Bela Bartok의 黃金分割에 關한 硏究

金仁洙 群山大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In the first half of the 20th Century we can find three striking trends in the western music as follows: first, a mode of music adapted new elements and dictions from a racial or folk music has continuously been developed; second, Neo-classism has turned up; third, three has come Dodecaphony. In this era. therefore, A. Schonberg. 1. Stravinsky and Bela Bartok can be called leading composers. In Philosophie der Neuen musik Th. w. Adorno(1903-1969) regards A. Schonberg and I. Stravinsky as two extreme musicians, and Bela Bartok as a middle -roadishmusician, but from his strong individuality and will affected in his music he is heterogeneously estimated as a nationalist or a Beethoven in modern times. Since the abolition of modern music was discussed. Bartok had just become the pioneer who tried to find a creative way out of racial and folk music unrecognized as music, and with the method which he adapted as a composer seeking a creative universality he could be estimated as a Beethoven of modern times in the respect of the total of folk materials and classic forms indicated by S. Moreux. "Golden Section", one of Bartok's important diction is the dividing method to become the proportion of the length should be "a:b=b:(a-a)", when a segment is divided into two and in the field of formative arts, "Golden Section" was known to be the most beautiful proportional relation called "Divina proportion in the middle ages. The relation of the number in Gold Section become that the total amounts of the first and the second term equal to the third term (eg. 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34...), and this is a always called "Fibonacci's progression." By applying the relation of "Golden Section" to every part of his works, his diction was greatly improved. Especially in his many works after the work of 'String Quartet No. 3 he adapted this relation thoroughly and accurately. In this study I am going to analyze the instance of which he adapted 'Golden Section' horizontally and verticully among the works of which he introduced "Golden Section"at first centering around the following five masterpieces he wrote in his maturity, and investigate his musical pecuriarity. In the respects of formality and harmony Bartok's composing skill is closely related with "Golden Section". That is, in his works "Golden Section is the important structural principle like Overtone harmony or musical form of multiple relation, and his feature of musical composition can be found that the world of the inner strain created by "Golden Section" is balanced with the world relieving the tension by the consonance brought from the overtone formation or the overtone procession. 1. Allegro barbaro (1911) 2. String quartet No.3(1927) 3. Music for string instruments, percussion and celesta(1936) 4. Sonata for two pianos and percussion(1937) 5. Divertimento for string orchestra(1939)

35세 이하에서의 결장 및 직장암 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

송인철,윤충,이행철,이양삼 대한대장항문학회 1996 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.12 No.3

신소설에 나타난 novel의 징후 : 「치악산」과 「쟝화홍련젼」의 비교연구 Comparative Study on "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun"

