스티븐 스필버그의 창작심리분석 : 최근 3개 작품을 중심으로 Focused in Recent 3 Movies

하지현 한국정신분석학회 2003 精神分析 (Psychoanalysis) Vol.14 No.1

TMA 가스센서용 마이크로히터 발열특성 연구

박성현,최우창,김성우,류지열,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The microheaters with Si_(3)N_(4)(1500Å)/SiO_(2)(3000Å)/Si_(3)N_(4)( 1500Å) diaphragm were fabricated by thin film technology and silicon micromachining techniques. Pt and poly-Si(n+) materials were used as heater materials of microheater. Pt temperature sensor was fabricated to detect the temperature of microheaters. The thermal analysis including temperature distribution on diaphragm and power consumption of the microheater were executed by the FEM method and heat transfer equations. The power consumption of the Pt and poly-Si(n+) heaters were measured and compared to that of thermal analysis by FEM simulation.

열처리에 따른 ZnO 박막 센서의 특성

류지열,박성현,최혁환,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The ZnO(zinc oxide) thin film sensors were manufactured by RF magnetron sputtering method and added up to 4 wt. % Al_(2)O_(3), 1 wt. % TiO_(2) and 0.2 wt. % V_(2)O_(5) on the basis of ZnO material for developing the high sensitive gas sensors which have practically moderate resistivity and the stability. They were also grown on heated SiO_(2)/Si substrates of 250 ℃ at a pressure of about 10 mTorr in the pure oxygon gas with a power of about 80 watts for 10 minutes. To manufacture the thin film of the more stable high sensitivity, the thin films were also annealed from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃ and the thin films which were annealed with 700℃ for 60 minutes in the pure oxygon gas exhibited a good properties. The thin film grown in this conditions exhibited the sensitivity of maximum 550 in TMA gas concentration 160 pμm and exhibited a good stability and excellent linearity.

노인 복합주거 단지의 외부공간에 관한 연구

宋秉夏,黃智鉉 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術 Vol.12 No.-

As the proportion of older persons in the Korean population begins to increase, new kinds housing designed specifically for those are becoming familiar and common (generally being called 'silver towns'). One of the reasons explaining this event is that more older persons than in previous years are now living, and also planning, independently, away from and not counting supports from their children. Unlike nursing homes, congregate housing and/or assisted living facilities offer independent living for the elderly. In order to live on their own, opportunities for meeting others and socializing become increasingly important aspects for the elderly, and pleasant outdoor spaces take a major role in supporting active activities such as exercising, gardening, and walking, as well as sitting and viewing. This study examines the necessities that should be considered early in the planning (i,e, programing) and design process of outdoor spaces for the elderly, so as to provide comfort, safety and security, and ease of access to the outdoors. Further, the case study is utilized to compare the guidelines from the literatures with the actual instances in an assisted living facility.

TMA 가스 센서를 위한 발열체 제작 및 특성

박성현,류지열,최혁환,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Pt/Ti heater for TMA gas sensor was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering method. It was grown on heated Si substrates of 250 ℃ at a pressure of about 5 mTorr in the pure argon gas with RF power of about 140 watts. Pt and Ti target alternated at intervals of even 2 minutes for 30 minutes. The heater which was grown in the ratio of 1 to 1(Pt:Ti) exhibited initial(room temperature) resistance of 45 ohms and a power dissipation of 9.6 watts up to 300℃ heater temperature. The width of resistor variance(R_(T)/R_(O)) exhibited 1.65. We can conclude that heater which was grown in the ratio of 1 to 1(Pt:Ti) is useful as a heater for TMA gas sensor

정신분석치료환경 : 자유연상과 분석적 중립성

유재학,하지현 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.3

The authors reviewed the meanings of a psychoanalytic setting, which is composed of a Patient's free association and an analyst's analytic neutrality. In particular, this was done by discussing the definitions of a psychoanalytic setting, the functions of free association, and the development of the meanings of analytic neutrality over time. The purpose this wasto provide an understanding of a psychoanalytic setting for psychoanalytic therapists. To fully understanda psychoanalytic setting, the several points must be considered. Firstly, a patient's introspection about his/her inner world in the presence of an analyst in a psychoanalytic setting facilitates the development of the psychoanalytic process. Secondly, both a patient's reflective functioning of his/her mental process and a patient's relational experiences of transference feelings toward their analyst is important for analytic treatment. Thirdly, a patient's progress withfree association during treatment sessions indicates spontaneity a motivation to be cured from a patient's standpoint. Fourthly, a patient and an analyst become aware of the meaning of a patient's materials from free association through the process of Ed-highlight: Unclear. I'm not sure what you mean by this word. Are you referring to the patient's thoughts or feelings? free association itself. Fifth, the main aim of analytic neutrality is to understand the patient's psychic reality, and it is important to understand this reality through interaction between a patient and an analyst.

