통계적 실험계획에 의한 PECVD로 증착된 실리콘 산화막의 특성 분석

李晟準,金洸範,崔鑛泉,漢秀一,尹知原,金劉邏,朴宰賢,洪尙眞 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

According as the current needs of low temperature in semiconductor manufacturing process, PECVD using low temperature and high deposition rate is becoming more of a concern. However, PECVD equipment has the defect possibility on the interface between substrates and gate oxide layer, because ions or electrons with much high energy clash the interface. In this study, we embarked on the experiment with Statistical Design of Experiment and then also analyze which parameters influence on the characteristic of silicon dioxide filems. We finally made a constructive proposal for process optimization conditions.

Salvage chemotherapy of biweekly irinotecan plus S-1 (biweekly IRIS) in previously treated patients with advanced gastric cancer

Chon, Hong Jae,Rha, Sun Young,Park, Hyung Soon,Shin, Sang Joon,Kim, Hyo Song,Roh, Jae Kyung,Noh, Sung Hoon,Chung, Hyun Cheol,Jeung, Hei-Cheul Springer-Verlag 2011 Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology Vol.68 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>This phase II trial first describes the combination chemotherapy of biweekly irinotecan plus S-1 (biweekly IRIS) for pretreated advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Patients who had previously been treated with greater than or equal to one regimen were enrolled. They received S-1 35 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> twice daily on days 1–14 and irinotecan 150 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> on days 1 and 15, every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Among the 38 patients enrolled, 18 patients were treated as second line, and the remaining 20 patients were enrolled as third- or fourth line. A total of 208 cycles were administered with the median being four cycles (range 1–16). The median OS was 8.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.5–10.3], and the median progression-free survival was 6.3 months (95% CI 5.3–7.3). Low serum albumin (<3.5 mg/dL) was an independent adverse prognosticator for survival. Overall response rate was 17% (95% CI 4–30%). The major grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (26%) and diarrhea (18%).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Biweekly IRIS showed the moderate activity as salvage treatment in AGC. Considering high neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicity, patient selection should be warranted; serum albumin may be a predictive factor for treatment decision.</P>

Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling by Intratumoral Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Enhances the Efficacy of Immune-Checkpoint Blockade

Chon, Hong Jae,Lee, Won Suk,Yang, Hannah,Kong, So Jung,Lee, Na Keum,Moon, Eun Sang,Choi, Jiwon,Han, Eun Chun,Kim, Joo Hoon,Ahn, Joong Bae,Kim, Joo Hang,Kim, Chan American Association for Cancer Research 2019 Clinical Cancer Research Vol.25 No.5

<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>Cancer immunotherapy is a potent treatment modality, but its clinical benefit depends on the tumor's immune profile. Here, we used mJX-594 (JX), a targeted and GM-CSF–armed oncolytic vaccinia virus, as a strategy to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) and subsequently increase sensitivity to αPD-1 and/or αCTLA-4 immunotherapy.</P><P><B>Experimental Design:</B></P><P>The remodeling of the TME was determined using histologic, flow-cytometric, and NanoString immune profiling analyses. JX was intratumorally injected into implanted Renca kidney tumors or <I>MMTV-PyMT</I> transgenic mouse breast cancers with or without αPD-1 and/or αCTLA-4. Various combination regimens were used to evaluate immunotherapeutic anticancer responses.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Intratumoral injection of JX remodeled the TME through dynamic changes in the immune system, as shown by increased tumor-infiltrating T cells and upregulation of immune-related gene signatures. This remodeling induced conversion of a noninflamed tumor into an inflamed tumor. JX virotherapy led to enhanced abscopal effects in distant tumors, with increased intratumoral infiltration of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. A depletion study revealed that GM-CSF is an indispensable regulator of anticancer efficacy of JX. Dual-combination therapy with intratumoral JX and systemic αPD-1 or αCTLA-4 further enhanced the anticancer immune response, regardless of various treatment schedules. Of note, triple combination immunotherapy with JX, αPD-1, and αCTLA-4 elicited the most potent anticancer immunity and induced complete tumor regression and long-term overall survival.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our results show that intratumoral JX treatment induces dramatic remodeling of the TME and more potently suppresses cancer progression with immune-checkpoint blockades by overcoming resistance to immunotherapy.</P>

