흰쥐 악하선 세포에서 gap junction 봉쇄제인 octanol이 타액분비 및 세포내 Ca²+ 농도 조절에 미치는 영향

이승일,서정택,이종갑,이주석,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

세포내 유리칼슘(free calcium. Ca²+)은 세균에서 고등동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 세포에서 세포 고유작용을 조절하는 중요한 세포내 신호전달체계(signal transduction system)의 매개체이다. 타액선 세포에서 부교감 신경 자극으로 타액분비가 증가될 때에도 세포내 Ca²+ 농도 증가가 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 췌장(pancreas)의 경우 세포내 Ca²+ 이외에도 인접세포를 전기적, 화학적으로 연결해주는 gap junction이 외분비 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능설이 제시되었다. 타액선 세포에서도 세포막에 고농도의 gap junction이 존재하고 있으며, gap junction을 통해 인접세포들이 전기적, 화학적으로 연계되어 있어 gap junction이 타액선 세포의 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 gap junction이 타액선의 타액분비 작용에도 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 작용이 세포내Ca²+ 농도를 조절하여 이루어질 것이라는 가정하에 이를 확인하는 실험을 시행하였다. 흰쥐 악하선에서 유리되는 타액양을 측정하기 위해서 악하선으로 혈액을 공급하는 동맥에 가는 관을 삽입하여 생리 식염수를 관류하면서 타액선관을 통해 타액을 채취하였다. 세포내Ca²+ 농도는 분리한 악하선 acini 내에Ca²+ 농도 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 형광물질인 fura-2를 축적시키고 형광 분석기를 사용하여 형광강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CCh 투여로 타액 분비가 증가하였을 때 gap junction을 봉쇄하는 약물인 octanol(1 mM)을 투여하면 타액분비가 봉쇄되었으며 이는 가역적 반응이었다. 2. CCh 투여로 세포내 Ca²+ 농도가 증가하였을 때 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 Ca²+농 도가 CCh 투여전의 상태로 감소되었다. 3. Octanol은 CCh에 의하여 유발된 초기Ca²+ 증가를 억제하지는 못한 반면에 후기 vvvvv 농도를 감소시켰다. 4. 세포막 Ca²+ 통로를 열어주는 약물인 thapsigarain(1μM)을 투여하여 세포내Ca²+ 농도를 증가시킨 후 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 Ca²+ 농도가 thapsigarain 투여 전의 상태로 감소하였다. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1, 4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ)의 투여로 세포막을 통한 Ca²+농도의 주기적 변동인Ca²+ 의 oscillation이 유발되었는데, 이때 1mM octanol을 투여한 경우에 Ca²+ 농도의 oscillation이 정지하여 역시 gap juncion을 봉쇄하면 TBQ에 의해서 유발된 세포내 Ca²+ 농도의 주기적 변동이 사라지고 Ca²+ 농도의 감소가 나타남을 확인하였다. 6. Gap junction을 봉쇄하는 또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid(100μM)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 gap junction은 흰쥐 악하선 세포로부터의 타액분비 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 이는 gap junction이 세포막 Ca²+ 통로를 조절함으로써 수용체 자극으로 유발된 세포내 농도 변화에 영향을 미친 결과인 것으로 추측된다. From bacteria to mammalian cells, one of the most important mediators of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms which regulate a variety of intracellular processes is free calcium. In salivary acinar cells, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ( 〔Ca²+〕 ) is essential for the salivary secretion induced by parasympathetic stimulation. However, in addition to〔Ca²+〕, gap junctions which couple individual cells electrically and chemically have also been reported to regulate enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells. Since the plasma membrane of salivary acinar cells has a high density of gap junctions, and these cells are electrically and chemically coupled with each other, gap junctions may modulate the secretory function of salivary glands. In this reapect, I planned to investigate the role of gap junctions in the modulation of salivary secretion and 〔Ca²+〕 using mandibular salivary glands of rats. In order to measure the salivary flow rate, fluid was collected from the cannulated duct of the isolated perfused rat mandibular glands at 2 min intervals.〔Ca²+〕 was measured form the cells loaded with fura-2 by spectrofluorometry. The results obtained were as follows : 1. CCh-induced salivary secretion was reversibly inhibited by 1 mM octanol, a gap junction blocker. 2. CCh-induced increase in 〔Ca²+ 〕was also reversed by the applocation of 1 mM octanol. 3. Octanol did not block the initial increase in 〔Ca²+〕 caused by CCh, which suggested that the reduction of〔Ca²+〕 caused by gap junction blockade was not resulted from the inhibition of Ca²+ release from intracellular Ca²+ stores. 4. Addition of octanol during stimulation with 1μM thapsigargin, a potent microsomal ATPase inhibitor, reduced 〔Ca²+ 〕to the basal level. This suggested that inhibition of gap junction permeability closed plasma membrane Ca²+ channels. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1, 4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ) generated 〔Ca²+ 〕oscillations resulting from periodic influx of Ca²+ via plasma membrane. The TBQ-induced〔Ca²+ 〕 oscillations were stopped by the application of 1mM octanol which implicated that gap junctions modulate the permeability of plasma membrane Ca²+ channels. 6. Glycyrrhetinic acid, another well known gap junction blocker, also inhibited CCh-induced salivary secretion from rat mandibular glands. These results suggested that gap junctions play an important role in the modulation of fluid secretion from the fat mandibular glands and this was probably due to the inhibition ofCa²+ influx through the plasma membrane Ca²+ channels.