정신분석에 있어서의 공감

유재학,하지현 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.1

The authors reviewed the histories of the use of the term empathy, the different meanings of empathy, the origins of empathetic abilities, the referents for empathy, the paradoxical attitude of empathy, the therapeutic effect of empathy and the inadequate uses of empathy by referring to the recent psychoanalytic articles. We wanted to provide the psychoanalytic understanding of empathy for analytic psychotherapists. The important points for the psychoanalytic understandings of empathy were as follows : First, empathy is not a goal, but a method in the therapeutic process. Second, the empathetic attitude can be started at the beginning of treatment, yet it takes time for empathy to function in the treatment. Third, when providing empathy, a therapist needs both a subjective sense of sympathy for a patient and objective observation of the interaction between them during the treatment sessions. Fourth, a therapist needs to decrease his/her own narcissistic and omnipotent aspects and to use structured receptivity when providing empathy. Fifth, the process of empathy can be thought to be the result of the interaction between the patient and the therapist. Sixth, it may be more useful for a therapist to understand a patient through empathy rather than to provide a cure for a patient through empathy.

정신재활 치료가 정신분열병 환자의 재발율, 입원횟수, 입원일수 그리고 치료 경비에 미치는 효과 : 2년 추적조사 연구

조진석,공지현,김진원,심경순,하준선,김철권,강동호,장정희,변원탄 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 사회기술훈련, 환자교육, 가족교육, 집단치료, 예술치료, 작업치료와 같은 포괄적인 정신재활 치료를 약물치료와 병행할 경우 약물치료만 시행할 때에 비해 정신분열병 환자의 재발율, 입원횟수, 입원일수, 직접 치료경비 등에 어떤 효과가 있는 지를 알아보기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 1993년 9월부터 1995년 2월까지 양산 신경정신병원의 폐쇄병동에서 퇴원한 20∼35세 사이의 정신분열병 환자 173명을 대상으로 46명에게는 6개월동안 정신재활 치료를 시행하였고 127명에게는 통상적인 외래치료만 시행한 후 연구시작 시점을 포함하여 2년동안 양군에 속한 환자들을 대상으로 재발율, 입원횟수, 입원일수, 직접 치료경비 등을 1년 단위로 추적 조사하였으며, 연구시작 시점을 기준으로 전과 후의 매년 평균 입원횟수, 입원일수, 직접 치료경비도 서로 비교하였다. 결 과 : 정신재활 치료를 약물치료와 병행할 경우 약물치료만 시행할 때에 비해 재발율, 입원횟수, 입원일수, 직접 치료비용이 현저히 감소되었다. 그리고 정신재활 치료를 받은 군에서는 치료 전에 비해 치료 후에 재발율, 입원횟수, 입원일수, 직접 치료비용이 유의하게 감소하였지만 통상적인 외래치료만 받은 군에서는 치료 전과 후간에 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자들에게 정신재활 치료를 약물치료와 병행할 경우 약물치료만 시행할 때에 비해 환자의 임상적 경과를 호전시킬 뿐 아니라 가족의 경제적 부담도 줄일 수 있다. Objective : We evaluated the clinical efficacy of a comprehensive psychiatric rehabilitation of schizophrenia, including family psychoeducation, patient education, social skills training, group psychotherapy, art therapy, and occupational therapy. Method : From September 1993 to February 1995, 173 chronic schizophrenics who met DSM-IV criteria and were discharged from a locked ward were assigned into the psychiatric rehabilitation service group(psychiatric rehabilitation group, n=46) or the customary out-patient service group(out-patient group, n=127) prospectively, but not randomly. Assignment was based on preferences of patients and their relatives, Each subject included in the psychiatric rehabilitation group received twice weekly patient education, social skills training, family psychoeducation, group psychotherapy, art therapy, occupational therapy and maintenance chemotherapy during a 6-month period. Those in the out-patient group received individual supportive psychotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy according to their clinical needs for 10-20 minutes once per week. After entry into the study, all subjects were assessed for the number of readmission, days of hospitalization, and the direct treatment costs through the first and second year of follow-ups. These outcome variables were also compared pre-and post-2 years at the time point of entry into the study. Aftercare chemotherapy on a weekly to monthly basis continued for the remainder of the two year follow-up period. Results : With regard to the mean number of hospital admissions per year, the mean days of hospitalization per year, and the direct treatment costs per year, the psychiatric rehabilitation group had significantly decreased all clinical outcomes 2 years after compared with before receiving psychiatric rehabilitation. But there were no significant differences in the all clinical outcomes between before and after study intake in the out-patient group. For the number of relapse regardless of drug compliance, 4 patients(9%) during first year and 14 patients(30%) during second year were relapsed in the 46 subjects of the psychiatric rehabilitation group. In contrast, 75 patients(59%) during first year and 90 patients (71%) during second year relapsed in the out-patient group. When considering the effect of drug noncompliance to relapse, 4(9%) and 14 patients(30%) were relapsed while on medication respectively during the first and second year in the 46 of the psychiatric rehabilitation group, vs. 27(34%) of 79 patients on medication during the first year and 31(46%) of 68 patients on medication during the second year were relapsed in the out-patient group. Conclusions : These results indicate that the comprehensive psychiatric rehabilitation can be useful therapeutic intervention both to improve the clinical outcomes of schizophrenic patients and to reduce the economical burden of their relatives.