Differential Prognostic Implications of Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma : Stage Adjusted Analysis From a Single High-volume Center in Asia

Chon, Hong Jae,Hyung, Woo Jin,Kim, Chan,Park, Sohee,Kim, Jie-Hyun,Park, Chan Hyuk,Ahn, Joong Bae,Kim, Hyunki,Chung, Hyun Cheol,Rha, Sun Young,Noh, Sung Hoon,Jeung, Hei-Cheul Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins 2017 Annals of surgery Vol.265 No.5

<P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) according to disease status (early vs advanced gastric cancer) in gastric cancer patients.</P><P><B>Background:</B></P><P>The prognostic implication of gastric SRC remains a subject of debate.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>A retrospective analysis was performed using the clinical records of 7667 patients including 1646 SRC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between 2001 and 2010. A further analysis was also performed after dividing patients into three groups according to histologic subtype: SRC, well-to-moderately differentiated (WMD), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>SRC patients have younger age distribution and female predominance compared with other histologic subtypes. Notably, the distribution of T stage of SRC patients was distinct, located in extremes (T1: 66.2% and T4: 20%). Moreover, the prognosis of SRC in early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer was contrasting. In early gastric cancer, SRC demonstrated more favorable prognosis than WMD after adjusting for age, sex, and stage. In contrast, SRC in advanced gastric cancer displayed worse prognosis than WMD. As stage increased, survival outcomes of SRC continued to worsen compared with WMD.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Although conferring favorable prognosis in early stage, SRC has worse prognostic impact as disease progresses. The longstanding controversy of SRC on prognosis may result from disease status at presentation, which leads to differing prognosis compared with tubular adenocarinoma.</P>

The clinical implications of FDG-PET/CT differ according to histology in advanced gastric cancer

Chon, Hong Jae,Kim, Chan,Cho, Arthur,Kim, Yoo Min,Jang, Su Jin,Kim, Bo Ok,Park, Chan Hyuk,Hyung, Woo Jin,Ahn, Joong Bae,Noh, Sung Hoon,Yun, Mijin,Rha, Sun Young unknown 2019 GASTRIC CANCER Vol.22 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>The prognostic impact of preoperative <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains a matter of debate. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of SUV<SUB>max</SUB> in preoperative <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT of AGC according to histologic subtype, with a focus on the differences between tubular adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>As a discovery set, a total of 727 AGC patients from prospective database were analyzed according to histologic subtype with Cox proportional hazard model and p-spline curves. In addition, another 173 patients from an independent institution was assessed as an external validation set.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In multivariate analysis, high SUV<SUB>max</SUB> in preoperative <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG PET/CT of AGC was negatively correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with diffuse type (DFS: HR 2.17, <I>P</I> < 0.001; OS: HR 2.47, <I>P</I> < 0.001) or SRC histology (DFS: HR 2.26, <I>P</I> = 0.005; OS: HR 2.61, <I>P</I> = 0.003). This negative prognostic impact was not observed in patients with intestinal type or well or moderately differentiated histology. These findings have been consistently confirmed in a validation set. The p-spline curves also showed a gradual increase in log HR as SUV<SUB>max</SUB> rises only for SRC histology and for diffuse-type AGC. Finally, a novel predictive model for recurrence of AGC with diffuse type or SRC histology was generated and validated based on the preoperative SUV<SUB>max</SUB>.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Preoperative high SUV<SUB>max</SUB> of AGC is a poor prognostic factor in those with diffuse type or SRC histology. This study is the first to demonstrate the differential prognostic impact of preoperative PET/CT SUV<SUB>max</SUB> in AGC according to histologic subtype and provide a clue to explain previous discrepancies in the prognostic impact of preoperative PET/CT in AGC. Prospective studies are required to validate the role of preoperative SUV<SUB>max</SUB> in AGC.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1007/s10120-018-0847-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