강인숙 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1

In Korean literature, we have a genre named 'new novel' between romance and novel. To clarify the characteristic feature of new novel, 1 want to compare the structures of "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". Both of these novels share many thing in common. For example, both of them are step mother story, but they also have certain differences. In this article, I would like to demon-strate the symptoms of novel in new novel by clarifying the different phase of these two novels. 1.Character A) Similar phase (1) protagonist a) social class: yangban b) moral phase: superior class c) role in the story: good suffering step children d) typicality of characters: their assistants are also good (2) antagonist a) social class: yangban, however, economic and moral phases are inferior than protagonist. b) role in the story: bad step mother with bad assistant B) difference (1) In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," the helper of antagonist is her own son. "Chiaksan" is different. Helpers of antagonist are her servants. Unlike the blood relationship in "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," these servants help the antagonist because of the money and the land she offer. They are market oriented type, suitable characters for novel. 2.The method of characterization. In terms of character roles, there are many similarities in both stories. But the method of characterization in them are much different. In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," characters are very simple. In other word, they are one dimensional. Good person is always good and also beautiful. Morality and the beauty is unseparable in this story. "Chiakson" is different. Characters of this story has more complex dimensions as follow. (1) Protagonist has a a lot of virtues yet she also has bad side. Antagonist is bad. but also has some nice element. The good and the evil blended in each character so the characters in "Chiaksan" are more realistic than "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". (2) Beauty and the virtue of characters are not combined in this story. Antagonist of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is ugly, but the step mother of "Chiaksan" is beautiful even though she is bad. Her husband knows very well about her badness, yet he cannot help loving her. These kinds of complexity make characters more realistic. 3.Chronotopos The locational setting of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is not vague, but the name of the place has almost no meaning in this story, Same is true in terms of the temporal dimension. Chronotopos in "Chiaksan" is more realistic. The location is the place the author knows very well. So is the same in case of temporal dimension. The chronotopos in this story is "here and now" type, similar to novel, Enlargement of spatial scale, the concreteness of the locational description, interest of characters' manners and costumes and type of the chronotopos are symptoms of novel found in "Chiaksan". Unlike novel, however, where most of action happen in the 'community', locations of action in "Chiaksan" are usually outside of the 'village' touch as mountain and water mill cottage, etc. The market oriented characters are not protagonist yet in this novel, they are only assistant characters. These means the conditions of novel are not matured enough in "Chiaksan." 4. The causal relationship in the plot The author of "Chiaksan" is too conscious about the probability of the story. He explains too much for each event. This kind of expositions disturb the profess of the story, thus drive the reader's interest out from it. For example, when the father in law informed that his daughter in law has a lover, he ordered his servant bring to him some poison for punish her. In this critical scene, the author spend too much time explaining about the process of getting the poison which destroy the tension of the scene. This is common trait of new novel. Writers are too conscious about the causality of the action, so the readers become distracted. The elements of novel and romance are intermingled in new novel. Even though it is not matured enough to become novel, there are many symptoms of novel found in new novel which initiated the development of novel eventually. The writer of new novel were longing for new ara and new genre of writing, that they wanted rejecte the old narrative method.

제주민요 <서우젯소리>의 분석적 연구

김인규 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

In this study I have concentrated on the musical characteristics of Cheju Islaild with reference to Soˇuje-sori which is well known as a representative folksong of Cheju. Soˇuje-sori has spread throughout the whole island as a farming song, a fishing song, and a entertainment song. The melody of this song can also be found in the shaman rituals. Folksong and shanman music are regarded as preserving the basic musical characteristics of a society. Therefore the musical stucture of Soˇuje-sori may be considered as representative of Cheju folksongs, since it seems to contain all the elements of Cheju folk music. In my study I analysed the melodic structure, and also the rhythmic patterns and musical forms of Soˇuje-sori. I selected 9 Soˇuje-sori from Han'guk u˘Minsok u˘mak-Chejudo pyoˇn; The Folkmusic in Kora-Cheju Island's Section for this study. Seven songs are in C major and two songs are in F major, but I used solmization for ease of comparison. I find preferable because Korean vocal tones do not share the intonation of Western music. One melody of Soˇuje-sori consist of 4 rhythmic cycles(changdan) in a 12/8 pattern. Thrse 4 rhythmic cycles alternate between solo-verse and chorus sections(meginu˘n-sori and pannu˘n-sori) in paired cycles-the former two are solo, and the latter two are chorus. Therefore I divided one melody into four phrases according to the rhythmic cycle, and gave a special number to each phrase. For example, each phrase is subdivided into 4;as 〔195-Ⅰ-메(Me)-앞(Ap)〕. 3. To explain this, 「195」 means own number in Han'guk u˘Minsok i˘mak-Chejudo pyo˘n; The Folkmusic in Kore-Cheju Island's Section,「1」 means the order of the melody, 「메(Me)」 means the solo section, and 「앞 (AP)」 indicates the 1st and 2nd phrases as shown in 〔EXAMPLE 1〕. ◁그림 삽입 ▷ (원문을 참조하세요) I also used the Koreall mensural notation (choˇnganbo) to record the melody line with a solmization. This notation comprises a set of 12 squares (choˇngan); a square is one beat. So Notation 1. is the transcription of the 9 songs which were selected from Han'guk u˘Minsok i˘mak-Chejudo pyo˘n; The Folkmusic in Kore-Cheju Island's Section-. In 〔Notation 1〕 we find some similar musical phrases which have similar melodic patterns. These patterns can be divided into several types as shown in 〔Notation 2〕. However 〔Notation 3〕 shows various strurutural melodies, for example, the most simple structure employs just one tone 「sol」, but the rather complex one has the structure 「sol- la-do-la-sol-mi」. Through detailed analysis, I found 23 kindrs of structural melodies and also identified a common structure 「do-la-sol」. Those 「do-la-sol」 structures are found mainly in the 1st, 2nd 4rd melodies But as an exception, different types of melody structure, either 「sol」 or 「sol-la」, appears in the 3rd phrase of each melody. In conclusion, the musical form of the So˘uje-sori is 「A-A-B-A」, 「A」 means the common melody structure 「do-la-sol」 and 「B」 is the exception.