수평 매복된 상악 견치의 교정적 견인

최형준,이종은,이제호,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 2003 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

치아 매복은 구강점막이나 악골내에서 치아의 맹출이 중지된 상태를 의미하며, 제 3구대구치와 상악 견치에서 호발한다. 상악 견치의 매복은 주로 측절치가 상실되거나 왜소한 경우와 연관성이 높지만 치배의 위치 이상과 같이 유전적인 요소와도 관련될 수 있다. 매복치는 심미적, 기능적으로 여러 가지 문제점을 야기하므로 조기에 진단하여 치료하는 것이 중요하며, 매복치의 상태에 따라서 치료 방법을 적절하게 선택하여야 한다. 본 증례는 11세 여아에서 구개측으로 수평 매복된 상악 우측 견치의 치료를 보고한 것으로, 매복치는 외과적 수술을 동반한 교정적 견인 방법을 사용하여 기능적, 심미적으로 회복되었다. 견인 치료는 매복 견치의 맹출 공간을 확보하면서 이루어졌으며, 치료 종료 후 매복 견치는 치근 흡수와 같은 합병증 없이 적절한 부착치은을 확보하여 양호하게 위치되었다. Tooth impaction is defined as a cessation of the eruption of a tooth at the level of the oral mucosa or alveolar bone. Maxillary canines are the most frequently impacted teeth next to the third molar. Maxillary canine impaction is associated with congenital missing of lateral incisors, peg lateralis and genetic factors such as ectopic positioning of a tooth germ. The clinicians have an important role in early detectionof tooth impaction for prevention of esthetic and functional problems. There are specific methods to treat impacted tooth for different conditions. In this case, an 11-year-old girl with a horizontally impacted maxillary right canine in a palatal position was treated through orthodontic traction along with surgical button attachment procedure. On regaining of eruption space, canine traction was performed. At the completion of treatment, the canine was positioned fairly within the arch with proper keratinized gingiva and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

