中國의 原産地規程 改正과 問題點에 대한 硏究

박명섭,박우진 한국해법학회 2005 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

원산지규정은 물품 등의 원산지 판정방법 및 확인절차에 관한 규정으로 관련 정책들에도 활용되고 있다. 하지만 아직 통일된 국제규범이 없어 원산지규정이 나라마다 서로 다를 뿐만 아니라 그 내용이 불명확하고 복잡하여 오랫동안 무역장벽의 기능을 발휘하고 있기도 하다. 그러므로, 우리나라와 중국의 무역규모는 지속적으로 증가하고 있기에 우리가 중국의 원산지규정에 관심을 기울일 필요는 충분하다. 다행히도 원산지규정과 관련된 중국의 자의적이고 불충분하였던 통상 정책은 2005년 초 개선되었다. 과거 수입품과 수출품에 서로 다른 잣대를 가지고 있어서 공정성이 의심되었던 중국의 규정은 하나의 기준으로 통합되었다. 그러나 규정이 여전히 모호하고 불충분한 부분들이 있으며 그 적용에 있어서 중국정부의 자의성이 개입할 여지도 남아 있어서 정책의 일관성과 투명성은 아직도 의문스럽다. "Rules of origin" are the criteria needed to determine where a product was made. They are used to implement measures and instruments of such policy. While there is wide variation in the practice of governments with regard to the rules of origin, the complexity of different discriminatory measures depending on the origin of goods in practice has had restricting effects on international trade for a long time. As the trade volume between Korea and China is increasing continuously, Korea needs to pay attention to the practice of China regarding the rules of origin. China's disputable and deficient commercial policy instrument about the rules of origin, fortunately, has implemented and enforced since the beginning of 2005. In the past. China's regulation was in question of its equitability in practice because there were double standards between imported goods and exported goods. China's new regulation enforces single standard for both of imported and exported goods. However, the concreteness and transparency of the policy are still questionable due to the unclear provisions and insufficient regulation. And it still has room in practice for the discretion of China's government.

카스피달 야코비 형식의 차원과 흔적 괘식에 대하여

박광박,손진우 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1996 硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

이 논문에서는 카스피달 야코비형식(cuspidal Jacobi form)의 흔적(trace)과 차원(dimension)을 시이타급수(theta series)와 핵함수(kernel function)를 이용하여 선형연산자를 만들어 나타내고자 하였다. 야코비군과 야코비형식의 명칭은 1985년 Eichler와 zagier([E-Z])에 의해서 처음 소개된 이후 오늘날 이 분야에 많은 진전이 이루어졌다. 1절에서는 Eichler, Zagier의 1차원 개념을 Ziegler([Z1])와 양재현([Y]) 등에 의한 고차원 야코비 개념을 소개하고, 2절에서는 시이타급수 ?? 를 기저로 하는 벡터공간에서의 선형연산자 ?? 를 만들어 흔적공식을 만들고, 이 벡터공간과 카스피달 모듈라형식의 벡커공간과의 직적이 카스피달 야코비형식과 동치임을 이용하여 카스피달 야코비형식의 흔적공식을 5절에서 논한다. 3절에서는 새로이 무게(weight)개념을 도입하여 핵함수를 Li ?? ([L1], [L2])의 방법과 달리 정돈하여, 카스피달 야코비형식의 차원공식 ?? 을 만든다. 4절에서는 이 차원공식을 선형연산자 ?를 이용하여 다시 다른 모양의 식으로 나타내고, 5절에서는 야코비형식의 공간이 시이타급수의 공간과 모듈라형식의 공간의 직적과 동등함을 이용하여, 이미 잘 알려진 모듈라형식의 공간의 성질을 이용하여 야코비형식의 차원과 흔적공식을 정돈한다. In this work we construct the dimension and trace formulae for the cuspidal Jacobi form of higher degree by use of theta series and kernel functions.

The design and analysis simulation study of a PVT water and GSHP system

Jin-Woo Pak(박진우),Eun-Chul Kang(강은철),Euy-Joon Lee(이의준) 대한설비공학회 2013 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

In this study both conventional and renewable energy systems were analyzed and evaluated and detailed simulation models were developed for the six cases. The six systems, with conventional, microgeneration, and renewable energy technologies, were developed and analyzed for applications in residential and commercial building. The simulations focused on generating results aimed to gain a better understanding of the performance of different system designs and layouts under various weather conditions and occupants behaviour.

PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL-GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SIMLUATION STUDY

Jin Woo PAK,Eun Chul KANG,Euy Joon LEE,Evgueniy Entchev 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 AFORE Vol.2013 No.-

RETSCREEN MODELING OF GHP+ICT INTEGRATED SYSTEM

Jin Woo PAK,Eun Chul KANG,Euy Joon LEE 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 AFORE Vol.2013 No.-

Assessment of indigenous species using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria

Jin-Sol Pak,Jin-Whoa Yum,Neung-Ho Ahn,Mi-Jeong Jeon,Hye-Woo Byun,Sae-Young Won,Chang-Mu Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

