method to quantify axial deformations of columns in a structural framing system using its vibration characteristics, incorporating the influence of load tributary areas, boundary conditions and load migration among the columns.
Use of vibration characteristics to predict the axial deformation of columns
Moragaspitiya, H.N. Praveen,Thambiratnam, David P.,Perera, Nimal J.,Chan, Tommy H.T. Techno-Press 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.50 No.1
Vibration characteristics of columns are influenced by their axial loads. Numerous methods have been developed to quantify axial load and deformation in individual columns based on their natural frequencies. However, these methods cannot be applied to columns in a structural framing system as the natural frequency is a global parameter of the entire framing system. This paper presents an innovative method to quantify axial deformations of columns in a structural framing system using its vibration characteristics, incorporating the influence of load tributary areas, boundary conditions and load migration among the columns.
Mechanical model of an arched basilar membrane in the gerbil cochlea
Chan, W.X.,Lee, S.H.,Kim, N.,Shin, C.S.,Yoon, Y.J. Elsevier/North-Holland,Biomedical Press 2017 Hearing research Vol.345 No.-
<P>The frequency selectivity of a gerbil cochlea, unlike other mammals, does not depend on varying thickness and width of its basilar membrane from the basal to the apical end. We model the gerbil arched basilar membrane focusing on the radial tension, embedded fiber thickness, and the membrane arch, which replace the functionality of the variation in thickness and width. The model is verified with the previous gerbil cochlea model which estimated the equivalent basilar membrane thickness and is shown to be more accurate than the flat sandwiched basilar membrane model. The simple sinusoidal-shaped bending mode assumption in previous models is found to be valid in the present model with < 12% error. Parametric study on the present model shows that fiber thickness contribution to the membrane stiffness is close to the 3rd order, higher than the 1st order estimation of previous models. We found that the effective Young's modulus of the fiber bundle is at least 6 orders higher than the shear modulus of the soft-cells and the membrane radial bending stiffness is more sensitive to the membrane arch and the shear modulus of the soft-cells near the apical end. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Brian N. Dang,Allison C. Hu,Anthony A. Bertrand,Candace H. Chan,Nirbhay S. Jain,Miles J. Pfaff,James C. Lee,Justine C. Lee 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.1
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this two-part series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.
Pejnovic, N.,Vratimos, A.,Lee, S.H.,Popadic, D.,Takeda, K.,Akira, S.,Chan, W.L. Pergamon Press 2009 Molecular immunology Vol.47 No.1
Recent reports show T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases formerly categorized as Th1-mediated disorders. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) induces Th1 cells to produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) which is proatherogenic, while cholesterol causes atherosclerosis and stimulates intact rat aortae to produce prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), a strong regulator of IL-23 that expands Th17. We wanted to test whether Th17 is proatherogenic and whether cholesterol can induce the alternative Th17 pathway in IL-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP>) mice that have reduced Th1 cells, if they are fed high-cholesterol diet. IL-18<SUP>+/+</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> and IL-18<SUP>-/-</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice aged 5 weeks were fed high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and control littermates of IL-18<SUP>-/-</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> low-cholesterol diet (LCD) for 12 weeks. At termination, cryosectioned aortic arches were stained for lesion measurement and immunohistochemistry. We found that serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in IL-18<SUP>-/-</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice on HCD and they also had significantly increased atherosclerosis compared with 18<SUP>+/+</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice or IL-18<SUP>-/-</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice on LCD. Increased atherosclerosis correlates with enhanced Th17-cells, IL-23-producing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and macrophages, and thin fibrous cap in lesions, the morphology indicative of unstable plaques prone to rupture. In vitro, cholesterol significantly enhances VSMCs explanted from IL-18<SUP>-/-</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> but not IL-18<SUP>+/+</SUP>ApoE<SUP>-/-</SUP> aorta to produce IL-23 and homocysteine mediates secretion. This study suggests that in IL-18 deficiency, cholesterol in HCD synergize mechanistically with homocysteine to accelerate atherosclerosis via the alternative IL-23/Th17 pathway, demonstrating a new role for Th17 in atherosclerosis.
Dang, Brian N.,Hu, Allison C.,Bertrand, Anthony A.,Chan, Candace H.,Jain, Nirbhay S.,Pfaff, Miles J.,Lee, James C.,Lee, Justine C. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.5
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) incorporates aesthetic and craniofacial surgical principles and techniques to feminize masculine facial features and facilitate gender transitioning. A detailed understanding of the defining male and female facial characteristics is essential for success. In this first part of a two-part series, we discuss key aspects of the general preoperative consultation that should be considered when evaluating the prospective facial feminization patient. Assessment of the forehead, orbits, hairline, eyebrows, eyes, and nose and the associated procedures, including scalp advancement, supraorbital rim reduction, setback of the anterior table of the frontal sinus, rhinoplasty, and soft tissue modifications of the upper and midface are discussed. In the second part of this series, bony manipulation of the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty are discussed. Finally, a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS is provided.