상아질 접착제를 사용한 광중합 복합레진과 Glass lonomer Cement의 전단 결합력에 관한 연구

이제호,이종갑,권병렬,최형준 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength of composite resin using several dentin bonding agents and light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC). 40 Bovine primary anterior teeth were used for this experiment.Labial surface of teeth were flattened.It were divided into four groups.Each group was composed of 10 teeth.The material used for this experiment were Scotchbond Multipurpose-Z-100,Allbond 2-Aelitefil,Gluma-Pekalux,light and cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC). Each of the materials was applied to the exposed surface of 10 teeth by insertion into a cylindrical shaped matrix which is 3mm diamiter and 3mm in height. The completed specimens were stored at 37℃ under 100% humidity for 24 hours:the shear bond strength of material to detin surface were measured with INSTRON universal testing machine. The results were as follows: 1.Shear bond strength to detin surface increased in oder of light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC),Gluma,Allbond 2,Scotchbond Multipurpose. 2.Between shear bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC) and Allbond 2,there was statistical significace(P<0.05). 3.Between shear bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC) and Scotchbond Multipurpose,between shear bond strength of Gluma and Scotchbond Multipurpose,there was statistical significace(P<0.01). The shear bond strength of detin bonding agents were higher than light cured glass ionomer cement.The reason is that material and quality of detin bonding agent were enhanced.Further investigation is necessary to improve shear bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement.

Papilloma 에 관한 증례보고

이종갑,최병재,김종태,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

The squamous papilloma is a relatively common benign neoplasm that arises from the surface epithelium. It is typically an exophytic lesion whose surface may vary cauliflower-like to fingerlike in appearance, and while generally being a pedunculated lesion, it may arise from a sessile base. The most common sites of occurrence appear to be on the tongue and palatal complex, followed by the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lips. It is also can be seen with some frequency on the alveolar ridge, floor of the mouth, and retromolar pad regions. Histologically, the papilloma is seen as a proliferation of the spinous cell layer in a papillary pattern often accompanies gyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spinous cell layer in a papillary pattern often acconpanies hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and basilar hyperplasia. Mitotic figures also may be prominent. The supporting fibrous connective-tissue stroma often contains prominent numbers of small blood vessels as well as an inflammatory cell infiltrate. The cause of papilloma is not well known, but suggested that chronic inflammatory irritation, mechanical irritation, and viral infection may be the causes. Recently association with papillomavirus is studied by morphological study, immuno-histochemistry, and DNA hybridization. These three cases were recovered by surgial excision without recurrence. By immunohistochemistry, Case 1 and Case 3 showed positive reaction to HPV antigen.

한국 내륙지방 충주ㆍ중원지역 학동의 치아우식발생빈도에 관한 통계학적 연구

이종갑,정태형 大韓小兒齒科學會 1984 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

1,840 school children aged 6 to 13 years who live in inland area in CHOONG CHUNG BUKDO were surveyed epidemiologically on the dental caries prevalence. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of dental carries was 76.35 percentage in male, 76.15 percentage in female, and 76.25 percentage in both sexes. 2. d.m.f rate was 77.72 percentage in male, 80.07 percentage in female, and 78.86 percentage in both sexes. D.M.F rate was 30.73 percentage in male, 38.52 percentage in female, and 34.51 percentage in both sexes. 3. d.m.f.t. rate and index was 27.94 percentage, 2.55T, and d.m.f.s. rate & index was 13.62 percentage, 6.22T. 4. D.M.F.T rate & index in permanent teeth was 4.86 percentage, 0.72T, and D.M.F.S rate & index was 1.20 percentage, 0.89T. 5. The filling rate was 3.90 percentage in decidious teeth, 2.00 percentage in permanent teeth.

