사과品質向上을 위한 花粉品種의 選拔 및 植物生長調節劑處理에 관한 硏究

金鐘天,金基駿 건국대학교 1977 學術誌 Vol.21 No.2

This experiment was conducted to determine effects of different pollens and synthetic growth regulators such as IBA. GA. BA. and kinetin applied to blossom clusters on fruit growth and quality of apple. The results were summarized as follows. 1.The highest ratio of fruit setting of Mutsu (triploid) was brought about by pllination with Paulared and Macspur pollens among 10 cultivars. Pollens of Crab apples such as Vaneseltin and Loyalty showed lower ratio of fruit set than the others. 2.It appeared that Oulei pollens produced oblong shape fruits, while paulared and Macspur pollens produced oblate shape fruits on Mutsu variety. 3.400 ppm. BA. spray would appear to increase fruit weight and the effect was more apparent in the lateral and high density fruits than in the spur fruit of Paulared variety. 4.IBA. GA. BA. kinetic and GA+BA applied to blossom clusters did not affect the fruit color development of Paulared apple. 5.All of above aye treatments of synthetic growth regulators did not induce parthenocarpic fruit on Paulared variety under open pollinated condition.

축사

김종천 한국지역사회발전학회 1992 地域社會開發硏究 Vol.17 No.2

N/A

減水劑가 콘크리트에 미치는 影響

김종천,도덕현,Kim, Jong-Cheon,Doh, Duk-Hyun 한국농공학회 1982 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

A study on the effect of water reducing agent on the various characteristics of concrete has been conducted. The experimental results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Slump test for the concrete added water reducing setretarding agent in proper quantity have been conducted. According to the test results, the decreasing rate of slump value become bigger than plain concrete with increase of the unit weight of cement and elapse of time 2. In case the proper quantity content of maximum compressive strength in Fig. 5 of water reducing set retarding agent is added, unit weight of water is decreased about 15% or so as compared with plain concrete. with the increase of water reducing set accelerating agent content unit weight of water is decreased much more, And other hand, amount of air entraining shows the increasing tendency with the increase of water reducing agent content. 3. The adding rate of water reducing agent which produce maximum strength shows that WR-CH and WR-SA which is water reducing set-starding agent is 0.2% and WR-CO is 0.5% and that WS-PO which is water reducing set accelerating agent is 0.5 4. compressive strength jof the concrete made of sulfate resistant cement shows less than the strength of normal portland cement at initial strength but the strength of both cement shows almost same at curing age of 28 days. 5. when proper quantity of water reducing set retarding agent is used, boned strength is increased about 15% at curing age of 28days. 6. According to the result of durability test, dynamic young's mudulus of elasticity at plain concrete is decreased about 50% as compared with initial step at 300 cycle of freezing and thawing after curing age of days. on the contarary the concrete used water reducing agent is decreased less than 7%.

대행제도의 법리분석을 통한 입법론적 개선방안

김종천 법제처 2019 법제 Vol.686 No.-

Korea has adopted agency service system when the former Ministry of Finance and the National Tax Service designated the former Sungeop Corporation as an unpaid tax-collection agency and had the effect of the enforcement went to a chief of tax office pursuant to the amendment bill of Tax Collection Act in 1983. A government should develop administrative management that meets the need of the people when a society is diversified and professionalized led by the fourth industrial revolution sweeping around the world. The rapid increase in public administrative affairs in a wide range of areas including politics, economy, society, culture, education, welfare, safety and inspection has caused a difficulty in conducting the relevant administrative affairs by competent administrative entities. It is obvious that the entrustment or delegation of public functions and duties of the government to the private sector has brought up greater efficiency and effectiveness, which has been resulted in an increase in entrustment and delegation. Delegating public administrative duties to the private sector and getting the public and the private sectors to work in cooperation may allow using creativity, technology and expertise of the private sector and ultimately lead into saving budgets and promoting effectiveness of the public sector. However, delegating public administrative duties into the private sector to full extent may lead into the damages to the legitimacy of the raison d’etre of the state and the local governments. Therefore, it is critical to provide the ground that ensures the limit of the delegation and entrustment of public administrative affairs to the private sectors or of the cooperation between the public and the private sectors to a certain degree that would not damage the raison d’etre of the state. This paper analyzes the provisions of the relevant statutes of the competent Ministries and the provisions of the statues related to agency service system. This paper categorizes the types of agency service system into four as follows: Type 1: Internal-delegation type agency; Type 2: Entrustment-type agency; Type 3: Duty delegation and Legal representation-type agency; Type 4: Administration assistance-type agency. The analysis shows that, of 194 statues, the number of statutes fall into Type 1 is 24, the number of statutes fall into Type 2 is 11, the number of statutes fall into Type 3 is 14, and the number of statutes fall into Type 4 is 145. Type 4 “Administration assistance-type agency” is the majority in the statutes on agency service. The analysis also finds that the number of statutes on agency service of the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy is 32, that of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries is 18, that of the Ministry of Environment is 16, that of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport is 15, and that of the National Fire Agency is 11. The feature of Type 1 is that the practical administrative affairs are dealt by a supporting or subordinate agency but the execution of external authority over such affairs is done by the name of the competent administrative entity. In case of Type 2, an agency exercises the delegated power by its own name and responsibility but the legal effect is belonged to a competent administrative entity which is the original authority. In Type 3, administrative entities use agency service system as legal format but the agency service in this type is used as duty delegation or legal representative in terms of practical legal effect. Agencies in Type 4 are qualified in their profession and technology. Administrative entities in Type 4 get agencies to deal with inspection, investigation, certification, or evaluation after the agencies obtain a related permission, registration, or designation. Agencies in Type 4 are independent in terms of dealing with administrative affairs, but they are under supervision of competent administrative authorities in terms of th...

