Evaluating Permeability and Efficiency of Substrates by Using Permeation Grouting Sand Column Test

Jen-Chen Fan,Wen-Yao Liu,Che-Hsin Liu,Chien-Lin Huang,Yun-Wei Tan,Jia-Jun Guo 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.8

This study design the sand column tests in the laboratory to evaluate permeability and efficiency of substrates by using permeationgrouting technology. The results show, the coarser the test sand and the lower the substrates viscosity, the better the grouting effect. Ifmore than 5% fines added will affect the grouting results significantly. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and stepwiseregression method were applied to analysis 36 sets of sand columns testing results. The relationships among the effective size of testsand (D10), the viscosity of substrates and grouting height, grouting time, grouting rate and outflow rate were obtained. The results ofthis study might be helpful for applying the permeation grouting technology to remedy the contaminated groundwater in the field.

Effects of rice straw fermented with spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrates on milking performance in Alpine dairy goats

Fan Geng-Jen,Chen Mei-Hsing,Lee Churng-Faung,Yu Bi,Lee Tzu Tai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: To improve the feeding value of rice straw (RS), this study evaluated the potential of rice straw fermented with Pleurotus sajor-caju (FRS) as dairy goat feed. Methods: Spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrate was used as fungi inoculum to break the lignocellulose linkage of rice straw, which was solid-fermented at 25°C to 30°C for 8 weeks. The ruminal degradation of pangolagrass hay (PG), FRS, and RS were measured in situ for 96 hours in three dry Holstein cows, respectively. Effect of fungi fermented RS on milking performance was studied in feeding trials. A total of 21 Alpine goats a trial were divided into 3 groups: a control group in which PG accounted for 15% of the diet dry matter, and FRS or RS was used to replace the PG in the control group. Goats were fed twice a day under two 28-day trial in individual pens. Meanwhile, a 3×3 Latin square trial (14 days/period) was conducted to study the rumen digestion of three diets by using three fistulated dry goats. Rumen contents were collected for metabolite analyses every one to three hours on the last two days. Results: In situ study showed that fermentation could elevate the rumen degradable fraction and effective degradability of RS (p<0.05). Effective degradability of FRS dry matter was significantly increased from 29.5% of RS to 41.7%. Lactating trial results showed that dry matter intake and milk yield in the PG group and FRS group were similar and higher than those in RS group (p<0.05). The concentration of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid in the RS group tended to be lower than those in PG group (p<0.10). There were no differences in rumen pH value and ammonia nitrogen level among the groups tested. Conclusion: Fermentation of rice straw by spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrate could substantially enhance its feeding value to be equivalent to PG as an effective fiber source for dairy goat. The fermented rice straw is recommended to account for 15% in diet dry matter. Objective: To improve the feeding value of rice straw (RS), this study evaluated the potential of rice straw fermented with <i>Pleurotus sajor-caju</i> (FRS) as dairy goat feed.Methods: Spent <i>Pleurotus sajor-caju</i> mushroom substrate was used as fungi inoculum to break the lignocellulose linkage of rice straw, which was solid-fermented at 25°C to 30°C for 8 weeks. The ruminal degradation of pangolagrass hay (PG), FRS, and RS were measured <i>in situ</i> for 96 hours in three dry Holstein cows, respectively. Effect of fungi fermented RS on milking performance was studied in feeding trials. A total of 21 Alpine goats a trial were divided into 3 groups: a control group in which PG accounted for 15% of the diet dry matter, and FRS or RS was used to replace the PG in the control group. Goats were fed twice a day under two 28-day trial in individual pens. Meanwhile, a 3×3 Latin square trial (14 days/period) was conducted to study the rumen digestion of three diets by using three fistulated dry goats. Rumen contents were collected for metabolite analyses every one to three hours on the last two days.Results: <i>In situ</i> study showed that fermentation could elevate the rumen degradable fraction and effective degradability of RS (p<0.05). Effective degradability of FRS dry matter was significantly increased from 29.5% of RS to 41.7%. Lactating trial results showed that dry matter intake and milk yield in the PG group and FRS group were similar and higher than those in RS group (p<0.05). The concentration of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid in the RS group tended to be lower than those in PG group (p<0.10). There were no differences in rumen pH value and ammonia nitrogen level among the groups tested.Conclusion: Fermentation of rice straw by spent <i>Pleurotus sajor-caju</i> mushroom substrate could substantially enhance its feeding value to be equivalent to PG as an effective fiber source for dairy goat. The fermented rice straw is recommended to account for 15% in diet dry matter.

