사이노폰 연구와 비판적 중국 연구

이재현 ( Lee¸ Jaehyun ) 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2021 중국사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.2

이 논문의 목표는 사이노폰 연구를 비판적 중국 연구에 접목시키려는 것이다. 비판적 중국 연구는 반제국주의와 반오리엔탈리즘의 입장에서 중국에 대해 내재적, 비판적으로 접근하는 것이라고 말할 수 있다. 사이노폰 연구를 제창한 스수메이의 사이노폰 연구는 중국 대륙 바깥에 거주하는 중국계 이주민/이산민의 문학/문화 생산에 관한 연구로부터 출발했다. 스수메이는 사이노폰 공동체를 만들어낸 세 가지 역사적 과정들로서 ① 대륙 식민주의, ② 정착자 식민주의, ③ 이민/이주를 거론했다. 이 논문에서는 그 세 역사적 과정들을 오늘날의‘중국 특색의 제국주의’를 형성하는 역사적 과정으로서 전유하려고 한다. 만주족, 몽골족, 티벳인, 위구르 등 중국의 소수 에스닉 공동체들의 주민들과 그들이 살던 땅은 각기 서로 다른 역사적 과정을 거쳐서 중국의 내부 식민지가 되었다. 내부 식민지들을 포함한 유라시아 제국이었던 대청의 판도를 그대로 이어받았다는 점에서 중화민국이나 중화인민공화국은 아무런 차이가 없다. 그렇지만 이 중국 국가들은 서구 열강 및 일본 제국주의의 침탈과‘중국 분할’아래에서의 경험을 내세워 반식민지-피해자 혹은‘상처입은 자’의 멘탈리티로부터 벗어나지 못했다. 그런 멘탈리티 아래에서 형성된 그릇된 왜곡된 논제들 중의 하나가‘구망이 계몽을 압도했다’는 유명한 것이다. 하지만 내부 식민지의 존재를 놓고 볼 때, 구망이라는 것이 매우 왜곡되고 편협된 것이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉,‘중국 특색의 구망’이란 한족의, 한족에 의한, 한족을 위한 구망일 뿐이다. 구망에의 과도한 내셔널리스틱한 집착이 ‘중국 특색의 제국주의’에 대한 자각 가능성, 인지 가능성, 성찰 가능성을 압도했다고 말해야 한다. 그래서 구망은 불철저한 것이 되어버렸고, 최종적으로 불철저한 구망과 불철저한 계몽은 서로 악순환적인 규정 관계에 놓이게 되었다. 스수메이는 사이노폰 연구로부터 중국에서 한족 사이노폰에 의해서 만들어진 문화 생산물을 제외하는데, 이것은 많은 사람들로부터 비판을 받고 있다. 사이노폰 연구로부터의 학제적 자극에 의거해서, 비판적 중국 연구는 중국 사회연구, 중국 문학 및 문화 연구, 중국 사상 연구, 중국 역사 연구 등의 분야에서 학술적 혁신을 성취해내야 한다. The goal of this paper is to graft Sinophone studies onto critical China studies. Critical China study can be said to be an immanent and critical approach to China from the standpoint of anti-imperialist and anti- orientalism. Susumi Shih, who launched Sinophone studies, started from a research on the cultural production of Chinese immigrants living outside mainland China. Shih mentioned three historical processes that created the Sinophone communities: ① continental colonialism, ② settler colonialism, and ③ immigration/migration. In this paper I intend to appropriate the processes as the historical process of the making of “imperialism with Chinese characteristics”. The peoples of the minority ethnic communities in China, such as Manchus, Mongols, Tibetans, and Uyghurs, and their lands, have gone through different historical processes and became China’s internal colonies. There is no difference between the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China in that they inherited the dominion of the Eurasian Empire “great Qing”. However, these two Chinese nation states were unable to escape from the mentality of the semi-colonial-victims or “the wounded,” based on their national crisis experiences of the “scramble for China” under the invasion of Western powers and Japanese imperialism. One of the erroneous and distorted affective ideas formed within such a mental mechanism is the famous saying that “national salvation(jiuwang, 求亡) overpowered enlightenment”. However, given the existence of internal colonies, it can be seen that “the national salvation” is very distorted and narrow-minded. In other words, “jiuwang with Chinese characteristics” is nothing but the “jiuwang” for Han Chinese, by Han Chinese, and for Han Chinese. It must be said that the excessive nationalistic obsession with the “jiuwang” overwhelms the possibility of self-awareness, recognition, and reflection on ‘imperialism with Chinese characteristics’ over the internal colonies. So, the obsession was so excessive that the incomplete “jiuwang” and the incomplete enlightenment are placed in a vicious cycle of interactions. Shih excludes cultural products made by Han Chinese Sinophones in China from Sinophone studies and such a exclusion has been criticized by many. Based on the interdisciplinary stimulus from Sinophone studies, critical China studies should achieve academic innovations in the fields of Chinese social studies, Chinese literature and culture studies, Chinese thought studies, and Chinese historical studies etc.

