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Cortical Thickness Reduction in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis
Jung, Wi Hoon,Kim, June Sic,Jang, Joon Hwan,Choi, Jung-Seok,Jung, Myung Hun,Park, Ji-Young,Han, Ji Yeon,Choi, Chi-Hoon,Kang, Do-Hyung,Chung, Chun Kee,Kwon, Jun Soo Oxford University Press 2011 Schizophrenia bulletin Vol.37 No.4
Reduced cortical folding of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Shim, Geumsook,Jung, Wi Hoon,Choi, Jung-Seok,Jung, Myung Hun,Jang, Joon Hwan,Park, Ji-Young,Choi, Chi-Hoon,Kang, Do-Hyung,Kwon, Jun Soo Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience] 2009 Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience Vol.34 No.6
<P>BACKGROUND: Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) abnormalities have been implicated consistently in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet it remains unclear whether these abnormalities originated during early neurodevelopment. In this study, we examined the ACC sulcal/gyral patterns to investigate whether neurodevelopmental anomalies of the ACC were present in patients with OCD. We hypothesized that patients with OCD would show reduced cortical folding of the ACC compared with controls. METHODS: We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 169 healthy volunteers and 110 patients with OCD to examine the paracingulate sulcus and cingulate sulcus. We assessed cortical folding patterns according to established classification criteria and constructed 3 categories of paracingulate sulcus morphology according to its presence and anteroposterior extent: 'prominent,' 'present' and 'absent.' We classified the cingulate sulcus as 'interrupted' or 'continuous' according to the interruptions in its course. In addition, we evaluated ACC sulcal asymmetry based on interhemispheric comparisons of paracingulate sulcus morphology. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that patients with OCD were significantly less likely than controls to show a well-developed left paracingulate sulcus: 50.0% of patients and 65.1% of controls showed a 'prominent' or 'present' paracingulate sulcus in the left hemisphere. However, there were no differences in regard to cingulate sulcus continuity, and patients also showed the same leftward ACC sulcal asymmetry as controls. LIMITATIONS: Our study was limited by the fact that we obtained the MRI scans from 2 different scanners, and we did not calculate cerebral fissurization as our study was restricted to 1 specific brain region. Moreover, patients and controls differed significantly in terms of sex ratio and IQ, although we controlled these variables as covariates. CONCLUSION: Our findings imply a subtle deviation in the early neurodevelopment of the ACC in patients with OCD, but the extent to which these anomalies contributed to the pathogenesis of OCD remains unclear. Further studies that link the ACC morphologic anomalies to the pathophysiology of OCD are recommended.</P>
Lee, Woo-Jung,Yu, Hye-Jung,Wi, Jae-Hyung,Cho, Dae-Hyung,Han, Won Seok,Yoo, Jisu,Yi, Yeonjin,Song, Jung-Hoon,Chung, Yong-Duck American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.34
<P>We fabricated Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (GIGS) solar cells with a chemical bath deposition (CBD)-ZnS buffer layer grown with varying ammonia concentrations in aqueous solution. The solar cell performance was degraded with increasing ammonia concentration, due to actively dissolved Zn atoms during CBD-ZnS precipitation. These formed interfacial defect states, such as hydroxide species in the CBD-ZnS film, and interstitial and antisite Zn defects at the p-n heterojunction. After light/UV soaking, the CIGS solar cell performance drastically improved, with a rise in fill factor. With the Zn-based buffer layer, the light soaking treatment containing blue photons induced a metastable state and enhanced the CIGS solar cell performance. To interpret this effect, we suggest a band structure model of the p-n heterojunction to explain the flow of photocarriers under white light at the initial state, and then after light/UV soaking. The determining factor is a p+ defect layer, containing an amount of deep acceptor traps, located near the GIGS surface. The p+ defect layer easily captures photoexcited electrons, and then when it becomes quasi-neutral, attracts photoexcited holes. This alters the barrier height and controls the photocurrent at the p-n junction, and fill factor values, determining the solar cell performance.</P>
Jang, Joon Hwan,Kim, Jae-Hun,Jung, Wi Hoon,Choi, Jung-Seok,Jung, Myung Hun,Lee, Jong-Min,Choi, Chi-Hoon,Kang, Do-Hyung,Kwon, Jun Soo Elsevier 2010 Neuroscience Letters Vol.474 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Obsessions and compulsions mediated by cognitive inflexibility might be associated with abnormal resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) that represents intrinsically generated neuronal activity. It was hypothesized that decreased functional connectivity in the DMN would occur in components of fronto-subcortical circuits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-two unmedicated OCD patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls received resting state functional scanning runs. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) region was chosen as the seed region for the connectivity analysis. Correlations between temporal connectivity with the seed region and scores on clinical measures and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions were also assessed. OCD patients demonstrated less functional connectivity within the DMN in the anterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and putamen compared to controls. The functional connectivity to the PCC seed region in OCD patients was in the direction opposite to that in the prefrontal areas with regard to scores on cleaning and obsessions/checking dimensions of OCD. These data provide evidence for fronto-subcortical dysfunction in OCD. Results from this study also support the notion that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder mediated by distinct circuits.</P>
