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Piezoelectric transducer self-diagnosis under changing environmental and structural conditions
Sang Jun Lee,Hoon Sohn IEEE 2010 and Frequency Control Vol.57 No.9
<P>Surface-mountable wafer-type piezoelectric transducers using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are widely used to generate and sense guided waves for nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring applications. However, little attention has been paid to monitoring PZT transducer integrity, despite possibly being the weakest link in the entire monitoring system. In this study, PZT transducer self-diagnostic techniques, which enable a single PZT transducer to examine its own integrity, are developed based on a time-reversal process; the effects of temperature and structural condition variations are explicitly considered. Two PZT self-diagnosis indices are proposed which allow debonded and cracked PZT conditions to be identified and distinguished from changing environmental and structural conditions. First, the proposed self-diagnosis schemes are theoretically formulated, and then the feasibility of the proposed schemes is validated through simulations and experimental tests under varying temperature and structural conditions.</P>
Sohn, Young Bae,Kim, Su Jin,Park, Sung Won,Park, Hyung‐,Doo,Ki, Chang‐,Seok,Kim, Chi Hwa,Huh, Seung Won,Yeau, Sunghee,Paik, Kyung‐,Hoon,Jin, Dong‐,Kyu Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A Vol.a152 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase. Most reported patients are males because of X‐linked recessive inheritance pattern. Only a few female patients with Hunter syndrome have been reported, and there is no prior report of offspring from a patient with Hunter syndrome. In this report, we describe a woman with mild manifestations of Hunter syndrome who gave birth to a daughter. Both the mother and daughter carried the p.R443X mutation in exon 9 of the <I>ID2S</I> gene. Iduronate‐2‐sulfatase activity in the mother was as low as that found in male Hunter syndrome patients, but it was in the low‐normal range in her daughter. Unlike her mother, the daughter did not show any physical signs of Hunter syndrome, and urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycan was within normal range. However, she had severe pulmonary vein stenosis with pulmonary hypertension and a large atrial septal defect and died at 11 months of age. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>
Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Chung, Hwan-Suck,Ko, Eunjung,Jeong, Hyuk-joon,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Jeong, Jin-Hyun,Kim, Yangseok,Shin, Minkyu,Hong, Moochang,Bae, Hyunsu Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2009 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.32 No.6
<P>This study was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanisms of <I>Nelumbinis semen</I> (NS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of NS were determined by analyzing nitric oxide production and proinflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanism was evaluated in BV-2 cells with or without NS treated with LPS for various lengths of time using oligonucleotide microarray and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-related genes such as <I>Fgfr3</I>, <I>Fgf12</I>, <I>Rasal2</I>, <I>Nfkb2</I>, <I>Map2k5</I>, <I>Mapk1</I>, <I>Map3k7</I>, and <I>NFatc2</I> were down-regulated in LPS activated BV-2 cells by pretreatment with NS. In addition, significant decreases in <I>Nos1ap</I> gene expression were observed with NS pretreatment. Cluster linked pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed that the effects of NS were closely associated with the regulation of mitochondria functions. These results suggested that NS can affect the MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial functions in BV-2 cells activated with LPS.</P>
Lamb wave tuning curve calibration for surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers
Sohn, Hoon,Lee, Sang Jun Institute of Physics Publishing 2010 Smart materials & structures Vol.19 No.1
<P>Surface-bonded lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers have been widely used for guided wave generation and measurement. For selective actuation and sensing of Lamb wave modes, the sizes of the transducers and the driving frequency of the input waveform should be tuned. For this purpose, a theoretical Lamb wave tuning curve (LWTC) of a specific transducer size is generally obtained. Here, the LWTC plots each Lamb wave mode’ amplitude as a function of the driving frequency. However, a discrepancy between experimental and existing theoretical LWTCs has been observed due to little consideration of the bonding layer and the energy distribution between Lamb wave modes. In this study, calibration techniques for theoretical LWTCs are proposed. First, a theoretical LWTC is developed when circular PZT transducers are used for both Lamb wave excitation and sensing. Then, the LWTC is calibrated by estimating the effective PZT size with PZT admittance measurement. Finally, the energy distributions among symmetric and antisymmetric modes are taken into account for better prediction of the relative amplitudes between Lamb wave modes. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration techniques is examined through numerical simulations and experimental estimation of the LWTC using the circular PZT transducers instrumented on an aluminum plate. </P>
The genome-wide expression profile of <i>Curcuma longa</i>-treated cisplatin-stimulated HEK293 cells
Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Ko, Eunjung,Chung, Hwan-Suck,Lee, Eun-Young,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Shin, Minkyu,Hong, Moochang,Bae, Hyunsu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.70 No.4
<P><B>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT</B></P><P>• High doses of cisplatin more effectively suppress cancer, but high dose therapy is limited by nephrotoxic side effects, Nephrotoxicity is of critical concern during the early stages of drug development when selecting new drug candidates. <I>Curcuma longa</I> (CL) has been widely used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour activities and has been taken orally to treat dyspepsia, flatulence and liver and urinary tract disease.</P><P><B>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS</B></P><P>• New information indicated that the mechanism responsible for the effects of CL on HEK 293 cells was closely associated with regulation of the NF&kgr;B pathway.</P><P>• This study confirmed the association of CL with the NF&kgr;B pathway.</P><P>• CL may be an effective therapeutic approach to the alleviation of the progression of renal disease through cell anti-apoptosis and proliferation that occurs via inhibition of the inflammatory cytokines and the NF&kgr;B signaling pathway.</P><P>AIM</P><P>The rhizome of turmeric, <I>Curcuma longa</I> (CL), is a herbal medicine used in many traditional prescriptions. It has previously been shown that CL treatment showed greater than 47% recovery from cisplatin-induced cell damage in human kidney HEK 293 cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the recovery mechanisms of CL that occur during cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity by examining the genome wide mRNA expression profiles of HEK 293 -cells.</P><P>METHOD</P><P>Recovery mechanisms of CL that occur during cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were determined by microarray, real-time PCR, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis.</P><P>RESULTS</P><P>The results of microarray analysis and real-time PCR revealed that NF&kgr;B pathway-related genes and apoptosis-related genes were down-regulated in CL-treated HEK 293 cells. In addition, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis revealed that NF&kgr;B p65 nuclear translocation was inhibited in CL-treated HEK 293 cells. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for the effects of CL on HEK 293 cells is closely associated with regulation of the NF&kgr;B pathway.</P><P>CONCLUSION</P><P>CL possesses novel therapeutic agents that can be used for the prevention or treatment of cisplatin-induced renal disorders.</P>
Protective Effects of Natrii Sulfas on Cerebral Focal Ischemia Induced by MCAO in Rats.