濟州道 柑橘業의 成長과 構造的 特質에 關한 考察

許仁玉 濟州敎育大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In consequence of search and analysis for the solution of problems after inquiring into the history of citrus industry in Jeju-Do and the characteristics it preserves, it follows; 1) In 1975 the total area in which citrus trees were planted, covered 10,930 hectares and the fruit production amounting to 81,105 T/M took the second placemext to apple of all the fruit production in Korea. 2) Natural species of citrus had long been growing, so the first introduction of improved species took place in the twentieth century, its full-scale growth starting in the 1960, s, which resulted in an increase of 428 times in its production within a span of fifteen years. 3) The background the industry thus rapidly progressed can be ascribed to favorable condition of geographic location, maintenance of price stabilization under protection of the Government and technical inneovation in the growing knowhow. 4) The structural characteristics of citrus industry in Jeju-Do. ① Species structure shows the unitary one, where by the labor force and shipment have to be concentrated within a short span. ② As the average area per household growing is no more than 0.5 hectare, there follows low productivity compared to the operating investment and care, which results in difficulties for the planned shipment for marketing. ③ There many newly established orchards in which the age of citrus trees is mostly under no more than ten years, and thus a rapid increase is estimated in the future production.

셰익스피어의 韓國受容 略史

吳仁哲 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1987 外國文化硏究 Vol.10 No.1

In the history of Korean modern literature and art, new Korean cultural traditions could have been formed land developed under foreign influences. In order to make modern Korean literary history more systematic it is necessary to research the comparative approaches of Korean literature with European literature which influenced Korean literature covertly and overtly. In particular, among the western countries the developed countries literatures-England, German, France, America and so forth-had absolute influence on Korean literature. For instance, in the case of Korean new drama, Korean drama began to receive the western dramas in the course of decaying Korean classical Chang-plays by forces of Japanese New-school plays. The study of Korean acceptance of the western drama is to investigate the history of modern drama and to examine its quality and quantity. Meanwhile, because it is important to determine how Shakespeare, who contributed much to the development of drama world-wide, influenced Korea and how Shakespearean drama played a fundamental role in Korean dramas, they, too, were surveyed. In particular, because Shakespeare has had wide influence on Korean liberal education, literature and Korean dramaturgy as well as the world of Korean works, it is very remarkable to survey the concrete flow, and accentance process and influential relations. This is a study investigating the background of the Korean modern spirit. Strictly speaking, the history of modern Korean literature and art is not yet well enough arranged. Especially, these studies are not sufficient in the view of comparative literary approaches. There is a book written by Kim Byungcheol-'A study on the history of Korean modern translated literature'-but it is said that me merely arranged those materials into his book. Therefore, in the present situation it is urgent to have more concre te and profund studies in terms of important authors and countries. This dissertation intends to materially systemize the history of accepting Shakespeare from the point of view of comparative literary approaches. This dissertation adapts comparative approaches and actual proof approaches of Korean drama and drama world-wide synchronically. The reason is that it is necessary to the historical approaches as this study is to establish the history of modern Korean drama, and further the history of modern Korean literary art. Owing to the lack of existing studies in this field, it is essential to arrange the related materials in detail and to adapt the actual proof approaches of it. This study aims primarily to arrange the history of accepting Shakespeare in the above mentioned respects with explication. Furthermore, this is an attempt to look for how Shakespeare has influenced and improved the development of modern Korean drama and also how be has been influential in determining what direction Korean drama would take. Ultimately this dissertation is to contribute to the establishment of the history of Korean drama. It was just