급성골수성백혈병 환자에서 대장내시경으로 진단된 회장 모균증

한재용 ( Jae Yong Han ),천재희 ( Jae Hee Cheon ),김덕환 ( Duk Hwan Kim ),전홍재 ( Hong Jae Chon ),김상겸 ( Sang Kyum Kim ),김태일 ( Tae Il Kim ),민유홍 ( Yoo Hong Min ),김원호 ( Won Ho Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2008 대한소화기학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is an uncommon opportunistic fungal infection often presents in immunocompromised patients. Direct invasion of the intestinal walls by spores from ingested food is the main pathogenetic mechanism of this disease, which usually takes place in stomach and colon. Early diagnosis is critical, especially in vascular invasive types, due to its high mortality rate close to 100%. In the past when appropriate diagnostic tools were not available, mucormycosis were frequently found with autopsy. The advance in current endoscopic technology has increased diagnostic rate and made successful management available with appropriate treatments such as debridement of contaminated tissues. In this case report, we discussed a case of ileal mucormycosis diagnosed by colonoscopy and treated with anti-fungal agent successfully. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;52:179-182)

Efficiency of calcium vapor tunnels on non-contact deoxidation of irregular titanium powder

Hong, Chon-Il,Oh, Jung-Min,Park, Jeshin,Yoon, Jeong-Mo,Lim, Jae-Won Elsevier 2018 Advanced powder technology Vol.29 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study developed a new process for the economical deoxidation of titanium powder in order to solve the problems associated with the previous deoxidation process. In the experiment, titanium powder with an irregular particle shape was used as the raw material with an oxygen concentration of 2100 ppm. The amount of Ca was reduced by 50% as compared to that used in a previous work and placed in an improved apparatus at a weight ratio of 2:1 (Ti:Ca). This modified deoxidation process decreased the oxygen concentration of the titanium powder to 805 ppm at 1273 K, leading to a ∼61.7% reduction of oxygen compared to the raw titanium powder. Low-oxygen irregular titanium powder can be produced at a low cost and high efficiency by applying a non-contact deoxidation process using Ca vapor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new apparatus for an economical deoxidation of titanium powder was developed. </LI> <LI> The deoxidation process of titanium powder was performed by calcium vapor. </LI> <LI> The new apparatus can maximize the reaction of titanium oxide and calcium vapor. </LI> <LI> The cost effective deoxidation process of titanium powder was confirmed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

2021 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Practice Guidelines for Endoscopic Sedation

Hong Jun Park,Byung-Wook Kim,Jun Kyu Lee,Yehyun Park,Jin Myung Park,Jun Yong Bae,Seung Young Seo,Jae Min Lee,Jee Hyun Lee,Hyung Ku Chon,Jun-Won Chung,Hyun Ho Choi,Myung Ha Kim,Dong Ah Park,Jae Hung Ju 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.2

Sedation can resolve anxiety and fear in patients undergoing endoscopy. The use of sedatives has increased in Korea. Appropriatesedation is a state in which the patient feels subjectively comfortable while maintaining the airway reflex for stable spontaneousbreathing. The patient should maintain a state of consciousness to the extent that he or she can cooperate with the needs of themedical staff. Despite its benefits, endoscopic sedation has been associated with cardiopulmonary complications. Cardiopulmonarycomplications are usually temporary. Most patients recover without sequelae. However, they may progress to serious complications,such as cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, it is essential to screen high-risk patients before sedation and reduce complications bymeticulous monitoring. Additionally, physicians should be familiar with the management of emergencies. The first Korean clinicalpractice guideline for endoscopic sedation was developed based on previous worldwide guidelines for endoscopic sedation using anadaptation process. The guideline consists of nine recommendations based on a critical review of currently available data and expertconsensus when the guideline was drafted. These guidelines should provide clinicians, nurses, medical school students, and policymakers with information on how to perform endoscopic sedation with minimal risk.