레이저 조사의 치아우식 억제효과에 관한 실험적 연구

이종갑,이상호 大韓小兒齒科學會 1991 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect on demineralization of enamel of initial carious lesion by irradiation of laser. For this study, crowns of extracted human premolar teeth were sectioned sagitally(Mesio-distal and bucco-lingual)and sound buccal or lingual enamel surfaces were selected for experimental specimens, and initial carious lesions were produced artificially using demineralizing solution(STPP,0.1M Lactic acid containing 0.2mM Sodium tripolyphosphate, brought pH to 4.2 with adding sodium hydroxide). For determining the most effective irradiation energy of laser to increase acid-resistance of enamel,120 specimens were irradiated with CO₂ laser under condition of energy density with 10J/㎠,20J/㎠,30J/㎠,40J/㎠ and 50J/㎠.All of those specimens were exposed to 0.5N HClO₄ solution containing 0.5% LaCl₃for 60 seconds for demineralization.Dissolved calcium and phosphate concentration in this solution were determined by the atomic absorption and the U-V spectrophotometer. For evaluation of the inhibitory effect of laser irradiation on enamel demineralization,150 specimens were divided into 2 groups to test microhardness(100 specimens) and observe ultra-structural surface changes(50 specimens)of enamels. It each group, they were divided again into 5 sub-groups as ACL(Artificial carious lesion),Control(No treatment),Group Ⅰ(Laser irradiation only,40J/㎠),Group Ⅱ(Fluoride application only,1.23% APF),and Group Ⅲ(Fluoride application+Laser irradiation).All treated specimens were exposed to STPP solution again for 5 days to produce carious lesion progressively, and then tested microhardness of exposed surface of enamels with microhardness tester and observed ultra-structural surface changes with SEM. The results were as follows: 1.The acid-resistance of initial carious lesions increased significantly when irradiated 30J/㎠ energy and most effective energy of irradiation for increasing acid-resistance were 40J/㎠ and 50J/㎠. 2.Laser irradiation on initial carious lesion was effective for inhibiting caries progression at 20㎛ and 50㎛ in depth. 3.Group Ⅰ(Laser irradiation only,40J/㎠) showed inhibition of caries progression less effective than that of Group Ⅱ(Fluoride application only,1.23% APF)and Group Ⅲ(Fluoride application+Laser irradiation) in 20㎛ depth but 50㎛ in depth all three groups showed same effect. 4.All groups did not show any inhibitory effect of caries progression under 100 ㎛ in depth.

3차원 전산화 단층촬영을 이용한 상악 정중 과잉치의 진단

이종갑,김성오,홍영우,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

저자는 매복된 상악 정중 광잉치를 주소로 내원한 환아를 3차원 전산화 단층촬영술을 이용해 매복된 과잉치의 위치를 파악하였으며 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인접한 영구치에 대한 위해한 영향을 주지 않기 위해 상악 정중 매복 과잉치의 정확한 위치 편별이 요구된다. 2. 3차원 전산화 단층촬영법은 매복 과잉치의 위치판별에 있어서 객관적인 중요한 정보를 제공한다. The prevalence of the supernumerary tooth is 1~4%. It usually occurs in the permanent dentition. It frequently occurs in the maxillary midpalatal area. The presence of the supernumerary tooth causes the following problems;(1) interfering the eruption of successional tooth, (2) displacing the neighboring teeth, (3) resulting large diastema, (4) forming cystic change. So the supernumerary tooth should be remobed as soon as oissuble. To extract the supernumerary tooth, the exact position must be noticed first. Radiographic techniques that were used in the past are tube shift technique, right angle technique, sterioradiography, using radiopaque contrast media and conventional tomography. But these methods include the subjective opinion of the operator. So, a technique eliminating the operator's opinion and showing the position 3-dimentionally can be used. 3-dimentional computed tomography eqipped with dental softwares can show the position of the impated supernumerally tooth in 3-dimentionally position. It has an adzantage to eliminate the subjective opinion of the operator with a fast computer this techenique is done in a relatively short period of time . the data 3-dimentionally. sequential removal of the soft tissue and hard tissue(bone) CT number leaves the teeth alone in 3-dimentional position. The image can be seen from anywhere, so the operator can see the image in front, rear, upper, and lower positions. In both cases 1 and 2 the position of the impacted supernumerary tooth is viewed by the 3-dimensional computed tomography. And it made the operator easy to figureout the exact position.

