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임순길,김정수 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this research is to sort region of injury of game, kind, time and season in type and examine closely the cause and get basis data that can help to suitable recovery after courtesy call and control and judo athlete s injury analyzing their injury and prevent accident beforehand. Also, it relieve fear because judo athlete play judo match that have grasping correctly each single person's injury region and kind when they wish to apply these result in the ability playing in the match elevation and , at the same time, it suggest right control and so that can guide present. Target of this research got following conclusion as result that collect data according to established formality and analyze drafting questionnaire connected with exercise injury that is used by research of Park, Choon-woo(1998), Park, Hee-gab(1997), Kim, Sung-sil(1995), Nho, Jang-chul(l995) etc. to 140 people all by 97 men, 43 women among judo athletes who are belonged in the Kyonggi Province Y University. First, the region that men and women judo athlete wound injury, leg and arm, is dominated more than whole 60%, and trunk is expose by order of head part. Injury region by distinction of sex expressed difference that keep in mind head region, but difference that trunk, arm and leg region keep in mind did not appear. Man was exposed by order of neck, face, head etc. in head region, but woman expressed difference that keep in mind by neck of a stalk of grain, head, order of face and so on. Second, in the kind of injury by distinction of sex, muscle and tendon injury was the highest both men and women and exposed by order of joint, skin, bone, nerve. In injury kind by distinction of sex, difference did not appear in the muscle, bone, nerve, joint, skin and all kinds. Third, when men and women judo athlete practice exercise, they can wound injury easily and winter is the highest season for athlete to get injury easily. As appear in this research, leading person who provoke difference of the occurrence rate of injury could be particular mostly. Therefore, it is thought that can prevent as well as deteriorate the rate of incidence by removing specific injury factor.
Kim, Kyung-A,Kim, Jong-Chan,Ko, Hoan-Uck,Lee, Jung-Bock,Kim, Young-Sug,Park, Yong-Bae,Lee, Myung-Jin,Kim, Myung-Gill,Kim, Jae-Kwan,Park, Eun-Mi 대한미생물학회 2008 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.38 No.2
The integrated cell culture-PCR (ICC-PCR) method has been suggested as an improved method for detection of viruses in water environments. We tested 57 source waters including finished water samples in Gyeonggi-do for enteric viral contamination using total culturable virus assay (TCVA) using BGMK cells and ICC-PCR. Nineteen of the 57 source water samples (33.3%) exhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) on BGMK cells and no finished water did exhibited CPE. Nineteen samples (33.3%) of the 57 were positive for reoviruses. For the enteroviruses, only 3 samples (5.3%) of the 57 samples showed positive results. By using ICC-PCR method, 202 flasks from source water samples were positive for enteroviruses and reoviruses. Three samples from source water were positive for both viruses. However, any flasks tested was not co-infected with two types of viruses. While the enteric viral frequencies in TCVA and ICC-PCR were similar, the viral frequency for reoviruses at first passage in two type of method was higher in ICC-PCR (94.7%) than TCVA (56.9%).
Highly efficient and bending durable perovskite solar cells: toward a wearable power source
Kim, Byeong Jo,Kim, Dong Hoe,Lee, Yoo-Yong,Shin, Hee-Won,Han, Gill Sang,Hong, Jung Sug,Mahmood, Khalid,Ahn, Tae Kyu,Joo, Young-Chang,Hong, Kug Sun,Park, Nam-Gyu,Lee, Sangwook,Jung, Hyun Suk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.8 No.3
<P>Perovskite solar cells are promising candidates for realizing an efficient, flexible, and lightweight energy supply system for wearable electronic devices. For flexible perovskite solar cells, achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) while using a low-temperature technology for the fabrication of a compact charge collection layer is a critical issue. Herein, we report on a flexible perovskite solar cell exhibiting 12.2% PCE as a result of the employment of an annealing-free, 20 nm thick, amorphous, compact TiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> layer deposited by atomic layer deposition. The excellent performance of the cell was attributed to fast electron transport, verified by time-resolved photoluminescence and impedance studies. The PCE remained the same down to 0.4 sun illumination, as well as to a 45° tilt to incident light. Mechanical bending of the devices worsened device performance by only 7% when a bending radius of 1 mm was used. The devices maintained 95% of the initial PCE after 1000 bending cycles for a bending radius of 10 mm. Degradation of the device performance by the bending was the result of crack formation from the transparent conducting oxide layer, demonstrating the potential of the low-temperature-processed TiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> layer to achieve more efficient and bendable perovskite solar cells, which becomes closer to a practical wearable power source.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We report annealing-free compact TiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> layer by atomic layer deposition for high efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells, and maintained 95% of the initial PCE after 1000 bending cycles with 10 mm bending radius. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4ee02441a'> </P>
Bee venom inhibits hepatic fibrosis through suppression of pro-fibrogenic cytokine expression.
