Enhanced Production of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid, Bilipigments, and Antioxidants from Tropical Algae of India

Usha Pandey1,Jitendra Pandey 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.3

We studied the enhanced production of high quality biomass, δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA), bilipigments, and antioxidants from five tropical blue green algae (cyanobacteria) in a full factorial design using free and immobilized cells in batch culture. Production of nutraceuticals was high in spray dried powder prepared from immobilized cell cultures. Notochopsis lobatus showed superiority over rest of the species with respect to bilipigments, δ-ALA, nutritive value, antioxidant capacity, and ascorbate oxidase (APX) activity. Antioxidative capacity of phycobiliproteins extracted from these cyanobacteria (121.15 μM TE/g, Nostoc verrucosum to 217.62 μM TE/g, Nostochopsis lobatus) was invariably higher than those observed for higher plant sources and substantially increased under immobilized cell culture condition. Antioxidative enzyme, ascorbate oxidase remained stable in dry food preparations with considerably high activity under immobilized cell preparations (APXmax, 3.40 μmol/min/mg chlorophyll). These observations have important connotations in light of upcoming food and nutraceutical industries in the global market. Use of immobilized cells in batch culture could be an effective approach for scaling up production for commercial use We studied the enhanced production of high quality biomass, δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA), bilipigments, and antioxidants from five tropical blue green algae (cyanobacteria) in a full factorial design using free and immobilized cells in batch culture. Production of nutraceuticals was high in spray dried powder prepared from immobilized cell cultures. Notochopsis lobatus showed superiority over rest of the species with respect to bilipigments, δ-ALA, nutritive value, antioxidant capacity, and ascorbate oxidase (APX) activity. Antioxidative capacity of phycobiliproteins extracted from these cyanobacteria (121.15 μM TE/g, Nostoc verrucosum to 217.62 μM TE/g, Nostochopsis lobatus) was invariably higher than those observed for higher plant sources and substantially increased under immobilized cell culture condition. Antioxidative enzyme, ascorbate oxidase remained stable in dry food preparations with considerably high activity under immobilized cell preparations (APXmax, 3.40 μmol/min/mg chlorophyll). These observations have important connotations in light of upcoming food and nutraceutical industries in the global market. Use of immobilized cells in batch culture could be an effective approach for scaling up production for commercial use

Evaluation of morphological architecture of cellulose chains in grass during conversion from macro to nano dimensions

Pandey, Jitendra K.,Kim, Chung-Soo,Chu, Won-Shik,Lee, Caroline S.,Jang, Dong-Young,Ahn, Sung-Hoon De Gruyter 2009 E-Polymers Vol.9 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) are of imminent importance in the development of ecofriendly green material for environment. Morphological study of their structure was carried out after extraction from grass. The controlled alkali and acid hydrolysis after soxhlet extraction of bleached fiber in ethanol and water provided a mixture of micro/nano fiber which can be further converted into CNW by mechanical treatment. Width of obtained CNW were found to be ~10-65 nm with length of several nanometers as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The changes in dimensions during alkali treatment, bleaching and acid hydrolysis of grass exhibited an interesting architecture and clarify the phenomenon of separation of nano level fibrils from the matrix of hemicellulose and lignin which starts after swelling of fibers and opening from middle followed by splitting from each other. The nanofibers were embedded in the matrix surrounded by amorphous layers. The size of fibers was directly associated with the extent of treatments. The crystalline part of fiber was intact during hydrolysis which must be attributed to easy removal of amorphous region by penetration of hydronum ions from acid. The results of SEM and TEM were correlated with the Scanning Ion Microscopy (SIM) which showed a direct evidence of breaking of thick fiber strands resulting in the formation of sharp edged crystalline entities composed of cellulose crystals.</P>

Cellulose Nano Whiskers from Grass of Korea

Pandey, Jitendra Kumar,Lee, Jae-Wook,Chu, Won-Shik,Kim, Chung-Soo,Ahn, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Caroline Sun-Yong The Polymer Society of Korea 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.5

Cellulose Nano Whiskers from Grass of Korea

Jitendra Kumar Pandey,Jae Wook Lee,Won Shik Chu,Chung Soo Kim,Sung Hoon Ahn,Caroline Sunyong Lee 한국고분자학회 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.5

FER Performance Analysis and Optimization of Diagonal Structure Based QC‑LDPC Codes with Girth 12 Using LU Decomposition

Jitendra Pratap Singh Mathur,Alpana Pandey 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

