Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

한국교회의 공공성 회복을 위한 역사적, 신학적, 문화적 고찰

최형근(Choi, Hyung- keun) 한국선교신학회 2009 선교신학 Vol.21 No.-

Historical, Theological, and Cultural Reflections for the Restoration of Publicity of the Korean Church Choi, Hyung- keun Seoul Theological Seminary The purpose of this article is to reflect and examine status quo of the Korean church becoming a private religion, not enabling to reveal the kingdom values, and losing social credibility to the Korean society and the public characteristics of the gospel. We need to examine how the church has maintained its identity as God’s pilgrim people and the body of Christ throughout the history. First, the early church experienced God’s sovereignty and rule through worship, realized the meaning of the body of Christ through koinonia, and became witnesses to the world on these inner unities. The early church was not a sub-culture belonged to the dominate culture, but formed an alternative culture in Greco-Roman cultural circumstance. Not only was it spiritual renewal, but also social revolution. Second, Christianity became the official or state religion of the Reman empire by the recognition of the Roman emperor Constantine. Thus the church was compromised with the state, meaning that the church gave up to be involved in public affairs and reduced the gospel and salvation to private experience of heaven which is very much dualistic approach to the gospel, mission and salvation. Third, though the Reformation succeeded with the emphases on the importance of faith under the slogan of three sola, sola Scriptura, sola Fide, sola Gratia, it had doubted the authority and authenticity of the Christian tradition. So we cannot deny that it had accelerated the secularization process of the Enlightenment modernism. Forth, the Enlightenment modernism does not provide the way of which the gospel is recognized as “public truth.” In modernism there is no room for religious truth as public truth or fact that must be proven by scientific researches. Against the modernistic worldview which is rational, optimistic, mechanistic and cause/effect-oriented, postmodernism tries to focus its tendency on pluralistic spiritualities that have no claim any absolute truth claimed by religions or fact proven by science. Rather it regards individual self as the most important value. In postmodern paradigm religion is regarded as a private option to choose, not the objective truth. To people living in a postmodern world, it is important whether it can function for satisfying their desire or not. The more the private sphere becomes religious, the more the public sphere becomes secular. And in private spheres religions may be comfortable and free from any secular influences, but it makes religions disengage with public spheres, “real world” such as socio-cultural, political, and economic areas. This phenomenon has been happened in the Korean church that has deeply influenced from American culture and Christianity. What the Korean church is facing is lack of boldness of proclaiming the gospel in public sphere. Our boldness and the church’s real identity must be related to the life of the church being with the poor and the marginalized from the society. From a theological perspective the Korean church today tends to be the one who loses theological relevance and the biblical truth. When the church and theology only function outside of social, economic, and political sphere, it would be defeated by the dominant culture. The authentic task of theology is to be the public confession in uncovering oppression and proclaiming the good news of the gospel. Today what we must point out is that the church recovers the holistic dimension of the gospel in order to restore the God’s world of creation with the integration of tradition, reason and experience on the basis of the Bible. We need to be aware of the fact that the plausibility of our society and culture imbedded in individualism and secular belief systems prevent from realizing the task of the church to reform and transform the culture and society.

단일층 다결정 실리콘 플래시 EEPROM 셀의 설계, 제작 및 전기적인 특성 분석

박근형 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2012 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, a new single polysilicon flash EEPROM's cell with a select transistor was proposed. The device was designed and fabricated using the Hynix 0.35 μm CMOS processes, and then the electrical characteristics of the fabricated devices were measured. From the measurement results, it was found that the devices showed very excellent performance of the program, the erase and the read operations. In addition, the devices showed very excellent endurance characteristics. Therefore it is sure that the single polysilicon flash EEPROM's cell proposed in this paper can be adequate for an embedded EEPROM device in the future.

LDI(LCD driver Ic)의 응답 시간을 향상시키기 위한 선행 강조 구동 회로 설계

박근형, 손홍희, 정인석 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2008 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.16 No.1