Kim, Soo-Jung,Park, Ji-Hyun,Kim, Kyung-Hyun,Lee, Woo-Ram,Chang, Young-Chae,Park, Kwan-Kyu,Lee, Kwang-Gill,Han, Sang-Mi,Yeo, Joo-Hong,Pak, Sok Cheon Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2010 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.38 No.5
<P>Bee venom (BV) has a long tradition of use for the control of pain and inflammation in various chronic diseases. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) is known to induce hepatotoxicity after being metabolized to the highly reactive trichloromethyl free radical and its peroxy radical. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether BV regulates the pro-inflammation and fibrosis related genes against a mouse model of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) and ethanol-treated hepatocytes (ETH). Test mice were administered with CCl(4) (2 ml/mg) and hepatocytes were treated with 25 mM ethanol. BV was added to the final concentration of 0.05-0.5 mg/kg and 1-100 ng/ml for in vivo and in vitro testing, respectively. Fibrotic livers and ETH were used for the measurement of hepatocyte necrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic genes. BV suppressed CCl(4)-induced hepatocyte necrosis markers of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). It also inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Moreover, BV inhibited CCl(4)-induced expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin. Similarly, ETH exhibited significant suppression of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 and fibronectin when cultured with BV. These results suggest that BV possesses anti-fibrogenic properties that are mediated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic gene expression. BV has substantial therapeutic potential for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.</P>
Modification of the characteristics of silkworm powder by treatment with alkaline protease
Kim, Sung-Kuk,Jo, You-Young,Lee, Kwang-Gill,Kim, Hyun-Bok,Kim, Yong Soon,Ju, Wan-Taek,Jung, Da-Eun,Kweon, HaeYong Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2015 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.31 No.1
Enzymatic modification of proteins is often used to increase the biological activity of materials. Silkworm powder has been investigated as a functional food resource, but no study has been performed on its modification by commercial food enzyme. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the feasibility of such modification of silkworm powder by alkaline protease. The activity of the enzyme was confirmed using an azocasein assay. Subsequently the silkworm powder was hydrolyzed by enzymatic treatment. UV visible spectrometry showed that the supernatant of silkworm powder subjected to enzymatic treatment had a stronger absorption band than the untreated powder. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of silkworm powder decreased on enzymatic treatment. Thus the results indicate that commercial enzymes might be used to modify the characteristics of silkworm powder.
Suppressive effects of bee venom on the immune responses in collagen-induced arthritis in rats
Kim, Kyung-Woon,Shin, Yong-Seung,Kim, Kap-Sung,Chang, Young-Chae,Park, Kwan-Kyu,Park, Jae-Bok,Choe, Jung-Yoon,Lee, Kwang-Gill,Kang, Mi-Suk,Park, Young-Guk,Kim, Cheorl-Ho Elsevier 2008 Phytomedicine Vol.15 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effect of bee venom (BVA) on the development of type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats has been studied. Male rats were immunized with an emulsion of 200μg of CII and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The rats were then given intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection of a suspension of BVA or saline during the experiment. The effect of BVA on cellular responses to CII was examined. In the control rats, the onset of arthritis was observed at the 24th day after the CII-immunization, and the severity of CIA was developed gradually. As compared with rats treated with saline, BVA i.p. injected at doses of more than 20μl/100g mouse once a day for 14 days inhibited the ability of inguinal lymph node cells to produce T cell cytokines interleukin-1<I>β</I>, -2, -6, tumor necrosis factor-<I>α</I> and interferon-<I>γ</I> when the cells were obtained from rats 24 days after immunization and cultured <I>in vitro</I> with CII. When rats were injected i.p. with sheep red blood cells, hemagglutination titers in BVA-treated and control rats did not differ significantly when low doses of BVA was given to rats. However, i.p. injection of BVA at doses of more than 10μl/100g/day suppressed antibody production. Pretreatment of rats with BVA could inhibit the development of collagen arthritis even when 10–20μl/100g/day of the BVA were used for pretreatment. Interestingly, higher doses than 10μlBVA/100g mouse were much effective for arthritis incidence. Treatment of rats with BVA prevented the development of collagen arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. Doses of BVA (15 and 20μl/100g) resulted in decreased incidence of arthritis. In conclusion, therapeutic i.p injection with BVA improved the clinical course of the disease and the immune response to CII.</P>