Facile hydrophilic modification of polydimethylsiloxane-based sponges for efficient oil–water separation

Chao-Jen Wang,Wei-Fan Kuan,Hui-Ping Lin,Yury A. Shchipunov,Li-Jen Chen 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.96 No.-

In this study, an eco-friendly fabrication process for the hydrophilic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-basedsponge was proposed with the assistance of sugar templates and poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethyleneoxide) (PDMS-b-PEO) block copolymer additives. The effects of sugar loadings and sugar particle sizes onsponge structure and separation performance were investigated. Manipulating sugar loadings exhibiteda unique control over the porosity of sponge, which further influenced the absorption capacity and oil–water separation speed. Additionally, the surface modification of PDMS sponge from hydrophobic/oleophilic to hydrophilic/underwater oleophobic was achieved by incorporating PDMS-b-PEO. Suchmodified sponge demonstrated an underwater oil contact angle of 154 and a stable separation efficiencygreater than 99.9% in the gravity-driven cycledfiltration tests. The hydrophilic PDMS-b-PEO modifiedsponges highlighted herein reveal a promising potential for novel separation materials with energyefficientand cost-effective features, which are ideal for oil spill clean-up events and wastewatertreatment application.

Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology in Taiwan: a nationwide survey and literature update

Chien-Chin Chen,Jen-Fan Hang,Chih-Yi Liu,Yeh-Han Wang,Chiung-Ru Lai 대한병리학회 2020 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.54 No.5

In Taiwan, thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology is easily accessible and reliable for evaluating thyroid nodules. The sonographic pattern plays a major role and is the deciding factor for aspiration. We conducted a nationwide survey in 2017 and it revealed that 31% of laboratories had adopted The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. There was a relatively high unsatisfactory rate (24.04%) and low rates of indeterminate diagnoses, including atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesions of undetermined significance: 4.87%, and follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm: 0.35%. Moreover, the risks of malignancy in benign, atypia of undetermined significance, and suspicious for a follicular neoplasm were relatively high. These may reflect strict diagnostic criteria for indeterminate categories and better patient selection for surgery. Improvements in specimen sampling and continuing education programs are crucial. Newly-developed thyroid cytology technologies, such as immunocytochemistry, molecular testing, and computerized cytomorphometry, may further facilitate cytology diagnoses.

An On-Machine and Vision-Based Depth-Error Measurement Method for Micro Machine Tools

Shih-Ming Wang,Han-Jen Yu,Shih-His Liu,Da-Fan Chen 한국정밀공학회 2011 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

The error measurement method is an essential for further enhancing the machining accuracy of a micro machine tool. An on-machine vision-based measurement method that can measure 2-D contouring-/tracking errors of a micro machining process had been previously developed. An on-machine depth-error measurement method was proposed in this study to fulfill the complete 3-D machining errors measurement. The method adopts image re-constructive technology and camera pixel correction to provide non-contact measurement capability. To improve the measurement limits due to the pixel resolution and the filler of view of a CCD, a 2-step measurement method with use of a depth model was developed. Because of the capability of eliminating the shadow effects caused by the tilting light source, the proposed method provides more accurate and reliable measurement results. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the CCD setup errors on the measurement accuracy for implementation. Experiment was conducted and the results have shown the effectiveness and feasibility of the measurement method.

A Methodology to Build a Groutability Formula via a Heuristic Algorithm

Chien-Lin Huang,Jen-Chen Fan,Kuo-Wei Liao,Tsung-Hsun Lien 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.1

The goal of this study is to provide a methodology to develop a groutability (N) formula of sandy silt soils using microfine cement grouts in a permeation grouting. Because the Fines Content (FC) of the sandy silt soils studied is relatively high, and the size of the grouts used is significantly smaller than the Portland cement, the existing empirical formulas cannot deliver a promising prediction of N. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is an alternative tool used to predict N. However, SVMs do not provide an explicit formula,which creates an obstacle for practical engineers. Thus, a heuristic algorithm (the Tabu search, TS) was used to build the prediction formula. A total of 240 in-situ data samples were analyzed to ensure the accuracy of the proposed formula. The format of the existing empirical formula was adopted in the proposed TS-based formula. Four parameters were considered in our TS models: the effective soil particle size (D10), the soil particle size (D15), the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and the FC. The prediction accuracy of the TSbased formula was approximately 94.17%, indicating that the proposed formula is a suitable tool. Because the proposed formula has a similar format to that of formulas that are typically used, the proposed approach can be implemented readily in practical engineering settings. Note that the proposed formula was only verified by the collected data samples, the suitability of applying the built formula to other conditions needs more investigation.

Evaluation of Nutrient Release from the Matrixes Produced Based on the Shotcrete Vegetation Mulching Technique

Chia-Hsing Lee,Chia-Chen Huang,Jia-Jun Guo,Jen-Chen Fan,Dar-Yuan Lee 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6