The manuscript presents the construction of a diagonally structured Parity check matrix using lower and upper (LU) decomposition for regular Quasi Cyclic-Low Density Parity Check Codes (QC-LDPC) with girth 12. This diagonally structured parity check matrix reduces the sparsity characteristics of QC-LDPC codes. The regular Quasi Cyclic-LDPC code has been constructed using circulant shifting and randomization method in which uniform distribution of non-zero elements, XOR operation, and pairing of row and column has been done. A Simplifed Log Domain Sum-Product Algorithm (SLDSPA) is used for the decoding of the constructed code. To reduce the CPU run time of the constructed code, a column-wise loop optimization technique is applied. The frame error rate and CPU run time is calculated for diferent code lengths such as code1 (816, 408), code2 (1008, 504), code3 (1032, 516), code4 (1944, 972), code5 (672, 336) and code6 (504, 252). The construction of regular QC-LDPC codes on half code rate is obtained for the weight of each row is 6 and each column is given by 3. The results showing that the constructed code is better performing in terms of Low FER (10−1 to 10−7), Low SNR (0 to 3.5 dB) and Less CPU run time in milliseconds.

A Review of Mobile Robots: Applications and Future Prospect

Nitin Sharma,Jitendra Kumar Pandey,Surajit Mondal 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.9

Approximately eight decades ago, during World War II, the concept of intelligent robots capable of independent arm movement began to emerge as computer science and electronics merged with advancements in mechanical engineering. This marked the starting point of a thriving industry focused on research and development in mobile robotics. In recent years, there has been a growing association between robotics and artificial intelligence, aiming to enable robots to make autonomous decisions akin to human cognition. To achieve this objective, researchers are actively exploring the integration of artificial neural networks with mechatronic robots. These intelligent and self-decision-making robots possess the potential to revolutionize human capabilities and elevate our intelligence to unprecedented levels. In various physical service sectors such as cleaning, security, and other tasks that don't require creative or analytical thinking, these robots can efficiently carry out the assigned responsibilities. Moreover, robots have the potential to play a significant role in military operations, eliminating the need for human lives to be sacrificed in warfare. This review article aims to explore the advancements in mobile robotics since their inception nearly 80 years ago. It will delve into the detailed applications of these robots across different sectors and discuss their profound effects on contemporary human lives and industrial landscapes.

3D Printing: It’s Microfluidic Functions and Environmental Impacts

Abhishek Sharma,Jitendra K. Pandey,Surajit Mondal,Amit Kumar Mondal,Soumadeep Baksi,Ravi Kumar Patel,추원식 한국정밀공학회 2017 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.4 No.3

Innovative micro products essential for the utilization of a wide variety of macro subjects have complicated three-dimensional (3D) microstructures in addition to a high aspect ratio. Till date, many micro manufacturing processes have been developed, but a specific class of such processes is applicable for fabrication of true 3D micro assembly. The aptitude to process a broad range of materials and the ability to fabricate functional and geometrically complicated, 3D microstructures provides the additive manufacturing (AM) processes which significant profits over traditional methods, such as lithography-based or micromachining approaches investigated widely in the past. In this paper, 3D micro-AM processes have been classified into three main groups, including scalable micro-AM systems, 3D direct writing, and hybrid processes, and the key processes have been reviewed comprehensively. Principle and recent progress of each 3D micro-AM process have been described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each process have low-cost along with its occupational health safety & environmental issues.

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of zinc ferrite nanoparticles

Arora, Shefali,Nandy, Subhajit,Latwal, Mamta,Pandey, Ganesh,Singh, Jitendra P.,Chae, Keun H. Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.13 No.5

Synthesis approaches usually affect the physical and chemical properties of ferrites. This helps ferrite materials to design them for desired applications. Some of these methods are mechanical milling, ultrasonic method, micro-emulsion, co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, sol-gel, etc. These methods are extensively reviewed by taking example of ZnFe₂O₄. These methods also affect the microstructure and local structure of ferrite which ultimately affect the physical and chemical properties of ferrites. Various spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Ultra Violet-Visible spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, and electron paramagnetic resonance are found helpful to reveal this information. Hence, the basic principle and the usefulness of these techniques to find out appropriate information in ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles is elaborated in this review.

The Processing and Mechanical Performance of Cellulose Nanofiber-based Composites

Nakagaito, Antonio Norio,Takagi, Hitoshi,Pandey, Jitendra Kumar Korean Society of Ocean Engineers 2011 International journal of ocean system engineering Vol.1 No.4

Nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofibers have been studied for a considerable time since its first introduction, however real applications seem to have hardly developed to these days. The high-strength of cellulose nanofibers suggests the potential to reinforce plastics to produce composites for semi-structural or even structural applications. This paper discusses some of the attempts to produce such high-strength nanocomposites and the main challenges that have to be overcome to bring them into commercial products.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Exstrophy of the Bladder

Pramod Kumar Sharma,Praveen Kumar Pandey,Mukesh Kumar Vijay,Malay Kumar Bera,Jitendra Pratap Singh,Kaushik Saha 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.8

Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.