국립생물자원관은 2010년부터 우리나라 생물종을 대상으로 IUCN 적색목록 범주에 따른 종 평가를 실시하여 국가생물적색자료집을 발간하여 왔다. 2010년부터 2014년까지 관속식물, 척추동물, 무척추동물 등 주요 분류군 에 대해 평가를 실시하여 총 10권의 자료집을 발간하였고, 2019년부터는 기존 평가 종을 대상으로 재평가를 실시 하여 지금까지 총 9권의 자료집을 재발간하였으며, 내년에 거미류 자료집 발간으로 재평가를 마무리할 예정이 다. 현재까지 총 4,353종에 대한 IUCN 적색목록 범주에 따른 평가를 완료하였으나 이는 전체 자생생물종 58,050 종 대비 약 7.5%에 불과하다. 따라서, 2024년부터는 평가가 이루어지지 않은 신규 분류군에 대한 평가를 수행할 예정이다. 또한, 2019년부터는 IUCN 적색목록팀과 함께 우리나라 고유종에 대한 평가를 수행하여 IUCN 적색목 록에 등재하는 작업을 수행하였고, 이를 통해 총 150종의 고유종을 IUCN 적색목록 사이트에 등재를 완료하고 보고서를 발간하였다.

IEA ECBCS Annex 54 방법에 근거한 PVT-GSHP 시스템 경제성 평가 연구

박진우(Pak Jin-Woo),강은철(Kang Eun-Chul),이의준(Lee Euy-Joon) 한국태양에너지학회 2014 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

This study is to perform economic analysis of a PVT-GSHP(Photovoltaic Thermal-Ground Source Heat Pump)system compared to the conventional system which consists of a boiler and a chiller. This research has simulated, developed and analyzed four systems for application in a residential and an office building which was based on the hourly EPI(Energy Performance Index, kWh/m²yr). Case 1 includes a boiler and a chiller to meet heating and cooling demands for a house. Case2 is the same conventional system as Case1 for a office. Case 3 is simple summation of Case 1 and 2. And Case 4 is utilizing a PVT-GSHP to meet the combined loads of the house and office. The economic evaluation study was based on IEA ECBCS Annex 54 subtasks C economic assessment methods. This study indicated that PVT-GSHP system can save a building’s energy up to 53.9%. Also the SPB(Simple Payback) of the PVT-GSHP system with 0%, 50% initial incentive was 14.5, 6.7 year respectively.

Hf<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zr<SUB>0.5</SUB>O₂ 기반의 Ferroelectric Memristor 제작 및 시냅스 특성 평가

박진혁(Jin-Hyeok Pak),송정수(Jeong-Su Song),여정은(Jung-Eun Yeo),이인화(In-Hwa Lee),조한성(Han-Seong Cho),홍진우(Jin-Woo Hong) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

Due to the limitations of Moores Law, scaling down components in traditional CMOS processing and von Neumann architecture has gradually approached its constraints. Notably, Neuromorphic computing technology, which seeks to emulate the human brain, has gained significant attention. In this study, we have fabricated a two-terminal device which is based on Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films and is known as a Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction (FTJ). After device fabrication, we conducted P-V and I-V measurements to assess ferroelectric and memory properties. Then we evaluated the crystalline structure of HZO thin films through XRD analysis. Finally, we successfully implemented Synaptic Functions by applying pulse input.

Long-term oncologic outcomes of 714 consecutive laparoscopic gastrectomies for gastric cancer: results from the 7-year experience of a single institute.

Pak, Kyung Ho,Hyung, Woo Jin,Son, Taeil,Obama, Kazutaka,Woo, Yanghee,Kim, Hyoung-Il,An, Ji Yeong,Kim, Jong Won,Cheong, Jae-Ho,Choi, Seung Ho,Noh, Sung Hoon Springer International 2012 Surgical endoscopy Vol.26 No.1

<P>Although many reports have indicated the feasibility of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) regarding short-term surgical outcomes, the role of LG remains controversial because studies of long-term outcomes of LG are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term oncologic outcomes of patients who have undergone LG.</P>

An Intercomparison of Counting Efficiency and the Performance of Two Whole-Body Counters According to the Type of Phantom

Pak, Minjung,Yoo, Jaeryong,Ha, Wi-Ho,Jin, Young-Woo The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2016 방사선방어학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Background: Whole-body counters are widely used to evaluate internal contamination of the internal presence of gamma-emitting radionuclides. In internal dosimetry, it is a basic requirement that quality control procedures be applied to verify the reliability of the measured results. The implementation of intercomparison programs plays an important role in quality control, and the accuracy of the calibration and the reliability of the results should be verified through intercomparison. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of 2 whole-body counting systems using 2 calibration methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 2 whole-body counters were calibrated using a reference male bottle manikin absorption (BOMAB) phantom and a Radiation Management Corporation (RMC-II) phantom. The reliability of the whole-body counting systems was evaluated by performing an intercomparison with International Atomic Energy Agencyto assess counting efficiency according to the type of the phantom. Results and Discussion: In the analysis of counting efficiency using the BOMAB phantom, the performance criteria of the counters were satisfied. The relative bias of activity for all radionuclides was -0.16 to 0.01 in the Fastscan and -0.01 to 0.03 in the Accuscan. However, when counting efficiency was analyzed using the RMC- II phantom, the relative bias of $^{241}Am$ activity was -0.49 in the Fastscan and 0.55 in the Accuscan, indicating that its performance criteria was not satisfactory. Conclusion: The intercomparison process demonstrated the reliability of whole-body counting systems calibrated with a BOMAB phantom. However, when the RMC-II phantom was used, the accuracy of measurements decreased for low-energy nuclides. Therefore, it appears that the RMC-II phantom should only be used for efficiency calibration for high-energy nuclides. Moreover, a novel phantom capable of matching the efficiency of the BOMAB phantom in low-energy nuclides should be developed.