短杭의 引拔低抗力과 SCALE EFFECT에 關한 實驗的 硏究

李裕根,尹龍喆,李炯來 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

本 實驗은 杭의 직경을 변화시킨 경우 短杭의 引拔低抗力 實驗的으로 考察했다. 다음은 杭基礎의 引拔低抗力 實驗을 행한 결과를 요약한 것이다. 引拔低抗力과 變位量과의 關係에 있어서 地盤의 다짐정도에 따라 전체적 경향이 다르게 나타났다. 이는 전단대발생 Pattern의 차이가 원인인 것으로 생각할 수 있었지만 여기에 대한 상세한 것은 금후 발표할 예정이다. 그리고 地盤의 다짐정도가 클수록 限界 引拔低抗力은 根入深에 대해서 一次函數的으로 증가했지만 杭의 직경이 클수록 감소했다. 이는 杭의 Scale effect가 원인인 것으로 생각할 수 있지만 금후 상세한 검토를 행할 필요가 있다. 本 實驗에 있어서는 杭의 直徑 43㎜경우를 제외하면 Loose sand상태에 대해서만 實驗을 행하고 지금까지 연구발표된 결과를 토대로 고찰을 행했지만 금후 Dense sand 상태에서의 실험도 행할 필요가 있다. 또 실제 전단대발생에 의한 진행성파괴에 대해서 상세히 고찰할 필요가 있다. The uplift capacity and the scale effect of short piles are important to the rational design of pile foundation. Therefore, this paper discribes the results of an experimental consideration on the uplift capacity and scale effect of short pile. The Pile used in the pull-out test is the cylindrical concrete piles. Pile diameter is 43㎜, 66㎜ and 83㎜. The pile length of embedment is 20㎝~40㎝. Pull-out tests were carried out using sand have two densities : loose these results, the following conclusions were obtained : The rate of increase in ultimate uplift capacity become larger due to the increase in the pile length of the embedment and the unit weight of sand. The larger the pile diameter is, the larger ultimate uplift capacity increases. The larger the pile diameter is, the smaller ultimate uplift capacity per unit area decreases.

읽기 쓰기 통합 교수 학습 실행 연구읽기 쓰기 통합 교수 학습 실행 연구 : 초등학교 5학년 ㅁㅁ말하기ㅁㅁ듣기ㅁㅁ쓰기ㅁㅁ, ㅁㅁ읽기ㅁㅁ를 중심으로

이형래 한국초등국어교육학회 2006 한국초등국어교육 Vol.31 No.-

읽기와 쓰기는 의미구성이라는 인지 처리 과정을 갖는 언어 사용 행위이다. 따라서 이들을 분절적으로 지도하는 것보다 의미구성 과정에서의 공통점을 바탕으로 통합적인 관점에서 지도하는 것이 필요하다. 통합적 지도는 읽기와 쓰기 능력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 읽기와 쓰기의 통합 교수 학습 실행의 중요한 요인으로 ‘교과서 요인’과 ‘교사 요인’을 설정하였다. 읽기와 쓰기의 통합에 대한 논의가 주로 교재인 교과서를 중심으로 이루어져왔으나 교사 요인 또한 통합적 교수 학습 상황에 매우 중요한 요인이 된다. 따라서 교사의 의도나 목적에 의해 통합적 교수 학습이 이루어지는 실행 양상을 살펴보는 것은 의미가 크다. 이 연구에서는 이들 요소가 읽기와 쓰기의 실제적인 통합 실행 과정에 어떻게 작용하는지를 탐구하였다. 이를 위해 ㅁㅁ말하기ㅁ듣기ㅁ쓰기ㅁㅁ,ㅁㅁ읽기ㅁㅁ 교과서에 있는 읽기와 쓰기 통합 단원의 교수 학습 과정에서 실행되는 읽기 쓰기의 양상을 탐색하였다. 󰡔말하기․듣기․쓰기󰡕 통합 교수 학습에서는 ‘교과서 요인’이 통합의 중심적 기능을 하였고, 󰡔읽기󰡕 교수 학습에서는 ‘교사 요인’이 통합의 중심적 기능을 하였다. 이러한 탐구를 통해 학교 현장에서 이루어지는 읽기 쓰기 통합 교수 학습 과정에 요구되는 읽기 쓰기 통합 교수 학습 전략을 도출하였다. 이 연구를 통해 읽기 쓰기 통합 실행을 결정하는 요소가 ‘교과서 요인’과 ‘교사 요인’이라는 점을 확인하였다. 이는 읽기 쓰기 통합 교수 학습 연구를 위해 교과서와 교사에 더 많은 관심을 가져야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the 'textbook factor' and the 'teacher factor' on the practical process for the integrated teaching of reading and writing. For this purpose, the aspects of reading and writing which are performed in the integrative units of ㅁㅁSpeakingㅁListeningㅁWritingㅁㅁ and ㅁㅁReading󰡕 textbooks are investigated. In the integrative teaching of ㅁㅁSpeakingㅁ ListeningㅁWritingㅁㅁ, the 'textbook factor' plays a central role. And in the ㅁㅁReadingㅁㅁ, the 'teacher factor' does. Such a research would provide reading and writing strategies about integrated teaching of reading and writing which is performed in the school field. This study has confirmed the determinants for the integrated teaching of reading and writing are the 'textbook factor' and the 'teacher factor'. This suggests that the more concerns about the textbooks should be needed for the study on the integration of reading and writing. Also, the further research is needed because the teachers' intention has a huge effects on the integrated teaching of reading and writing.