병적 도박 환자에서의 회백질 부피 변화 분석 : 화소 기반 형태분석 방법을 이용한 예비 연구
최정석,신영철,정위훈,정명훈,장준환,강도형,최치훈,권준수,이준영,Choi, Jung-Seok,Shin, Young-Chul,Jung, Wi Hoon,Jung, Myung Hun,Jang, Joon Hwan,Kang, Do-Hyung,Choi, Chi-Hoon,Kwon, Jun Soo,Lee, Jun-Young 대한생물정신의학회 2009 생물정신의학 Vol.16 No.3
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine structural abnormalities of brain in patients with pathological gambling(PG) using voxel-based morphometry. Methods : We compared gray matter(GM) volumes between 10 patients with PG and 14 age- and IQ-matched healthy controls and examined the relationship of GM volumes with clinical variables in patients with PG. Results : We found significant increase of GM volume in the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, the midbrain, the middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, and the fusiform gyrus of patients with PG. A significant decrease of GM volume was observed in the parahippocampal gyrus and the lingual gyrus of the patient group. In addition, GM volumes in some of these regions were positively associated with South Oaks Gambling Screen score and negatively with age of onset in patients with PG. Conclusion : Current findings indicate that structural abnormalities in the fronto-temporal cortex, the midbrain, and the precuneus might be involved in the pathophysiology of PG, and contribute to some of the behavioral changes observed in patients with PG.
White matter alterations in male patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Ha, Tae Hyon,Kang, Do-Hyung,Park, Jun Sung,Jang, Joon Hwan,Jung, Wi Hoon,Choi, Jung-Seok,Park, Ji-Young,Jung, Myung Hun,Choi, Chi-Hoon,Lee, Jong-Min,Ha, Kyooseob,Kwon, Jun Soo Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 NEUROREPORT - Vol.20 No.7
To investigate white matter abnormalities in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and to clarify the relationship between discrete white matter alterations and obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions, the fractional anisotropy obtained from 25 male patients and 25 matched normal controls were analyzed. The patients had a significantly lower fractional anisotropy in the left anterior cingulate white matter than the controls. When stratified by clinical symptom dimensions, patients with a predominant aggressive/checking symptom dimension exhibited a significantly lower fractional anisotropy in the left anterior cingulate white matter, whereas patients with a predominant contamination/cleaning symptom dimension showed a significantly higher fractional anisotropy in the bilateral prefrontal white matter. Our findings provide evidence that obsessive–compulsive disorder may be a heterogeneous disease with distinct white matter changes.
Jung Young Mi,Wi Wonyoung,Cho Kyu-Dong,Hong Su Jung,Kim Ho Yeon,Ahn Ki Hoon,Hong Soon-Cheol,Kim Hai-Joong,Oh Min-Jeong,Cho Geum Joon 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.5
Background: Maladaptation to vascular, metabolic, and physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to fetal growth disorders. Moreover, adverse outcomes during pregnancy can further increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in mothers. Delivering a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) baby may indicate a pre-existing metabolic dysfunction, whereas delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby may indicate a pre-existing vascular dysfunction. This study aims to assess the risk of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in women with normal body mass index (BMI) scores who did not experience gestational DM or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy based on the offspring’s birthweight. Methods: This retrospective nationwide study included women with normal BMI scores who delivered a singleton baby after 37 weeks. Women with a history of DM or HTN before pregnancy and those with gestational DM or hypertensive disorders, were excluded from the study. We compared the risk of future maternal outcomes (HTN and DM) according to the offspring’s birthweight. Multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the future risk of HTN or DM. Results: A total of 64,037 women were included in the analysis. Of these, women who delivered very LGA babies (birthweight > 97th percentile) were at a higher risk of developing DM than those who delivered appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) babies (adjusted HR = 1.358 [1.068–1.727]), and women who delivered very SGA babies (birthweight < 3rd percentile) were at a higher risk of developing HTN than those who delivered AGA babies (adjusted HR = 1.431 [1.181–1.734]), even after adjusting for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, fetal sex, maternal BMI score, and a history of smoking. Conclusion: These findings provide a novel support for the use of the offspring’s birthweight as a predictor of future maternal diseases such as HTN and DM.