the age of englightenment and the sprouting periods in new civilization when William Shakespeare, the English dramatist, was introduced into korea for the first time. At that time, with a name that looked so strange to the korean people, Shakespeare seemed to be not a person as dramatist, but the greatest man that ever lived among the great names of history. Therefore, even his works were introduced only partially, not as a whole. Owing to these reasons, it became known for the first time after the 1919 samil Independence Movement by korean students studying in Tokyo that Shakespeare was a famo is dramatist of England. That is all very well, but, just after the Samil Movement the whole aspect of Shakespeare did not throw any light uopn Korean people. Korean students studying in Japan, who read several works of shakespeare's were interested in him and a few young literary enthusiasts versed in Chinese classics began to introduce him little by little Korea. Such a way of introducing Shakespeare has continued until it became a turniug point in modern Korean history at the time of the 1945 Liberation of Korea. For this neason, Shakespeare was quite alien to Korean people and only several of his plays were introduced with difficulty. In iact, if Shakespeare were on intimate terms with the people, it could be possible through the stage in the theatre. By the time when korean Liberation came, there was no theatrical company to digest and perform the plays of Shakespeare. This is why Shakespeare didn't take root deeply in Korea. But, after the Korean war of 1950~1953, the state of affairs was changed in a hurry. The korean war offered an oppertunity to accept European culture into Korea at first hand, and with the sudden development of colleges, Shakespeare, who can't be expelled from the western culture, came to this land without compulsion. Shakespeare became a compulsory subject in the university curriculum and professors belonging to the department of English literature had to write theses about Shakespeare. Furthermore, theatrical companies ususlly performed Shakespeare's plays regarding those abilities as the moment of making their substance stronger with the feeling for their sense of duty. Finally, they thought that a good theatrical company was able to perform Shakespeare's plays for the sake of winning publio recognition. From the starting point of the Korean war, so much like this, the situation was changed for the better so far as Shakespeare at least was concerned. For instance, as to studying Shakespeare, since the days of Choe Jae-seo, the Shakespearean of the 1950s, lots of theses were given every year, and all the works of Shakespeare had been translated by the scholars who majored in English literature. It is said that Shakespeare's works are on the list of good books, so most of the educated people should read them as required. So, to many Shakesqeare is very well known and closely related with Korean people.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

In_0.5(Ga_1-xAl_x)_0.5P/GaAs 이중 이종접합 구조의 Contactless Electroreflectance에 관한 연구

김정화,조현준,배인호,Kim, Jeong-Hwa,Jo, Hyun-Jun,Bae, In-Ho 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.2

Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD)법으로 성장된 $In_{0.5}(Ga_{1-x}Al_x)_{0.5}P$/GaAs 이중 이종접합 구조의 특성을 contactless electroreflectance (CER) 분광법으로 조사하였다. CER 측정은 변조전압($V_{ac}$), 온도 및 dc 바이어스 전압($V_{bias}$)의 함수로 수행하였다. 상온에서는 5개의 신호가 관측되었는데, 이 신호들은 각각 GaAs, $In_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.73}Al_{0.27})_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.5}Al_{0.5})_{0.5}P$ 및 $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.2}Al_{0.8})_{0.5}P$ 전이에 관련된 것이다. CER 스펙트럼의 온도 의존성으로부터 Varshni 계수 및 평탄인 자를 구하였다. 그리고 인가전압에 따른 신호의 진폭은 순방향 바이어스 전압 인가시 점차로 감소하나, 역방향 바이어스 전압 인가시에는 반대의 경향을 보였다. We have investigated the contactless electroreflectance (CER) properties of $In_{0.5}(Ga_{1-x}Al_x)_{0.5}P$/GaAs double heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The CER measurements on the sample were studied as a function of temperature, modulation voltage ($V_{ac}$), and dc bias voltage ($V_{bias}$). Five signals observed at room temperature are related to the GaAs, $In_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.73}Al_{0.27})_{0.5}P$, $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.5}Al_{0.5})_{0.5}P$, and $In_{0.5}(Ga_{0.2}Al_{0.8})_{0.5}P$ transitions, respectively. From the temperature dependence of CER spectrum, the Varshni coefficients and broadening parameters were determined and discussed. In addition, we found that the behavior of the CER amplitude for the reverse bias is larger than that of the forward.

