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Joo, Hyunjoo,Choi, Jong Hyuk,Burm, Eunae,Park, Hyesook,Hong, Yun-Chul,Kim, Yangho,Ha, Eun-Hee,Kim, Yeni,Kim, Bung-Nyun,Ha, Mina Elsevier 2018 The Science of the total environment Vol.615 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Although the association between lead exposure and children's neurodevelopment has been studied, gender differences remain to be investigated. We examined the effects of lead exposure on the neurobehavioral development of 5-year-old children to identify the vulnerable time window of exposure and potential gender difference.</P> <P><B>Method</B></P> <P>A total of 1751 pregnant women and children participated in the prospective birth cohort study, Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study, since 2006. Lead levels were measured in the maternal blood in early and late pregnancies, in cord blood at birth, and in 2-, 3-, and 5-year-old children's blood. The behavior of 575 children aged 5years were assessed using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist. The association between the blood lead level at each time window and behavior was examined using a generalized linear model adjusted for potential confounders and covariates.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Lead levels at late pregnancy were significantly associated with increased risk of behavioral problems in males. Lead levels in 2- and 5-year-old children's blood significantly increased behavioral risks in females: for a 1-μg/dL increase in blood lead levels, the score for total behavioral problems increased by 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–5.45) during the late pregnancy in males, whereas it increased by 3.82 (95% CI: 1.25–6.39) at 2years and by 5.72 (95% CI: 0.44–10.99) at 5years in females with a stronger effect in attention and sleep problems.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Effects of lead toxicity on children's neurobehavioral development showed gender differences. Males were more susceptible to prenatal exposure, while females were more susceptible to postnatal exposure with stronger effects in attention and sleep problems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Appreciation on gender differences is useful for understanding the mechanism underlying neurodevelopmental toxicity. </LI> <LI> Behavioral problems in 5-years’ children were examined in association with blood lead levels from prenatal to 5years. </LI> <LI> Behavioral problems significantly increased by increase of lead exposure at prenatal in male while at postnatal in female. </LI> <LI> Females with postnatal lead exposure showed a stronger association in attention and sleep problems than males. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
YOON, HYUNJOO,LEE, JOO-YEON,SUK, HEE-JIN,LEE, SUNAH,LEE, HEEYOUNG,LEE, SOOMIN,YOON, YOHAN International Association for Food Protection 2012 Journal of food protection Vol.75 No.12
<P>This study developed models to predict the growth probabilities and kinetic behavior of Salmonella enterica strains on cutting boards. Polyethylene coupons (3 by 5 cm) were rubbed with pork belly, and pork purge was then sprayed on the coupon surface, followed by inoculation of a five-strain Salmonella mixture onto the surface of the coupons. These coupons were stored at 13 to 35°C for 12 h, and total bacterial and Salmonella cell counts were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar, respectively, every 2 h, which produced 56 combinations. The combinations that had growth of ≥0.5 log CFU/cm2 of Salmonella bacteria recovered on XLD agar were given the value 1 (growth), and the combinations that had growth of <0.5 log CFU/cm2 were assigned the value 0 (no growth). These growth response data from XLD agar were analyzed by logistic regression for producing growth/no growth interfaces of Salmonella bacteria. In addition, a linear model was fitted to the Salmonella cell counts to calculate the growth rate (log CFU per square centimeter per hour) and initial cell count (log CFU per square centimeter), following secondary modeling with the square root model. All of the models developed were validated with observed data, which were not used for model development. Growth of total bacteria and Salmonella cells was observed at 28, 30, 33, and 35°C, but there was no growth detected below 20°C within the time frame investigated. Moreover, various indices indicated that the performance of the developed models was acceptable. The results suggest that the models developed in this study may be useful in predicting the growth/no growth interface and kinetic behavior of Salmonella bacteria on polyethylene cutting boards.</P>