-본문참고-

식물성 기름의 단독 및 혼합이 도우넛 튀김유로서의 특성에 미치는 영향

李根保,金亨烈 瑞逸專門大學 1991 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

시판 옥배유, 면실유, 대두유 및 미강유를 각각 단독 및 2~4종 혼합한 혼합유를 도우넛 튀김용 기름으로 사용하여 185±2℃에서 5시간동안 가열하면서 매 시간별로 도우넛을 튀긴 다음 이 도우넛으로부터 기름성분을 추출하여 본 연구의 시료유로 하였다. 이 시료유들의 산값, 과산화물값, Lovibond color, 발연점 및 AOM 안정성을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 즉, 도우넛 튀김유로서는 면실유와 미강유가 우수하였고, 옥배유와 대두유는 부적당하였다. 이러한 결과들로 볼 때 도우넛 튀김용 기름으로는 면실유-미강유, 옥배유-면실유-미강유 및 옥배유-면실유-대두유-미강유의 혼합유계가 가장 적합하였다. Frying oils for doughnut, used for the investigation, were domestic corn germ, cottonseed, soybean and rice bran oil as well as all sorts of blented oils. Blending ratio of constituent oils for manufacturing of sample blended oils was same amount(v/v). Sample oils in this investigation are obtained by solvent extraction used for diethyl ether from doughnut samples. At thisn time, doughnuts are fried during 5 hours at 185±2℃, which is carried out 1 hour unit. We are obtained as followed result from changes of acid and peroxide value, Lovibond color, smoke point AOM stability of these sample oils. That is to say, frying stability was increased to the blending oils, cottonseed and rice bran oil were suitable but soybean and corn germ oil were not suitable as base oil of blended oil in oder to frying of doughnut. From these results, frying oil of doughnut was most suitable blended oils, which is cottonseed oil-rice bran oil, corn germ oil-cottonseed oil-rice bran oil and corn germ oil-cottonseed oil-soybean oil-rice bran oil etc.

TRISS Method와 ASCOT Method를 이용한 외상환자의 생존율 분석

김형수,배성만,양혁준,박철완,이근,고영관 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Despite traumatic injuries cause serious problems in our society, there are few adequate and objective scoring system that assess the severtiy of trauma patients. The Major Trauma Outcome Study(MTOS)in United States deisgned the TRISS(Trauma Score & Injury Severity Score)method by means of Revised Trauma Score(RTS),Injury Severity Score(ISS0,and age,while Champion et al deviced ASCOT(A Severtriy Characterizaiton Of Trauma)method to overcome the limitation of TRISS. This study attempted to make a comparison between TRISS and ASCOT by using date for 422 injured patients which were collected form September,1993 to February,1994. Ascot and TRISS were compared in their sensutivity,Specificity,disparity and Z-statistics. 1)Sex ratio of male to female was 2.8:1 and the commonest age of trauma patients was thirties (23.8%). 2)The average probability of survival(Ps)for 442 patient by TRISS method was 0.9228 and that of ASCOT method 0.9356. 3)Disparity of Ps between survival and non-survival using TRISS and ASCOT was relatively low for both indexes as 0.3507 and 0.3296, respectively. 4)The sensitivity rates(number of patients predicted to die who actually died/total who actually died)for the non-survival of both TRISS and ASCOT method were low (35.0%),but the specificity rates(number of patients predicted to live who actually lived/total who actually lived)for the survival of TRISS and ASCOT were 99.1%and 99.6%respectively. 5)Z-statistics(difference between predicted and actual number of death)of both TRISS(1.3224)and ASCOT(1.2234)resulted in positive value which meant that actual number of death exeeded predicted number of death. 6)The ASCOT that have presumed to be more accurate method for patients with head trauma and with multiple injuries to one portion of body,had its intricacy and difficult points in practical application. And the difference between the result of ASCOT and TRISS was not so significant. 7)It is thought that a new, more comprehensive index would like to be developed and thoroughly tested on a variety of data sets in order for it to be used in trauma system quality assurance evaluation.

초음파 에코파형의 웨이브렛 변환과 비파괴평가에의 응용

박익근,박은수,안형근,권숙인,변재원 한국비파괴검사학회 2000 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.20 No.6

초음파 에코파형의 시간-주파수해석법으로 Wigner 분포와 웨이브렛 변환 등과 같은 새로운 신호처리 기법이 비파괴평가 분야에 널리 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 웨이브렛 변환(Wavelet transform)에 의한 음속과 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성과 초음파 결함신호의 잡음제거의 유용성 유무를 실험적으로 검증하였다. Gabor 함수를 웨이브렛의 기본 함수로 사용하였다. 초음파의 에코파형에 포함된 각 주파수성분의 속도와 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성을 추정할 수 있었으며, 초음파탐상에서 결함의 검출능 향상과 결함크기 산정의 정량화에 접근하기 위해 웨이브렛 변환에 의한 S/N 비신호처리 시뮬레이션 결과를 오스테나이트강 스텐인레스 용접부에 가공한 EDM 노치의 초음파 결함신호에 적용한 결과 임상에코를 저감하고 S/N 비를 개선하는 것이 가능하였다. Recently, advanced signal analysis which is called "time-frequency analysis" has been used widely in nondestructive evaluation appications. Wavelet transform(WT) and Wigner Distribution are the most advanced techniques for processing signals with time-varying spectra. Wavelet analysis method is an attractive technique for evaluation of material characterization nondestructively. Wavelet transform is applied to the time-frequency analysis of ultrasonic echo waveform obtained by an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique, In this study, the feasibility of noise suppression of ultrasonic flaw signal and frequency-dependent ultrasonic group velocity and attenuation coefficient using wavelet analysis of ultrasonic echo waveform have been verified experimentally. The Gabor function is adopted the analyzing wavelet. The wavelet analysis show that the variations of ultrasonic group velocity and attenuation coefficient due to the change of material characterization can be evaluated at each frequency. Furthermore, to assure the enhancement of detectability and flaw sizing performance, both computer simulated results and experimental measurements using wavelet signal processing are used to demonstrate the effectibeness of the noise suppression of ultrasonic flaw signal obtained from austenitic stainless steel weld including EDM notch.