Short-Term Effectiveness of Oral Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and Culture-Positive Viral Shedding

Lee Eunyoung,Park Sehee,Choi Jae-Phil,Kim Min-Kyung,Yang Eunmi,Ham Sin Young,Lee Seungjae,Lee Bora,Yang Jeong-Sun,Park Byoung Kwon,Kim Da Sol,Lee So-Young,Lee Joo-Yeon,Jang Hee-Chang,Jeon Jaehyun,Park 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.8

Background: Information on the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the omicron is limited. The clinical response and viral kinetics to therapy in the real world need to be evaluated. Methods: Mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with risk factors for severe illness were prospectively enrolled as a treatment group with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy versus a control group with supportive care. Serial viral load and culture from the upper respiratory tract were evaluated for seven days, and clinical responses and adverse reactions were evaluated for 28 days. Results: A total of 51 patients were analyzed including 40 in the treatment group and 11 in the control group. Faster symptom resolution during hospitalization (P = 0.048) was observed in the treatment group. Only minor adverse reactions were reported in 27.5% of patients. The viral load on Day 7 was lower in the treatment group (P = 0.002). The viral culture showed a positivity of 67.6% (25/37) vs. 100% (6/6) on Day 1, 0% (0/37) vs. 16.7 (1/6) on Day 5, and 0% (0/16) vs. 50.0% (2/4) on Day 7 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Conclusions: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the omicron was safe and resulted in negative viral culture conversion after Day 5 of treatment with better symptomatic resolution.

The Variables of Intention of Employee Turnover and Financial Satisfaction in Korean Hotel Industry

Jaehyun Kim(Jaehyun Kim),Moo-sung Lee(Moo-sung Lee) 한국캐나다학회 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.20 No.2

This study aims to find out the relationship between the intention of turnover and the financial job satisfaction: cash value, compensation value, and future value. To draw any meaningful results, the researcher analyzed three hypotheses; The less cash value the employees have, the more they tend to leave the job. The less compensation value the employees have, the more they tend to leave the job. The less future value the employees have, the more they tend to leave the job. The participants were hotel employees working major 10 hotels in Seoul from October 26 to November 16, 2013, The 244 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The frequency analysis was practiced to know the sample traits, Factor analysis was conducted to search for the employees’ financial satisfaction, and the reliability and regression analyses were used to draw any consistent results. The results indicated that in wage and compensation, the hotel employees are likely to be less payed comparing with their service or with workers of other industries, so they are willing to leave the workplace. That is, the degree of wage and compensation are direct factors in the intention of turnover. Hotel employees are not interested in future value, opportunity working overseas. The employees are usually indifferent from employment chance, family relationship, social recognition, training, or overseas working. In Korean job market, the environment has been dramatically changed toward the advancement of information and knowledge society. and the society has experienced the personnel management of high-quality human resources or flexibility of labour. In this trend, employees tendency to meet the new labor market that the society need. The employees are willing to leave the position if their quality or career is recognized. The result of this study represents the new trend of job market in Korea. This paper has borrowed from and translated the contents from the author’s master’s thesis into English to introduce Korean hotel industry to the readers of Asian Journal of Canadian Studies.