生長抑制 處理가 쉬나무의 줄기 및 뿌리 生長에 미치는 效果

洪性珏,金鍾天,金光鎬,李暻宰,辛承極 建國大學校附設農業資源開發硏究所 1987 農資源開發論集 Vol.12 No.-

The study aimed to investigate the effects of paclobutrazol (PP333), B-9, and girdling on the shoot and root growth of one to five year-old seedlings of Evodia daniellii, of which the seed oil has been developed as a potential fuel substitute for Diesel engine. PP333 was applied, 0.1 to 6ml per seedling depending on the age and the experiment, by soil applicat-ion with water or by xylem injection with methanol. 5000 ppm B-9 was sprayed to the leaves until fully wetted. The bark was girdled 2mm wide in 2 year old seedlings and 5mm wide in 5 year old seedlings, the results were discussed as follows: 1. The number and the longitudinal growth of internode were reduced by all the treat-ments among which the soil application of PP333 was most inhibitory. 2. The diameter growth of the internode was not affected greatly or inhibited, but less severely inhibited than the longitudinal growth by the treatments. The ratio of the diameter to length of the internode which is a good indication of degree of dwarfism was increased by all the treatments, especially high by the soil application of PP333. 3. The xylem growth of the internode was inhibited more greatly than the bark growth by all the treatments among which the soil application of PP333 was most inhibitory. 4. The leaf growth was not affected, or slighly reduced by the treatments. The reduction in the leaf growth, if any, was not proportional to the reduction in the longitudinal growth of the corresponding internode. 5. The prolonged effect of all the treatments was shown in the following year growth: the growth reduction in number and length of internode, xylem diameter, ratio of xylem to bark area in the cross section of internode, which was most apparent in the treatment of PP333 soil application among treatments. 6. The soil application of PP333 reduced the seedling height, the number and the length of internodes, the dry weight and the dry weight ratio of shoot to root of one year-old seedlings. It also reduced the number and the length of internodes in 1 year-old grafted seedlings onto the 3 year-old root stock. The inhibitory effects of PP333 on the growth of the grafted see-dling was presumed as related to the possible disturbance of the source-sink relationship bet-ween the scion shoot and the root stock, in which sufficient nutrients and growth hormones could be supplied to the new shoot growth, if not applied PP333. The presumption was not inconsistent with the results that PP333 decreased the shoot-root ratio, and the xylem to bark area ratio in the cross section of the internode,of which both morphological changes imply the relatively more downward movement of nutrients and growth hormones in the PP333 treated seedlings.

A New Wheat Variety, “Jojoong” with Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance, Early Maturity, High Yield and Good Noodle Quality

Chon-Sik Kang,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Young-Keun Cheong,Jae-Han Son,Jong-Chul Park,Kyong-Ho Kim,Kwang-Geun Park,Ouk-Kyu Han,Gi-Heung Hong,Jin-Kyeong Choi,Seong-Tae Lee,Jeong-Suk Bae,Bo-Kyeong Kim,Chulsoo Park 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

“Jojoong”, a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Suwon272/Olgeuru//Keumkang/Suwon252” during 2002. “Jojoong” was evaluated as “Iksan360” in advance yield trial test in 2011. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2012 and 2014. “Jojoong” is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to “Keumkang” (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of “Jojoong” were earlier to “Keumkang”. “Jojoong” had lower test weight (799 g/L) and 1,000-grain weigh (35.6g) than “Keumkang” (816 g/L and 45.5g, respectively). “Jojoong” showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (10.5%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (10.5%) than “Keumkang” (31.7 and 21.4%, respectively). “Jojoong” showed similar protein content (12.5%), SDS-sedimentation volume (43.5ml) and gluten content (8.6%) to “Keumkang” (12.9%, 58.5ml and 8.5%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (93.17) in flour color than “Keumkang” (91.95, respectively). “Jojoong” showed higher lightness (81.50) of noodle dough sheet than “Keumkang” (80.95). “Jojoong” exhibited similar hardness (3.84N) and higher springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.66) compared to “Keumkang” (3.88N, 0.90, and 0.62, respectively). Average yield of “Jojoong” in the regional adaptation yield trial test was 5.09 MT/ha in upland and 5.35 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 9% and 8% higher than those of “Keumkang” (4.67 MT/ha and 4.92 MT/ha, respectively).