미래 신재생에너지 활성화를 위한 법제 대응 방안

김종천 가천대학교 법학연구소 2013 가천법학 Vol.6 No.1

인류는 21세기 들어 기후변화, 에너지 고갈과 경제, 인구문제와 식량, 수자원 부족 및 오염, 생물다양성 위기, 선진국과 개발도상국간의 격차 확대 등과 같은 전 지구적인 도전과 위협에 직면해 있다. 현재 세계 인구의 급격한 증가로 인해 전 세계의 에너지 소비도 급증하고 있으나, 에너지 공급은 이를 동일한 비율로 따라잡지 못하고 있다. 대부분의 에너지 자원, 특히 석유, 석탄, 천연가스의 매장량은 각각 40년, 170년, 65년 정도 사용할 것밖에 남아 있지 않다고 추정되고 있다. 이에 비해, 최근 다수의 선진 국가들은 전체 에너지 소비의 80% 이상이 석탄, 석유, 천연가스라고 한다. 또 전 세계적으로 많은 나라에서 약 440기의 원자력발전소를 가동하여 저렴하게 전기를 사용해 오고 있다. 그런데 1973년 3월 28일 미국의 펜실베니아주 해리스버그의 스리마일 섬에서 원자력발전소 사고, 1986년 4월 26일 (구) 소련의 체르노빌 원자력발전소 사고, 2011년 3월 11일 일본 동북부 지방을 관통한 대규모 지진과 쓰나미로 인한 후쿠시마 현 원자력 방사능 누출사고는 전 세계 국가들로 하여금 에너지의 중요성을 새롭게 각인시키게 되는 계기를 마련하였다. 이에 따라 독일, 스웨덴, 스위스는 원자력 발전소를 2022년까지 단계적으로 폐쇄할 계획에 있으며, 이에 반해 프랑스는 현재 전력수요 80%를 원자력발전소에 맡길 예정이고, 다른 유럽 국가들은 신재생에너지로의 전환을 요구하는 에너지 이용 및 산업발전에 대한 패러다임의 전환을 맞이하게 되었다.우리 정부도 “국가에너지 기본계획”을 통하여 현재 1차 에너지 소비의 2.5%에 불과한 신재생 에너지 비중을 2030년까지 10%대로 늘리는 목표를 설정했다. 이는 기술개발과 사업 확대를 통하여 신재생에너지 산업을 육성하여 일자리를 창출하는 등의 국가산업의 성장동력의 요체로 삼겠다는 전략이라고 볼 수 있다. 예컨대 우리나라는 2002년부터 2011년 12월 31일까지 신재생에너지에 의한 발전단가와 일반 전력단가의 차이를 보조하는 “발전차액지원제도(FIT)”를 운영하였다. 동 제도를 운영한 이유는 우리나라의 경우 신재생에너지 이용 기술이 충분하게 상용화된 단계에 이르지 못한 상태에서 화석에너지와 경쟁하기 어렵다는 점 때문에 국가가 어느 정도 경쟁가능한 단계에 이를 때까지 신재생에너지 시장을 형성하고 산업을 육성하여야 했기 때문이었다. 그런데 지난 10년간 신재생에너지 지원에 소요된 재정만 2조원이 넘었음에도 불구하고 신재생에너지 보급률은 저조하고 발전량도 전체의 1% 수준에 불과했다. 또 하나의 문제는 발전차액지원제도가 태양광발전에 치우쳐 다른 신재생에너지의 균형발전에 미흡했다는 것이다. 이에 정부는 2012년 1월 1일부터「신에너지 및 재생에너지 개발·이용·보급 촉진법」제12조의5부터 제12조의10은 공급의무화제도(RPS)를 입법화하였다. 동제도는 단순히 신재생에너지에 대한 자금을 지원해주는 게 아니라 정부가 발전사업자나 전력판매자들에게 총 발전량의 일정 비율만큼 신재생에너지 사용의무를 부여해 시장을 창출해 주되, 그 시장의 진입은 공급자들 간의 경쟁을 통하여 하게 한다는 점에서 보다 효율적인 지원방안이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 신재생에너지 산업을 세계적인 경쟁력을 가지는 산업으로 육성한 국가로 덴마크, 스페인, 독일 등이 있는데, 그 중에서 독일은「전기연결법(Stromeinspeisungsgesetz)」,「전기매입법(Gesetz über die Einspeisung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien in das öfentliche Netz: StrEG)」, 「재생가능에너지법(Gesetz für den Vorrang Erneuerbarer Energien, Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz)」,「재생열 사용촉진에 관한 법률(Gesetz zur Förderung Erneuerbarer Energien im Wärmebereich: EEWärmeG)」을 통하여 국제사회에서 환경보호의 선진국으로 위상을 차지하게 되었다. 즉 이러한 독일의 재생에너지법제의 제․개정으로 새로운 재생에너지 산업의 진흥으로 자국민을 위한 많은 일자리를 창출했다는 점에서 미래 우리나라의 신․재생에너지법제의 발전 방향성을 설정하는데 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 것이다.이 같은 맥락에서 우리 정부도 미래 신재생에너지 활성화를 위한 법적 대응방안을 위하여 여러가지 정책적 대안을 제시했다. 즉, 신재생에너지 기술특성의 유형별 비율차등제도와 혼소발전의 도입, 조력발전을 통한 대상전원을 확대하는 방안, 「신에너지 및 재생에너지 개발·이용·보급 촉진법」을 통해 강제적인 공급의무화제도 및 임의제도인 녹색가격제도를 도입하는 방안이 그것이다. 그리고 신재생에너지의 연료인 바이오디젤과 바이오에탄올 등 이른바 바이오에너지 계열의 연료 사용을 법제화하는 신재생 연료 공급의무화제도(RFS, Renewable Fuel Standard)를 도입하는 방안 또한 제시했다. 뿐만 아니라 미래 에너지원 확보를 위하여 신재생에너지를 비롯한 천연가스의 시스템정비와 세일가스(Shale gas)가 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단되며, 신재생에너지에 의한 높은 전력 전달과 저장을 위한 스마트 그리드 기술, 탄소포집 저장기술의 발전을 도모하기 위하여 법제 대응 방안이 필요로 한다는 점을 제시했다. Since the 21st century started, the human beings are facing planet-scale challenges and threats such as climate change, energy depletion and economy issue, population and food shortage issue, water resource shortage, water contamination, biodiversity at risk, and the growing gap between developed countries and developing countries The world population has increased rapidly and so has the world energy consumption. However, the energy supply has not been able to keep up with the pace of the consumption. The reserved amount of energy resources including oil, coal and natural gas is estimated 40 years, 170 years and 65 years of supply respectively. On the contrary, the consumption on oil, coal and natural gas by a majority number of the advanced countries account for 80 percent of the total energy consumption. A number of countries in the world have used electricity at a lower price by operating nuclear power plants. There are about 440 nuclear power plants in operation across the world. There were some nuclear power plant accidents that remind the world of the importance of energy, which are the partial nuclear meltdown at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, US on March 28, 1979, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in the former Soviet Union on April 26, 1986, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster caused by the powerful earthquake and tsunami in the northeast of Japan on March 11, 2011. In the aftermaths of such accidents, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland are planning to phase their nuclear power plants out