柴胡四物湯이 CCl₄로 誘發된 白鼠의 肝損傷에 미치는 影響

李在馥,白泰鉉,河智容 대한동의병리학회 1997 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.11 No.2

간은 혈액을 저장하고, 승발과 투설작용으로 인체의 기혈, 경략, 장부의 활동을 조장하는 기능과 담즙형성 및 배설작용 및 정신과 사고능력의 정상기능을 유지시키며 조혈과 해독작용을 통칭한다. 간에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인은 많으나, 최근에는 중독에 의한 손상이 증가하고 있다. 시호사물탕은 동의보감에 '治産後發熱 及熱入血室'에 사용되며, 실험적으로 아직 연구되지 아니 하였다. 본 연구에서는 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐에 사염화탄소로 중독시켜 간손상을 일으킨 후 시호사물탕을 40㎎/㎏, 4㎎/㎏, 0.4㎎/㎏으로 투여하여 간손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험의 결과 다음의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. AST는 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군과 시호사물탕투여B군이 유의성있는 감소를 보였으며(P〈0.05), 시호사물탕투여C군의 경우 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2. ALT는 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군과 시호사물탕투여B군이 유의성있는 감소를 보였으며 (P〈0.05), 시호사물탕투여C군의 경우 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3. 총 Bilirubin의 경우 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군과 시호사물탕투여B군이 유의성있는 감소를 보였으며(P〈0.05), 시호사물탕투여C군의 경우 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 4. Albumin의 경우 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군, 시호사물탕투여B군, 시호사물탕투여C군 모두 유의성있는 증가를 보였다.(P〈0.05). 5. ALP의 경우 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군은 유의성있는 (P〈0.05)감소를 보였으며, 시호사물탕투여B군과 시호사물탕투여C군은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6. LDH의 경우 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군, 시호사물탕투여B군, 시호사물탕투여C군 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 유의성은 없었다. 7. γ-GT의 경우 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군, 시호사물탕투여B군, 시호사물탕투여C군 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 유의성은 없었다. 8. 간의 중량을 측정한 결과 CCI₄+식염수투여군에 비하여 시호사물탕투여A군은 유의성 있는 감소(P〈0.05)를 보였으며, 시호사물탕투여B군, 시호사물탕투여C군은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이상으로 보아 시호사물탕이 CCI₄로 유발된 중독성 간손상에 대하여 ALT, ALT, 총 Bilirubin, 직접 Bilirubin, Albumin, ALT에 대하여 유의성있는 감소(P〈0.05)를 보였으며, 간 손상의 회복에 대한 치료효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate effects of Sihosamultang extract on the recovery of liver function in CCl₄-intoxicated rats, In this study, Sprague-Dawley Rats was divided into 5 experimental groups; Control(Placebo, 0,85% NaCl), Experimental(CCl₄-intoxicated + Placebo, 0.85% NaCI), SST-A(Treated with 40㎎ of Sihosamultang extract per ㎏, b.w after CCl₄-intoxicated), SST-B(Treated with 4㎎ of Sihosamultang extract per ㎏, b.w after CCl₄-intoxicated), SST-C(Treated with 0.4㎎ of Sihosamultang extract per ㎏, b.w after CCl₄-intoxicated). Biochemical assays for AST, ALT, Bilirubin, Albumin, ALP, LDH, γ-GT were performed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. SST-A, SST-B groups showed lower serum AST level than Experimental group significantly(P〈0.05), and SST-C group showed slightly lower level than Experimental group. 2. SST-A, SST-B groups showed lower serum ALT level than Experimental group significantly(P〈0.05), and SST-C group showed slightly lower level than Experimental group. 3. Total Bilirubin level in serum were lower in SST-A, SST-B groups than in Experimental group significantly(P〈0.05), and SST-C group showed slightly lower level than Experimental group. 4. As to Albumin amount SST-A, SST-B and SST-C groups showed higher level than Experimental group significantly(P〈0.05). 5. As to tested ALP, SST-A group showed lower level than Experimental group significantly(P〈0.05), and SST-B, SST-C group showed slightly lower level than Experimental group. 6. LDH or γ-GT amount were lower in SST-A, SST-B, SST-C groups than Experimental group. 7. SST-A showed lower liver wet weight than Experimental group significantly (P 〈0.05), and SST-B, SST-C groups exhibited a tendency to lower liver wet weight than Experimental group.

ZnO 박막 센서의 암모니아 가스 검지 특성

최우창,김성우,류지열,박성현,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The ammonia gas sensors were fabricated with the ZnO-based thin films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated the sensitivity and response time according to temperature variation and ammonia gas concentration. The sensors sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed higher sensitivity than those sputtered in argon atmosphere. The Au(0.3 wt.%) doped-ZnO thin film sensors aged at 330 ℃ showed the maximum sensitivity of 28 and good response time at a working temperature of 250 ℃ and to 160 ppm ammonia gas. The Pt(0.1 wt.%) doped-ZnO thin film sensors showed the maximum sensitivity at a low working temperature of 200 ℃.