Anti-SEMA3A Antibody: A Novel Therapeutic Agent to Suppress Glioblastoma Tumor Growth

Lee, Jaehyun,Shin, Yong Jae,Lee, Kyoungmin,Cho, Hee Jin,Sa, Jason K.,Lee, Sang-Yun,Kim, Seok-Hyung,Lee, Jeongwu,Yoon, Yeup,Nam, Do-Hyun 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Glioblastoma (GBM) is classified as one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Great strides have been made in understanding the genomic and molecular underpinnings of GBM, which translated into development of new therapeutic approaches to combat such deadly disease. However, there are only few therapeutic agents that can effectively inhibit GBM invasion in a clinical framework. In an effort to address such challenges, we have generated anti-SEMA3A monoclonal antibody as a potential therapeutic antibody against GBM progression.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We employed public glioma datasets, Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data and The Cancer Genome Atlas, to analyze <I>SEMA3A</I> mRNA expression in human GBM specimens. We also evaluated for protein expression level of SEMA3A via tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. Cell migration and proliferation kinetics were assessed in various GBM patient-derived cells (PDCs) and U87-MG cell-line for SEMA3A antibody efficacy. GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were generated to evaluate tumor inhibitory effect of anti-SEMA3A antibody <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>By combining bioinformatics and TMA analysis, we discovered that SEMA3A is highly expressed in human GBM specimens compared to non-neoplastic tissues. We developed three different anti-SEMA3A antibodies, in fully human IgG form, through screening phage-displayed synthetic antibody library using a classical panning method. Neutralization of SEMA3A significantly reduced migration and proliferation capabilities of PDCs and U87-MG cell line <I>in vitro</I>. In PDX models, treatment with anti-SEMA3A antibody exhibited notable tumor inhibitory effect through down-regulation of cellular proliferative kinetics and tumor-associated macrophages recruitment.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In present study, we demonstrated tumor inhibitory effect of SEMA3A antibody in GBM progression and present its potential relevance as a therapeutic agent in a clinical framework.</P>

Implementation of AR Remote Rendering Techniques for Real-time Volumetric 3D Video

Daehyeon Lee,Munyong Lee,Sang-ha Lee,Jaehyun Lee,Soonchul Kwon 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.12 No.2

Recently, with the growth of mixed reality industrial infrastructure, relevant convergence research has been proposed. For real-time mixed reality services such as remote video conferencing, the research on real-time acquisition-process-transfer methods is required. This paper aims to implement an AR remote rendering method of volumetric 3D video data. We have proposed and implemented two modules; one, the parsing module of the volumetric 3D video to a game engine, and two, the server rendering module. The result of the experiment showed that the volumetric 3D video sequence data of about 15 MB was compressed by 6-7%. The remote module was streamed at 27 fps at a 1200 by 1200 resolution. The results of this paper are expected to be applied to an AR cloud service.

The 1st Extragalactic Workshop for Korean Young Astronomers “We Love Galaxies”

Gwang-Ho Lee,Suk Kim,Hyun-Jin Bae,Yijung Kang,Minjin Kim,Eunbin Kim,Youngdae Lee,Yunhee Lee,Chul Chung,Minbae Kim,Taeyang Bang,Jubee Sohn,Jaehyun Lee 한국천문학회 2014 天文學會報 Vol.39 No.2

Study of fibroblast growth factor 2 administration in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis mice

Se Bi Lee,Hyeokku Lee,Jungyu Baek,Eunhyeok Choi,Hyunseung Lee,Juhyeok Hong,Jaehyun Kim,Jeong Yun Park,Gichang Jeong,Jieun Jeon,Jooyeon Lee,Jaehyun Park,Jimin Jang,Sang-Ryul Cha,Se-Ran Yang 한국실험동물학회 2023 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.2

릴렉스착좌 모드 대응 동승석 에어백 개발

이석민(Seokmin Lee),정가람(Garam Jeong),이동오(Dongoh Lee),박해권(Haekwon Park),이규상(Kyusang Lee),고영경(Yongkyung Ko),이재현(Jaehyun Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2020 No.11