해수 취수 설비의 부착생물 제거를 위한 현장 모의 실험

이형래 진주산업대학교 2000 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.7

Many seawater organisms stick to the inner parts of fish-farm pipelines and conglomerate there, which increases the roughness coefficient of pipelines, causing much energy loss, and sometimes completely blocks up the pipelines. The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient method to reduce or remove those sticking organisms from the pipelines. Some meaningful fudings are as follows: 1. The D0 of the one-end-closed pipeline drops below the survival limit of sticking organisms(2ppm) after 2weeks of closing. The geat deviation of DO consumption in thefield experiment is caused by the vibration of equipments due to waves. The actual facilities will not be influenced by such vibrations, so this deviation can be ignored. 2. The DO consumption of the one-end-closed pipeline is 2ppm larger in summer than in winter, the cause of which seems to be that the organisms are mere active in summer. 3. The one-end-closed pipeline shows the same DO consumption in the fresh water and the seawater, which means that the same pipeline system can be applied to both the fresh water and the seawater.

교실 독서토론 모형에 관한 연구

이형래 한국초등국어교육학회 2009 한국초등국어교육 Vol.39 No.-

이 연구에서는 교실에서 읽기 수업의 일환으로 독서토론을 할 수 있도록 교실 독서토론 모형을 구안하였다. 학교에서는 대회 중심의 독서토론 대회가 이루어지고 있기 때문에 학생 참여가 배제되고 있다. 찬반 논의형 독서토론은 의미 있는 독서토론을 이끌어내지 못하고 있다. 교실에서도 실질적인 독서토론이 이루어지고 있지 않다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 교실 수업 친화적인 독서토론 모형을 구안하였다. 교실 독서토론 모형은 읽기 수업 중심의 독서토론을 의미한다. 모둠이 독서토론에서 중요한 구실을 하며 학생들의 의견의 상호작용을 중시한다. 교실 독서토론은 읽기 수업의 학습목표를 활용하며, 교사가 사회자의 역할을 하며 독서토론을 안내하며, 교과서의 글을 독서토론의 중요한 자료로 활용한다. 교실 독서토론 모형은 토론자를 학생 독자로 고려하며, 토론의 단위인 모둠의 역할을 강조한다. 모둠은 학생들이 적극적으로 독서토론에 참여하도록 촉진해준다. 교사는 사회자가 되어 학생들이 원활하게 의견을 교류할 수 있도록 지원한다. 교실 독서토론에서는 읽기 수업과 같이 교과서의 글이 독서토론의 텍스트가 된다. 교실 독서토론 모형은 ‘안내하기’, ‘읽기’, ‘내용 확인하기’, ‘모둠 협의하기’, ‘모둠 토론하기’, ‘평가 및 정리하기’ 등으로 구성된다. 그리고 ‘논제에 따른 의견 제시하기’, ‘논제에 따른 모둠 의견에 대한 협의하기’, ‘논제에 따른 의견에 대한 반론하기’, ‘각 모둠의 반론에 대한 협의하기’, ‘최종 의견 제시’와 같은 순서로 이루어진다. 교실 독서토론 모형은 학생들의 적극적인 독서토론 참여를 유도하고 교실 읽기 수업을 정상화 시키는 구실을 한다. This paper presents classroom reading discussion model that can be practice at the classroom as part of reading class. Because contest-centered reading debate progresses at schools, most students can hardly participate in discussion. Pros and con debate does not make significant reading discussion at classroom. Classroom Reading discussion means reading discussion model of reading class centered. Classroom Reading discussion model to expand student's understandings of text through hearing others' interpretations. Classroom Reading discussion model utilizes learning goals of reading class. When applying Classroom Reading discussion model, teacher becomes guide or scaffolder and encourages participants of small groups. And articles of text books is the important material of reading discussion. Classroom Reading discussion model considers student reader seriously as reading learner and emphasize small group(modum)'s role which is unite of reading discussion. Small groups(modum) support students so that may participate in classroom reading discussion actively. As guide of reading discussion, teacher helps students that discuss actively. Classroom Reading discussion model included 'modeling(guide)', 'reading', 'to confirm contents', 'to present topic', 'to present the first proposal about topic', 'to discuss for the first proposal by topic', 'to refute about the first proposal by topic', 'to discuss about refutation', 'to present closing opinion', 'evaluating and closing'.