Sohn, Youngjoo,Kang, Ho Chang,Kim, Kon Sik,Park, Sun-Min,Sohn, Nak-Won,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Kim, Sung-Hoon Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2009 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.37 No.2
<P>This study examined the effect of Natrii sulfas, a treatment for stroke patients suffering constipation in Oriental medicine, on the physiological indices and brain edema of rats. Brain edema was induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), Natrii sulfas was administered after the MCAO. At 3, 6, 15, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion, the physiological indices such as the fecal weight, urine volume and water content in the stools were assessed. The edema index was measured 48 hours after reperfusion. At 48 hours, the expressions of iNOS, MMP9, VEGF, GFAP, Bax, Bcl-2, c-Fos, and HSP72 positive astrocytes were observed on the brain tissues by immunohistochemistry. Natrii sulfas significantly improved the decrease in fecal weight, urine volume and water content in the stool caused by the ischemic insult (p < 0.05) and attenuated the brain edema caused by the ischemia insult (p < 0.05). Natrii sulfas significantly down-regulated iNOS and MMP9 expressions and attenuated the astrocyte swelling due to brain edema in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Natrii sulfas reduced the excess Bax and HSP72 expressions in ischemic brain, which was statistically significant in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex but not in the caudate putamen. These results suggest Natrii sulfas has a protective effect on ischemia-induced brain edema and improves the physiological symptoms.</P>
Sohn, Soo-In,Oh, Young-Ju,Ahn, Byung-Ohg,Ryu, Tae-Hoon,Cho, Hyun-Suk,Park, Jong-Sug,Lee, Ki-Jong,Oh, Sung-Dug,Lee, Jang-Yong The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.1
BACKGROUND: Cultivation of genetically modified(GM) crops rapidly has increased in the global agricultural area. Among those, herbicide resistant GM crops are reported to have occupied 89.3 million hectares in 2010. However, cultivation of GM crops in the field evoked the concern of the possibility of gene transfer from transgenic plant into soil microorganisms. In our present study, we have assessed the effects of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage on the surrounding soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of a herbicide-resistant genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage on the soil microbial community in its field of growth were assessed using a conventional culture technique and also culture-independent molecular methods. Three replicate field plots were planted with a single GM and four non-GM Chinese cabbages (these included a non-GM counterpart). The soils around these plants were compared using colony counting, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a species diversity index assessment during the growing periods. The bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the GM Chinese cabbage soils were found to be within the range of those of the non-GM Chinese cabbage soils. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The similarities of the bacterial species diversity indices were consistent with this finding. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage within the experimental time frame.
( Sang Heon Kim ),( Sang Hoon Kim ),( Jang Won Sohn ),( Ho Joo Yoon ),( Dong Ho Shin ),( Sung Soo Park ),( Jae Hyung Lee ),( Byoung Hoon Lee ),( Youn Seup Kim ),( Jae Seuk Park ),( Young Koo Jee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.-
Background: Postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a fatal condition in patients undergoing surgical procedure. The incidence of VTE and the usefulness of Caprini risk scoresfor predicting VTE in head and neck surgery have not been well established in Korean patients. Methods: In a prospective design, we enrolled subjects who underwent head and neck surgery from January to March 2013. Clinical characteristics and Caprini score were assessed at the day of operation. The development of VTE was monitored for the following 3 months after surgery. Results: Of 364 enrolled subjects, nine patients were identified to have VTE. The 3-month incidence rate of VTE in head and neck surgery was 2.5%. Three of these patients were in fatal condition requiring emergency embolectomy and one of them underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before embolectomy. Caprini score in VTE patients was significantly higher than those without VTE (8.1 ± 5.1 vs. 3.9 ± 1.9, P = 0.048). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of Caprini score was high with an area under the curve of 0.868 ±0.035. Conclusion: The incidence of VTE in patients with head and neck surgery was 2.47%. The Caprini risk score was useful in selecting high risk patients for VTE in head and neck surgery.