매복 상악 견치의 맹출 유도에 관한 증례 보고

이종갑,권태희,손홍규,김형태 大韓小兒齒科學會 1993 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Upper cuspid impation is a serious that occurs with sufficient frequency to justify diagnosis and intervention as early as a dental age of 8 years. The maxillary cuspid follows a more difficult and tortuous path of eruption than other tooth. Where upper arch crowding prevents such a tooth from following its normal eruption path, it will diverted either buccally or palatally. The diagnosis of canine impaction is on both clinical and radiographic examinations. When clinician detects early signs of ectopic eruption of canines, an attempt should be made to prevent theier impaction and its potential sequelae. Screening consists of identifying patients who lack a normal cuspid bulge on palpation, with follow-up radiographic evaluation where indicated. Selective removal of deciduous cuspids is a suggested interceptive measure in class Ⅰ uncrowded malocclusions. Each patient with an impacted canine must undergo a comprehensive evaluation of the malocclusion. The clinician should then consider the various treatment options available for the patient. Surgical exposure of the canine and orthodontic treatment to bring the tooth into the line of occlusion is the most desirable approach. After the surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, an auxiliary(button) is attached to the crown. It should be reemphasized that in the surgical exposure of an impacted tooth, only enough bone should be removed to allow for the placement of a bracket and that during the procedure the CEJ should not be intentionally exposed. The removable appliance was designed This applied traction along a desired path of eruption using elastics changed daily Removable appliance seemed to offer more in vertical anchorage than did the fixed appliances. 13 year-old male and 14 year-old female with impacted maxillary canine were treated with surgical exposure and direct traction.

유치 매복에 관한 증례보고

이제호,이종갑,최병재,전승준 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

The term impaction is defined as a tooth has failed to erupt into normal position beyond the time usually expected for such appearance. Most of the cases of unerupted and impacted teeth reported in the literature are of permanent teeth. Impactions of mandibular primary second molars, however, are as numerous as all other primary impactions combined. Early detection of impaction is necessary during periodic oral examination and also radiographic examination and proper management is needed, because impaction of primary tooth may lead to obstruction of successive permanent tooth, space loss, and cystic change of tooth follicle. In these cases, 5 cases of primary teeth impaction are presented. Impaction teeth of each cases are maxillary primary incisor, maxillary and mandibular second primary molar, mandibular first primary molar. Following results were achieved by these cases; 1. In this cases, the cause of primary tooth impaction are abnormal eruption path, odontoma and fibrotic gingiva. 2. In this cases, impaction of primary tooth results in eruption problem of successive permanent tooth and failure of space maintenance. 3. Proper treatment plan should be established after through consideration of impacted tooth and it's relation with successive permanent tooth, and periodic examination and proper treatment about successive permanent tooth and eruptive condition is needed.

Peripheral, soft tissue odontoma에 관한 증례보고

이종갑,최병재,최형준,이광출 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

1. Peripheral odontoma는 매우 드문 질환으로 확진을 위해서는 생검이 필수적이다. 2. Peripheral odontoma는 치은의 종창을 동반하며 서서히 성장하는 임상적 특징을 가진다. 3. 골내 치아종과 마찬가지로 Peripheral odontoma의 치료로는 완전한 외과적 절제가 추천되고 예후 또한 양호하다. Odontomas, hamartomas of odontogenic origin, are composed of all the structures that make up teeth. The WHO distinguishes odontoma into two types. The complex odontoma is defined as "a malformation in which all the dental tissues are represented, individual tissues being mainly well-formed but occurring in a more or less disorderly pattern." The compound odontoma is defined as "a malformation in which all the dental tissues are represented in a more orderly pattern than in the complex odontoma, so, that the lesion consists of many toothlike structures. Most of these structures do not resemble morphologically the teeth of normal dentition, but in each one enamel, dentine, cementum, and pulp are arranged as in the normal tooth." Almost all odontomas are located intraosseously, but they have occasionally been reported in extrabony location. Peripheral or soft tissue odontomas, those arising outside of the alveolar bone, are very rare. Peripheral or soft tissue odontoma are defined as tumors that demonstrate the histologic characteristics of their intraosseous counterparts but occur solely in the soft tissue covering the toothbearing portion of the mandible and maxilla, When they mature, they appear as a radiopaque mass without the peripheral halo. The final diagnosis should be confirmed by biopsy. The origin of peripheral odontoma is probably related to remnants of the dental lamina in the gingiva. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision, similarly to intraosseous odontoma and it does not tend to recur. This report presents a case of 5-year-old boy with swelling on labial gingiva of primary central incisor. And it was diagnosed as peripheral odontoma by excisional biopsy.