초등학교 교사의 독서지도관에 관한 연구

이형래 한국초등국어교육학회 2008 한국초등국어교육 Vol.36 No.-

The Point of View of reading instruction of elementary school teachers have an effect on enlargement of reading ability of students. This study deals with the point of view of reading instruction of elementary school teachers. About 90% of respondents judged that correlations with reading ability of a teacher and instructive ability was high. And 60% of respondents responded that authentic abilities required in the elementary school have correlations with reading ability of a teacher. Only 27% of respondents responded that they read a textbook before classes. 45% of respondents responded that they read instructive textbooks which direct unrelated cultural books. Teachers enjoy books such as history, culture, a novel, a children's story, an essay etc. A large percentage of teachers responded the most necessary reading attitude to teacher is what looking up books(54%). 52% of respondents evaluated that reading attitude of teachers is ordinary level. According to the analysis of the survey, reading ability of teacher was especially related to the following: Reorganization(53%), Inference(16%), Evaluation(15%), Appreciation (13%). Discussions and analysis in this study reached the conclusion that recognition on the reading abilities and attitude of elementary school teachers is not high levels regarding of requiring of real society. 이 연구에서는 교사의 독서지도관을 탐구하기 위해 교사들의 독서 능력, 태도 등을 점검하였다. 연구 결과, 교사의 독서 능력과 교사의 교수 학습 능력과의 관련성에 대해 57%가 ‘그렇다’고 응답하였으며, 33%가 ‘매우 그렇다’고 응답하였다. 교과서 읽기는 교사 독자가 갖추어야 할 기본적인 자질임에도 응답자의 27%만이 수업 전에 항상 교과서를 읽는다고 응답하였다. 교사들의 독서 양태를 보면 응답자의 50% 이상이 ‘교수 학습과 직접적인 관련이 있는 도서’를 읽는다고 응답하였다. 교사들에게 가장 필요한 독서 태도는 ‘교수 학습 방법을 익힐 수 있는 관련 도서를 찾아 읽는 태도(54%)’라고 응답하였다. 그 다음으로 ‘교과서와 교사용 지도서의 내용을 자발적으로 면밀하게 읽는 태도(18%)’가 필요하다고 응답하였다. ‘개인의 특기를 신장시킬 수 있는 관련 도서를 찾아 읽는 태도’가 16%, ‘생활 지도 방법을 익힐 수 있는 관련 도서를 찾아 읽는 태도’가 약 10%, 그 외 ‘특별 활동 지도 방법을 익힐 수 있는 관련 도서를 찾아 읽는 태도’와 ‘학교 행정과 담당 업무 처리 방법을 익힐 수 있는 도서를 찾아 읽는 태도’가 약 1%를 나타내었다. 교사의 독서 태도 형성에 관한 자기 평가 결과, 응답자 중 52%가 ‘보통 수준’이라고 응답하였으며, 40%가 ‘그렇다’고 응답하였다. 교사들은 자기 자신의 독서 태도가 전반적으로 소극적이라고 판단하였다.

연소유동해석 프로그램의 개발

申東信,李炯來 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

We developed a simulation program using boundary fitted coordinates to simulate flow fields combustion. The program is based on finite volume method and uses collocated grid system. The primitive cartesian velocities are dependent variables. We used upwind scheme for convection terms and SIMPLE for pressure. For turbulence models, we considered standard k-εmodel. We used CGM to solve the linear system of equations for pressure and SIP for other nonlinear systems. The combustion model was the first order irreversible chemical reaction. Lewis number was assumed as 1. The probability density function for conserved scalar are assumed as clipped gaussian distribution. We simulated turbulent diffusion flame after the bluff-body and compared with experimental data. The result showed that the flow field has two recirculation region. The comparison showed good agreement between the simulation data and experimental data.

