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( Sang Hyun Park ),( Pyung Bok Lee ),( Ghee Young Choe ),( Jee Yeon Moon ),( Francis Sahngun Nahm ),( Yong Chul Kim ) 대한통증학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.3
Background: A lipo-prostaglandin E1 agonist is effective for the treatment of neurological symptoms of spinal stenosis when administered by an oral or intravenous route. we would like to reveal the therapeutic effect of an epidural injection of lipo-prostaglandin E1 on hyperalgesia in foraminal stenosis. Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were included. A small stainless steel rod was inserted into the L5/L6 intervertebral foramen to produce intervertebral foraminal stenosis and chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The rats were divided into three groups: epidural PGE1 (EP) (n = 15), saline (n = 15), and control (n = 10). In the EP group, 0.15цg.kg-1 of a lipo-PGE1 agonist was injected daily via an epidural catheter for 10 days from postoperative day 3. In the saline group, saline was injected. Behavioral tests for mechanical hyperalgesia were performed for 3 weeks. Then, the target DRG was analyzed for the degree of chromatolysis, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis in light microscopic images. Results: From the fifth day after lipo-PGE1 agonist injection, the EP group showed significant recovery from mechanical hyperalgesia, which was maintained for 3 weeks (P < 0.05). Microscopic analysis showed much less chromatolysis in the EP group than in the saline or control groups. Conclusions: An epidurally administered lipo-PGE1 agonist relieved neuropathic pain, such as mechanical hyperalgesia, in a rat foraminal stenosis model, with decreasing chromatolysis in target DRG. We suggest that epidurally administered lipo-PGE1 may be a useful therapeutic candidate for patients with spinal stenosis.
Choi, Bok Ryul,Koo, Bon Chul,Ahn, Kwang Sung,Kwon, Mo Sun,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Cho, Seong-Keun,Kim, Kyoung Mi,Kang, Jee Hyun,Shim, Hosup,Lee, Hyuna,Uhm, Sang Jun,Lee, Hoon Taek,Kim, Teoan JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD 2006 MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.73 No.10
<P>A critical problem of transgenic livestock production is uncontrollable constitutive expression of the foreign gene, which usually results in serious physiological disturbances in transgenic animals. One of the best solutions for this problem may be use of controllable gene expression system. In this study, using retrovirus vectors designed to express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene under the control of the tetracycline-inducible promoter, we examined whether the expression of the transgene could be controllable in fibroblast cells and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos of porcine. Transformed fibroblast cells were cultured in medium supplemented with or without doxycycline (a tetracycline analog) for 48 hr, and the induction efficiency was measured by comparing EGFP gene expression using epifluorescence microscopy and Western and Northern blot analyses. After the addition of doxycycline, EGFP expression increased up to 17-fold. The nuclei of transformed fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated oocytes. Fluorescence emission data revealed strong EGFP gene expression in embryos cultured with doxycycline, but little or no expression in the absence of the antibiotic. Our results demonstrate the successful regulation of transgene expression in porcine nuclear transfer embryos, and support the application of an inducible expression system in transgenic pig production to solve the inherent problems of side-effects due to constitutive expression of the transgene. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Efficacy and Safety of 1,064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Removing Melanocytic Nevi
( Yoon Jee Kim ),( Kyu Uang Whang ),( Won Bok Choi ),( Hyun Jo Kim ),( Jae Young Hwang ),( Jung Hoon Lee ),( Sung Wook Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2012 Annals of Dermatology Vol.24 No.2
Background: Until recently, the removal of melanocytic nevi has been performed with a CO2 laser or Er:YAG laser. These lasers have been useful for removing affected spots. However, enlargement of spots or some sequelae, including depressed or hypertrophic scars, could develop as unwanted results. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been used to remove deep-seated melanocytes, such as Ota nevus or tattoos. However, there have been no previous experiments performed to test the efficacy and safety of this laser treatment for melanocytic nevi. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the 1,064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for removing melanocytic nevi, including congenital nevomelanocytic and acquired nevomelanocytic nevi. Methods: Two thousand and sixty four Korean patients with small melanocytic nevi were treated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser from 2005 to 2009. High-resolution photographs were taken in identical lighting and positions before and after the six weeks of treatment to observe the procedural efficacy. Results: About 70% of the nevi treated using a 1,064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were completely removed after one session. The other 30% were completely treated within three sessions. The appearance of sequelae such as hollow scars noticeably decreased compared to the results seen in CO2 or Er:YAG laser treatments. Conclusion: Use of the 1,064 nm Q- switched Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective treatment modality for melanocytic nevi. (Ann Dermatol 24(2) 162∼ 167, 2012)
모바일 기반 한국어 동영상 교수자료 개발 원리 -한국어능력시험(TOPIK) 이해 영역 학습 동영상 콘텐츠개발 사례를 중심으로-
한상미 ( Sang Mee Han ),이복자 ( Bok Ja Lee ),김종인 ( Jong In Kim ),최유경 ( Yoo Kyung Choi ),김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim ),박지원 ( Jee Won Park,),김선영 ( Seon Yeong Kim ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2014 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.41 No.-
The present study aims to present the principles of developing a video content for mobile-learning and to show the implementation process of the content, focusing on intermediate TOPIK comprehension section. This study reports four major principles of mobile content development; student-centeredness, motivation, input-efficiency, and authenticity. First, to keep the learning process student-centered, a variety of question types were formed for the learners to organize and decide the order and method of learning for themselves, while self-evaluation stage was set up for the learners to check what they have learned. Next, to build and constantly maintain the learners’ motivation and interest, learning strategies were constructed by the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction) motivation theory. Also, strategic learning methods were invented in the input process to improve the learners’ inner cognitive processing ability. Lastly, all the texts were constructed to have authenticity in meaningful contexts. Under these principles, the video content consists of the following six stages; 1) learning objective 2) strategies for solving the question 3) applying the strategies 4) language learning strategy 5) expected questions 6) self-evaluation.