by 2022. France will use nuclear power plants to generate 80 percent of its current power consumption. Other European countries are also facing a paradigm shift in energy use and industrial development that demand for a transfer to new and renewable energy.Korea has also joined the global move. The Korean government has set up ‘the basic national energy plan’ and decided to increase the share of new and renewable energy in the primary energy consumption from the current 2.5% to 10% by 2030. With this strategy, the Korean government plans to develop the new and renewable energy industry by developing the related technology and expanding the business. Furthermore, the government plans to make the new and renewable energy industry as a growth engine of the national industry and to create more jobs. Particularly, Korea has run a Feed-In-Tariff (FIT) which provides cost-based compensation to new and renewable energy producers from 2002 to December 31, 2011. Korea’s new and renewable energy technology has not been advanced enough to commercialize, which will put new and renewable energy industry in a less competitive position against fossil energy. Thus, the government have put the policy in place to create a market for new and renewable energy and to promote the industry until the industry obtains a capability to compete. The Korean government has invested more than 2 trillion won in supporting the new and renewable energy industry over the last ten years, however, the new and renewable energy penetration rate is still low and the generation amount accounts for only one percent of the entire energy production. The other issue is that the FIT system has put a focus more on solar energy, which fails to make a balanced development with other types of new and renewable energy production. Hence, the Korean government legislated the Act on the Promotion of the Development, Use and Diffusion of New and Renewable Energy as of January 1, 2012. The Act prepared the ground for the system for a mandatory supply of new and renewable energy pursuant to Article 12(5) to Article 12(10) of the Act. The system does not only give monetary support for new and renewable energy. The government, under the system, will require an operator or seller of a new and renewable power generation business to use new and renewable energy in a certain percentage of total production. This will create a new and renewable energy market and the market access will be available through competition between suppliers. In this sense, the mandatory supply system may be a more efficient system than the existing ones. Some of the countries that have developed a competitive renewable energy industry in the world market are Denmark, Sweden and Germany. Particularly, Germany legislated the related laws including ‘Electricity Feed-In Law (Stromeinspeisungsgesetz)’, ‘Law on Feeding Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources into the Public Grid (Gesetz über die Einspeisung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien in das öfentliche Netz: StrEG), ‘Renewable Energy Act (Gesetz für den Vorrang Erneuerbarer Energien, Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz)’, and ‘Law for the Promotion of Renewable Energy for Heat Generation (Gesetz zur Förderung Erneuerbarer Energien im Wärmebereich:EEWärmeG).’ With the laws in place, Germany has raised its status in the global society as an advanced nation in environment protection and also created more jobs thanks to the new renewable energy industry. The Germany’s case is the best practice for the development of the Korean new and renewable energy laws. In this circumstances, Korea has proposed a legislative and strategic measure to promote new and renewable energy in the future. The proposed measures are the introduction of a differential rate system based on a technology type of new and renewable energy, the introduction of dual fuel generation, expansion of power options with tidal power generation, a mandatory supply under the Act on the Promotion of the Development, Use and Diffusion of New and Renewable Energy, and the introduction of green price system. It also proposed the introduction of RFS (Renewable Fuel Standard) that legislates the use of bioenergy including biodiesel and bioethanol. Bioenergy is the fuel of new and renewable energy. In addition, reorganizing the natural gas system and the Shale gas may play an important role alo