Erikson, Piaget, Sears의 發達理論에 있어 基本假說上의 類似點과 差異點의 比較

金仁洙 釜山敎育大學 1977 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.13 No.2

In the foregoing discussion of similarities and differences inherent in the three theories, one point emerges as particularly significant. As Stock and Thelen conculded in a different context, logical rather than empirical means promise the greatest opportunity for reconciling differences. To review these differences, then: basic assumption and opinion for development. A comparison of Similarities and Differences on basic Assumption In addition to reconciling sementic differences, it is important to inspect and to compare each theory's foundation of basic premises. In this discussion, the selected theorise are reviewed together in terms of their basic construction and in light of the assumptions they make concerning the nature of human life. the etiology of human behavior, the core of human behavior, and the environmental factors which in fluence development. Comparison of Theory Construction and Methodology gean Piaget strives to establish a universal system of individual development which is consistent with the collective intellectual development of mankind. Erik H. Erikson by contrust, endearvors to understand aech individual in his uniquely complex situation in life. Sears contributes furthere to his understanding through his study of man within his social learning martrix. In their approaches to the formulation of theory, Piaget and Erikson operate deductively, Sears inductively, Piaget first constructs his theoretical model, then proceeds to test each of it's parts. Erikson relies upon the psychoanalyic model with specific emphasis upon sociol cultural factors as codeterminants. Sears adheres primarily to the edict of Clark L. Hull. Although all agree that the natural environment provides the most favorable laboratory conditions for measuring personality development, each differs with respect to methodlogy of investigation and to the developmental aspect to be investigated. Piaget structures his research in order to isolate variables of thought processes, aiming to learn precisely how one in dividual thinks about and ore problem. Yet despite these markedly different research proedures, the finding of each theorist are strikingly noncontradictory, and they become remarkably complementary when superimposed upon one another. In the nature of human life, all three theorists believe in the reqularity of human growth and development as wellas in the partial predictability of human behavior. Each ventures to investigate for himself and his contemporaries those facets of human life experience which are of particular interest to him. In Etiology of hum behavior, they all build upon an evolutionary view of the development of human behavior, but in dissimilar ways. Sears considers human behavior to be the product of stimulus-response learning. Piaget and Sears might take issue with Erikson's psychoanalytic assumption that human behavior results from needs and motivation cosistently internally nurtured. In the core determinant of human behavior, Each of the theorists depends upon a different assumption in his defenition of the determanants of humand behavior. Piaget emphasis uopn congnitive comprehension as the decisine factor. in all human behavior. Erikson consider that affective(emotional)processes furnish the basic motivations for all human behavior. Sears suggests that a person's behavior is in itself of overiding importance, past experience being the foundation for new behavior. In environmental influences, Erikson bases his trust in the adaptive power and creative capacity of both the individual and the social environment. This adaptive potential in each human being is rooted for Erikson in each individal's emotional makeup. He is willing to concede that intellectual potential does help, while for Piaget, it determines man's course. Sears sees man as the creator and the recipient of his own environment. He would be likely to include all imaginable environmental factors-includingthose outside the range of direct influence upon the child-maintaining that all have relevance to the emotional development of the chield.

고형배지의 종류가 수경재배 멜론의 품종별 과실의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향

전하준,황진규,김인규,손미자 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2004 생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

In order to examine how growth substances influence to fruit growth and its quality, we cultivated 3 different kinds of melons which grown in hydroponic system into 3 different types of growth substances, such as perlite, perlite/rock wool and rock wool/perlite. In this experiment, “Siroi Kagayaki”, showed no significant difference in fruit weight and its diameter in any of growth substances, but higher in plant height in perlite/rock wool than Perlite. In case of “TS-1806”, there were no significant differences in soluble solids, fruit weight and diameter in all the substances. However, it showed longer in fruit length in rock wool / perlite than that in perlite/ rock wool. In addition, the soluble solids in placenta and flesh were higher in perlite than those in rock wool/perlite.