Park, Sang Hyun,Lee, Pyung Bok,Choe, Ghee Young,Moon, Jee Yeon,Nahm, Francis Sahngun,Kim, Yong Chul The Korean Pain Society 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.3
Background: A lipo-prostaglandin E1 agonist is effective for the treatment of neurological symptoms of spinal stenosis when administered by an oral or intravenous route. we would like to reveal the therapeutic effect of an epidural injection of lipo-prostaglandin E1 on hyperalgesia in foraminal stenosis. Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were included. A small stainless steel rod was inserted into the L5/L6 intervertebral foramen to produce intervertebral foraminal stenosis and chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The rats were divided into three groups: epidural PGE1 (EP) (n = 15), saline (n = 15), and control (n = 10). In the EP group, $0.15{\mu}g{\cdot}kg-1$ of a lipo-PGE1 agonist was injected daily via an epidural catheter for 10 days from postoperative day 3. In the saline group, saline was injected. Behavioral tests for mechanical hyperalgesia were performed for 3 weeks. Then, the target DRG was analyzed for the degree of chromatolysis, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis in light microscopic images. Results: From the fifth day after lipo-PGE1 agonist injection, the EP group showed significant recovery from mechanical hyperalgesia, which was maintained for 3 weeks (P < 0.05). Microscopic analysis showed much less chromatolysis in the EP group than in the saline or control groups. Conclusions: An epidurally administered lipo-PGE1 agonist relieved neuropathic pain, such as mechanical hyperalgesia, in a rat foraminal stenosis model, with decreasing chromatolysis in target DRG. We suggest that epidurally administered lipo-PGE1 may be a useful therapeutic candidate for patients with spinal stenosis.
BOO, SUNG MIN,KIM, HAN SOON,SHIN, WOONGGHI,BOO, GA HUN,CHO, SUNG MI,JO, BOK YEON,KIM, JEE-HWAN,KIM, JIN HEE,YANG, EUN CHAN,SIVER, PETER A.,WOLFE, ALEXANDER P.,BHATTACHARYA, DEBASHISH,ANDERSEN, ROBERT Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Molecular ecology Vol.19 No.19
<P>Abstract</P><P>The global distribution, abundance, and diversity of microscopic freshwater algae demonstrate an ability to overcome significant barriers such as dry land and oceans by exploiting a range of biotic and abiotic colonization vectors. If these vectors are considered unlimited and colonization occurs in proportion to population size, then globally ubiquitous distributions are predicted to arise. This model contrasts with observations that many freshwater microalgal taxa possess true biogeographies. Here, using a concatenated multigene data set, we study the phylogeography of the freshwater heterokont alga <I>Synura petersenii sensu lato</I>. Our results suggest that this <I>Synura</I> morphotaxon contains both cosmopolitan and regionally endemic cryptic species, co-occurring in some cases, and masked by a common ultrastructural morphology. Phylogenies based on both proteins (seven protein-coding plastid and mitochondrial genes) and DNA (nine genes including ITS and 18S rDNA) reveal pronounced biogeographic delineations within phylotypes of this cryptic species complex while retaining one clade that is globally distributed. Relaxed molecular clock calculations, constrained by fossil records, suggest that the genus <I>Synura</I> is considerably older than currently proposed. The availability of tectonically relevant geological time (10<SUP>7</SUP>–10<SUP>8</SUP> years) has enabled the development of the observed, complex biogeographic patterns. Our comprehensive analysis of freshwater algal biogeography suggests that neither ubiquity nor endemism wholly explains global patterns of microbial eukaryote distribution and that processes of dispersal remain poorly understood.</P>