평창 팔석정 경관의 특질과 의미에 관한 연구

Jaehyun Rho,Hyunwoo Lee,Taehee Park 전북대학교 휴양및경관계획연구소 2015 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 평창군의 대표적 명승고적으로 분류되는 팔석정의 유래와 그 유래의 원천인 팔석(팔석) 그리고 바위글씨의 현황을 파악하는 한편 바위글씨의 주체인 양사언의 자연관 고찰을 전제로 팔석정에 새겨진 바위글씨의 의미해석을 시도 하였다. 이를 토대로 팔석정의 본질과 문화경관적 가치를 구명함으로써 팔석정의 보존 및 복원을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 시도된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 팔석에 새겨진 바위글씨는 ‘봉래⋅영주⋅방장’의 삼신산(삼신산)과 ‘낚시풍류(조어)⋅잠풍류(오수)⋅바둑풍류(위기) ⋅ 연꽃 감상(상련)⋅도약(도약 또는 비상)’ 등 5가지의 풍류 의미를 함의하며, 이는 탈속을 통한 선계지향을 추구했던 양사언의 자연관과 휴양 개념을 담는 풍류놀이로 인식된다. 특히 최상부에 위치한 바위글씨 봉래(봉래)는 양사언의 호 (호)이자 ‘팔석정’과 ‘봉래(봉래고정)’의 주인인 자아(자아) 인식의 기표(기표)로 상정된다. 팔석정은 양사언의 기질과 그 의 시에 드러난 탈속(탈속)과 비상(비상) 등 도가적 유선(유선)을 지향하는 풍류놀이를 적재적소에 표기함으로써 탈속의 공간으로 재해석한 풍류터의 의미를 담는다. 또한 ‘석지청련’ 바위글씨가 전해지는 팔석정가든의 전정(전정)은 “이백과 동일시되는 양사언의 돌 연못”이란 의미로 이는 곧 ‘봉래고정’을 뜻하는 것으로 해석된다. 종합적으로 팔석정은 조선조 대표적 문사이자 서예가인 봉래 양사언의 봉래고정 터와 함께 팔석에 새긴 여덟 개의 바위글씨의 의미가 지속적으로 유전된 임천정원(임천정원)으로서의 장소특성이 잘 드러난 평창의 대표적 정원유적이다. This study attempts to interpret the stone inscriptions on Palseokjeong based on the view of nature of Yang Sah Un, the inscriptions’ author; at the same time, it assesses the current state of the stone inscriptions and the origin of Palseok (八石) and Palseokjeong, which are classified as a representative scenic spot and place of historic interest in Pyeongchang. The results of the study, which aims to provide basic data for preservation and restoration of Palseokjeong by investigating its scenic and cultural value, are described below. The stone inscriptions on Palseok underscore the meaning of the five types of elegant leisure—in addition to the Samshinsan (三神山) of “Bongrae”, “Yeongju”, and “Bangjang”, the inscriptions refer to fishing (釣魚), an afternoon nap (午睡), playing checkers (圍棋), admiring the lilies (賞蓮), and self-development/leaping (跳躍 or 飛翔)—and are recognized as embodying the concepts of rest and of Yang Sah Un’s view of nature, which pursued orientation toward the enchanted land through unworldliness. Particularly, Bongrae (蓬萊), the inscription located at the top of Palseok, is assumed to be the nom de plume and a symbol of self-recognition of the master of Palseokjeong and Bongrae. Palseokjeong’s meaning is in its reinterpretation of leisure areas as spaces that rise above the world. This is shown in the references to relevant elegant leisure relating to Taoist hermitry, such as rising above the world (脫俗) and soaring (飛翔), in Yang Sah Un’s poetry and temperament. Moreover, the front court (前庭) of Palseokjeong garden, where the stone inscription of “Seokjicheongryeon” is located, conveys the meaning “the stone pond of Yang Sah Un, who is Li Bai’s equal”; this is interpreted as pertaining to “Bongraegojeong” (蓬萊古亭). Overall, Palseokjeong, a representative of Pyeongchang’s garden relics, well demonstrates the location’s characteristics as a garden for the recluse; the meaning of the eight stone inscriptions on Palseok have continuously been inherited with the grounds of Bongraegojeong of Bongrae Yang Sah Un, the quintessential Chosun literary man and calligrapher.

Nonlinear Interaction of Edge-Localized Modes and Turbulent Eddies in Toroidal Plasma undern=1Magnetic Perturbation

Lee, Jaehyun,Yun, Gunsu S.,Choi, Minjun J.,Kwon, Jae-Min,Jeon, Young-Mu,Lee, Woochang,Luhmann, Neville C.,Park, Hyeon K. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review Letters Vol.117 No.7