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- 저자 : J.Bennet (검색결과 5 건)
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J.C.Wheals,A.Turner,K.Ramsay,A.O Neill,J.Bennet,H. Fang,G.Davis 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
The paper addresses the challenges of higher efficiency and lower cost than the current DCT from VW (DQ250) fitted with twin wet clutches and hydraulic control. Responsible for the design and supply of the Bugatti Veyron 7-DCT and controller. Ricardo now present some aspects of their ongoing R&D applied to the other end of the market for controlled ratio transmissions with powershift capability. The practical DCT concept is targeted at B/C class with engines up to 200 Nm with very different targets. The shan layout, meshes, and synchronization are standard: the rest of the transmission is targeted at high efficiency which is derived from two main areas: Dry clutches using a novel failsafe latching mechanism and Electrical Linear Actuators used for the clutches and shift-rails to eliminate hydraulics. Cost is reduced as a result of these mentioned devices, and the following features: Mechanical multiplexing of the linear actuators to control the entire transmission using three or potentially just two primary actuators and lubrication using carefully designed active splash channels which eliminate the need for a pump. Regarding what the driver notices, simulation and rig data suggests the combination of a friction material and the accuracy and frequency response of the linear actuation device will provide shin quality approaching that of a wet clutch system with hydraulics. Fuel economy simulation results are presented using rig-validated sub-system models to identify the magnitude of the savings from each of the design features leading to an overall improvement of 9% versus a conventional b\hydraulic DCT. Finally, the concept is shown packaged for a small EU car and a robust prediction is made of system cost.
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Seungleal Brian Paek,Emily Jane Knight,Su-Youne Chang,J. Luis Lujan,장동표,Kevin E. Bennet,Kendall H. Lee 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.2
Purpose Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been effective in treating various neurological and psychiatric disorders; however, its underlying mechanism hasn’t been completely understood. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a valuable tool to elucidate underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms of DBS, due to its sub-second temporal resolution and direct identification of analytes. However, since DBS-like high frequency stimulation evokes neurotransmitter release as well as extracellular pH shift, it is hard to isolate the neurotransmitter signal from the complex environment. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of a modified FSCV technique, Paired Pulse Voltammetry (PPV), in detecting dopamine (DA) release in the caudate nucleus during long-term electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in the rat. Methods Unlike traditional FSCV applying a single triangular waveform, PPV employs a binary waveform with a specific time gap (2.2 ms) in between the comprising pulses. DA measurement was performed with a carbon fiber microelectrode placed in the caudate nucleus and a twisted bipolar stimulating electrode in the MFB. PPV data was collected with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurochemical Concentration Sensing System (WINCS). Results Using PPV, the detection of DA was evident throughout the long-term stimulation (5 minutes); however, without PPV, in vivo environmental changes including pH shift eventually obscured the characteristic oxidation current of DA at 0.6V. Conclusions These results indicate that PPV can be a valuable tool to accurately determine DA dynamics in a complex in vivo environment during long-term electrical stimulation.
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Kendall H. Lee,Seungleal Brian Paek,Emily Jane Knight,Su-Youne Chang,J. Luis Lujan,장동표,Kevin E. Bennet 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.1
Purpose Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been effective in treating various neurological and psychiatric disorders;however, its underlying mechanism hasn’t been completely understood. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a valuable tool to elucidate underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms of DBS, due to its sub-second temporal resolution and direct identification of analytes. However, since DBS-like high frequency stimulation evokes neurotransmitter release as well as extracellular pH shift, it is hard to isolate the neurotransmitter signal from the complex environment. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of a modified FSCV technique, Paired Pulse Voltammetry (PPV), in detecting dopamine (DA) release in the caudate nucleus during long-term electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in the rat. Methods Unlike traditional FSCV applying a single triangular waveform, PPV employs a binary waveform with a specific time gap (2.2 ms) in between the comprising pulses. DA measurement was performed with a carbon fiber microelectrode placed in the caudate nucleus and a twisted bipolar stimulating electrode in the MFB. PPV data was collected with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurochemical Concentration Sensing System (WINCS). Results Using PPV, the detection of DA was evident throughout the long-term stimulation (5 minutes); however, without PPV,in vivo environmental changes including pH shift eventually obscured the characteristic oxidation current of DA at 0.6V. Conclusions These results indicate that PPV can be a valuable tool to accurately determine DA dynamics in a complex in vivo environment during long-term electrical stimulation.
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Michael P. Marsh,Kendall H. Lee,Kevin E. Bennet,Jessica E. Koehne,Russell J. Andrews,M. Meyyappan 대한의용생체공학회 2012 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.2 No.4
Purpose While the mechanism of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) remains poorly understood, previous studies have shown that it evokes release of neurochemicals and induces activation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)blood oxygen level-dependent signal in distinct areas of the brain. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the capabilities of the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor system (WINCS) in conjunction with a carbon nanofiber (CNF) multiplexed array electrode as a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanism of DBS through the simultaneous detection of multiple bioactivemolecules. Methods Patterned CNF nanoelectrode arrays were prepared on a 4-inch silicon wafer where each device consists of 3 ×3 electrode pads, 200 μm square, that contain CNFs spaced at 1 μm intervals. The multiplexed carbon nanofiber CNF electrodes were integrated with WINCS to detect mixtures of dopamine (DA) and oxygen (O2) using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in vitro. Results First, simultaneous detection of O2 at two spatially different locations, 200 um apart, was demonstrated. Second,simultaneous detection of both O2 and DA at two spatially different locations, using two different decoupled waveforms was demonstrated. Third, controlled studies demonstrated that the waveform must be interleaved to avoid electrode crosstalk artifacts in the acquired data. Conclusions Multiplexed CNF nanoelectrode arrays for electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters show promise for the detection of multiple analytes with the application of time independent decoupled waveforms. Electrochemistry on CNF electrodes may be helpful in elucidating the mechanism of DBS, and may also provide the precision and sensitivity required for future applications in feedback modulated DBS neural control systems.
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