자연기흉에서 흉강경 검사와 HRCT를 이용한 폐기포의 Mapping 및 수술적 적응

허균,이석열,박형주,이철세 순천향의학연구소 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.1

Spontaneous pneumothorax develops frequently in young, slender men and can be life threatening in a severe case. Treatment modalities consist of conservative treatment, thoracentesis and closed thoracostomy. However, for the radical treatment, bullectomy through open thoracotomy is necessary. Recently video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy has become popular as a principal surgical treatment modality. Video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy has advantages over open thoracotomy in many aspects but the recurrence rate is higher than open thoracotomy because blebs can be missed in operation due to a limited operative view. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of bullae using appropriate diagnostic modalities is important before operation. To present, only chest radiography and computerized tomography have been used routinely in order to determine the location and degree of bullae. This study was performed to analyze and compare the efficacy of diagnostic modalities on patients who underwent preoperative thoracoscopic examination and HRCT with the final operative findings of subsequent video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy. A total of 35 patients with more than 50% pneumothorax who received thoracoscopic examination prior to closed thoracostomy and chest HRCT upon full expansion of the lung were enrolled in this prospective study. The presence and location of bullae in each modality were compared. On the basis of these data, video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy was performed under general anesthesia and final results were analyzed. Comparisons of the pre and post-operative findings lead to conclusion that chest HRCT was more effective than thoracoscopic examination on preoperative detection of preoperative detection of bullae.

男女 大學生 籠球授業 滿足度에 관한 硏究

李潤根,金炯均 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 體育硏究 Vol.- No.13

The purpose of this study is to examine the contentment for wind surfing class, 62 of male-student and 54 of female-student were paricipated in questionnaire which based on the necessary, contentment, curriculum, facility and teaching method and etc. The results are following like this : For a question asking about the contentment of basket ball class there were significant difference between male and female student. About the question for curriculum of basket ball class there were not significant difference male and female student. On the question about facility it can not find the significant difference between male and female student. In addition female-student and male-student agreed to the question about teaching method. Lastly they were demaneded to write something about improvement. They required to development of facility and incidental facility. Especially female student want to have special program for womens'. Therefore it must be needed to extend the facility, incidental facility and improved curriculum for the better basket ball class.

복합적인 레지스트 패턴 붕괴현장의 역학적 해석

이형주,박준택,안일신,김옥근,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2003 이학기술연구지 Vol.6 No.-

패턴의 선폭이 100nm이하로 작아짐에 따라 패턴이 부러지고, 휘고, 떨어져 나가는 현상이 발생하는데 이러한 현상을 패턴 붕괴 현상이라고 하며, 반도체 생산과 수율에 많은 영향을 미친다. 패턴 붕괴 현상은 리소그래피 과정 중 현상 후 세척액을 건조하는 과정에서 주로 발생하며 세척액의 표면장력에 의한 모세관 현상이 주된 원인으로 알려져 있다. 패턴 붕괴 현상을 시뮬레이션하기 위하여 패턴이 세척액에 의해서 균일한 압력을 받을 때와 집중 압력을 받을 때의 역학적 모델을 세우기 각각의 모델을 통하여 선폭과 패턴간의 거리에 따른 임계 높이/선폭비 (aspect ratio) 를 계산하여 실제 실험 결과와 일치하는 모델을 선정하였다. 또한 패턴 내부에 생기는 stress 에 의한 부러짐 현상과 패턴 과 레지스트 패턴 하부 층 사이의 접착력 부족으로 발생하는 떨어짐 현상을 해석하였다. High aspect ratio resist patterns with dimensions below 100 nm often bend, break or tear. These phenomena are generically called "resist pattern collapse". Pattern collapse is a very serious problem in fine patterning of less than 100 nm critical dimension (CD), so that it decreases the yield. In order to mechanically analyze this phenomenon and create its simulator, two models have been made and compared. In this paper, various approaches with various analyses are made to understand pattern collapse. Also, the critical aspect ratio for 100 nm node, that determines whether pattern collapse happens or not, can be calculated with these approaches. Finally, tear type caused by insufficiency of adhesion strength between the substrate and the resist is analyzed with a point of view of the surface free energy.