k-ε 모형에 의한 2차원 균질분류장의 해석에 관한 연구

김기홍,이형래 진주산업대학교 건설기술연구소 1998 건설기술연구소보 Vol.1 No.-

A numerical study on the homogeneous jets has remained of requiring more intensive investigation for problems due to the treatments of free surface, Reynolds stress /flux terms in turbulent flow. The verification of predicted results from the numerical study continues to be in the qualitative study, because of the lack of experimental data, due to the difficulties in measuring the turbulent fluctuations in flow. In this study, the computer program of k-ε model being widely used for the simplicity of computation has been developed to compute the characteristics of two-dimensional homogeneous jets with the free surface boundary condition. By comparing these results with Gaussian distribution, it is found that this model can predict fairly well the characteristics of two-dimensional homogeneous jets in the momentum region.

구내 골신장술 후 식립된 전치부 임플란트보철 치험보고

김한석,김명래,이성근,강상원,김기환,김형섭 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.1

Objective : This is to report the effectiveness of intraoral distraction osteogenesis for alveolar augmentation in the extremely atrophied alveolar defects and to review the clinical results of the 2 cases. Subjects and Methods : Anterior segmental osteotomy was performed and the trans-oral alveolar distractors(Martin, Germany) were applied in 2 patients with the severe acquired anterior maxillary and mandibular defect. After latent period for 1 week, the osteomized alveolar segments were distracted by 1 ㎜ a day (0.5 ㎜/l turn) for 8 days in case Ⅰ and 0.6 ㎜ a day(0.3 ㎜/l turn) for 10 days in case Ⅱ. The consolidation period was about 8 weeks in each case. Thereafter, 6 titanium threaded implants(Branemark, Restore) were simultaneously installed with removal of distractor. The implants were tested clinically and radiographically. Results : Amounts of acquired alveolar bone were 8 ㎜ in case Ⅰ and 6 ㎜ in case Ⅱ respectively, with the increased width of the ridge crests and soft tissue expansion. Dental implants installated on the augmented alveolar ridges in 8 weeks after distrction were confirmed as in good osseointegration and in good function without any complications. Conclusion : Intraoral distraction osteogenesis can be a good option for alveolar ridge augmentation of the severely atrophied ridges and soft-tissue defects. However, for the better vector control of distracting segments and for anterior esthetics, customized distraction devices could be considered later.

소하천 유역의 도달시간 관측에 관한 연구

김기흥,류근상,신영철,이형래 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2004 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.11

In order to evaluate six formula of T_(c) presented in the facilities criterion of small basin, the water stages were observed on fifteen mountainous small basin in Sanchung county region. The results of six formula compared with the observed data to evaluate T_(c). All basin area were less than 2.25 ㎢. The average basin area was 1.19 ㎢, the average basin length was 1.65 ㎢, the average basin slope was 6.95%, average length and slope of main channel were 1.86 ㎞ and 7%. The average T_(c) was 33.77 minutes and results of six formula showed the changes in average and standard deviation widely. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. The time of concentration was influenced basin slope, basin length, basin slope and channel slope consequently but did not affected the shape factor of basin.

Damage and Seasonal Occurrence of Arboridia spp. in Grapevine Export Complexes in Korea

Chae Min Lee,Dong Woon Lee,Suk Jun Lee,Jin Sun Song,Tae Heon Lim,Sang Sub Han,Sang Myeong Lee,Hyeong Hwan Kim,Myoung Rae Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

This report is a part of research on pests occurring in grapevine orchards in export complexes (Hwangsung in Gyeonggi, Sangju and Yeongcheon in Gyeongbuk, Namwon in Junbuk and Yeongdong in Chungbuk) from 2010 to 2012. This research was conducted to evaluate the distribution and difference in damage rates depending on management types of grapevine orchards (domestic sale farm vs. export farm). Damage by Arbordia spp. occurred only in 2010 and differed depending on localities and individual farms in the same area. Numbers of orchards damaged by Arbordia spp. were one, two and four in Hwasung, Namwon and Sangju, respectively, and the damage rate was below 6.2%. There was no damage in the orchards in 2011 and 2012, however, Arbordia spp. were collected on sticky traps in the orchards. A. nigrigena and A. kakogawana were the dominant species in Yeongcheon and Yeongdong, respectively, in 2011. A. kakogawana, A. maculifrons and A. nigrigena were collected on sticky traps in 2012. Collected numbers of Arbordia spp. were different depending on localities and management types of the orchards (domestic sale vs. export). A. kakogawana was the dominant species in all the survey sites and the densities were higher in the domestic sale farms than in the export farms.