Lee, Hyunjoo J,Son, Yoojin,Kim, Jeongyeon,Lee, C Justin,Yoon, Eui-Sung,Cho, Il-Joo Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Lab on a chip Vol.15 No.6
<P>Multi-functional neural probes integrated with various stimulation modalities are becoming essential tools in neuroscience to study the brain more effectively. In this paper, we present a new multi-functional neural probe that allows chemical stimulation through drug delivery and simultaneous recording of individual neuron signals through a microelectrode array. By embedding microchannels in silicon using a proposed glass reflow process, we successfully fabricated 40 μm thick silicon neural probes suitable for small animal experiments. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms that impedance of iridium microelectrodes is low enough (<1 Mω at 1 kHz) to measure neural signals. Flow rate characterization in a 0.9% w/v agarose gel shows the capability to deliver a small volume of drugs (<1 μl) at a controlled flow rate. We demonstrate the viability and potential of this new probe by conducting in vivo experiments on mice. Because of the proposed compact structure, both action potentials of individual neurons and local field potentials (LFP) at the thalamus region of a mouse brain were successfully detected with a noise level of ~30 μVpp. Furthermore, we successfully induced absence seizure by injecting seizure-inducing drugs (baclofen) at a local target region and observed distinctive changes in neural signal patterns. Specifically, spike-wave discharge (SWD), which is an indicative signal pattern of absence seizure, was successfully recorded. These signals were also directly compared to SWD detected after inducing absence seizure through direct injection of baclofen through the abdomen. This work demonstrates the potential of our multi-functional neural probes for use in effective investigation of brain functions and disorders by using widely available mouse models.</P>
Pai, Hyunjoo,Kim, Jae Deok,Cheon, Seung-Min,Chang, Sun-Joo,Lim, Young-Hyo,Kim, Young-Kwon,Lee, Bok Kwon,Kim, Seonghan 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5
2000년도 5월에서 8월까지 제주도에 Shigella sonnei 장염의 유행이 있었다. 저자들은 유행당시 치료 실패례에서 분리된 이질균 54균주의 내성 플라스미드를 분석하였다. 54균주는 ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, 및 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole에 내성이었다. Ampicillln, streptomycin, 및 tetracycline 내성은 약 80 kb 크기의 접합성 플라스미드에 의하여 전이되었으나 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole은 플라스미드에 의하여 전파되지 않았다. 플라스미드의 내성 지역을 클로닝하였다. 총 8384 bp 염기서열을 분석한 결과, strA, strB, tetR, 및 sul1 유전자가 존재하였고 기술된 순서대로 위치하였다. 54균주는 같은 크기의 플라스미드를 보유하고 있었으며 같은 리보타이핑 소견을 보여주어 유행내 단일균의 전파를 제시하였다. A large outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastrointestinal infections occurred at Cheju Island in Korea from May to August 2000. We selected 54 strains which were isolated from the primary treatment failure cases in the outbreak, and characterized the resistance-determining region of the R-plasmid. The 54 strains showed same antimicrobial resistance patterns; resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were mediated by a conjugable plasmid of about 80 kb size, but the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was not transferred by this plasmid. The R-determining region of the plasmid was cloned and characterized. The 8,384 bp sequences contained resistance genes in the following order:strA, strB, tetR, tetA, and sul1. Fifty four isolates harbored the same sized plasmid and showed same ribotyping patterns, which suggested the clonal spread of S. sonnei in the outbreak.
Versatile Size and Shape Microlens Arrays With High Numerical Apertures
Lee, Hyunjoo J.,Yanghee Kim,Eui-Sung Yoon,Il-Joo Cho IEEE 2014 Journal of microelectromechanical systems Vol.23 No.4
<P>We present close-packed microlens arrays (MLAs) with high numerical aperture (NA) over a large range of dimensions based on glass blowing process and replication method. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) MLAs with diameters from \(50~\mu \) m to 1 mm and a high NA of 0.37 (maximum achievable NA for a PDMS plano-convex lens) are demonstrated, which are difficult to achieve with the conventional methods for large microlenses. In addition, MLAs with various fill-factors up to 96.1% and different base shapes are demonstrated. By adjusting the cavity depth and the chamber pressure, the ratio of sag height and diameter can be further adjusted.</P>