쇼트피닝 가공된 Alloy 600 재료의 고온환경하에서의 잔류응력 및 피로특성

김종천,조홍석,정성균,Kim, Jong Cheon,Cho, Hong Seok,Cheong, Seong Kyun 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.37 No.3

본 논문에서는 쇼트피닝 가공된 Alloy 600 재료의 고온환경하에서의 압축잔류응력 및 피로거동에 대해 연구하였다. 연구에 사용된 Alloy 600 재료는 원자력발전소에서 사용되는 주요부품 소재이며, 피닝가공으로 형성된 압축잔류응력은 응력부식균열(SCC; Stress Corrosion Cracking)의 발생을 크게 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현실성 있는 실험결과를 획득하기 위하여 실제 국내 원자력 발전소 주요부품의 사용온도를 포함한 고온 환경에서 피로특성 및 압축잔류응력을 평가하였다. 연구결과 약 $538^{\circ}C$이하에서는 피닝가공 효과가 존재하는 것으로 파악되었다. 피로수명은 $538^{\circ}C$ 까지 유지되는 것으로 분석되었으며, $538^{\circ}C$ 에서의 압축잔류응력은 상온에서의 값에 비하여 68.2%를 유지하였다. 본 연구결과는 원자력발전소의 안전 및 신뢰성 확보에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. The compressive residual stress and fatigue behavior of shot peened alloy 600 under a high-temperature environment is investigated in this study. Alloy 600 is used in the main parts of nuclear power plants, and the compressive residual stress induced by the shot peening process is considered to prevent SCC (stress corrosion cracking). To obtain practical results, the fatigue characteristics and compressive residual stress are evaluated under the actual operating temperature of a domestic nuclear power plant, as well as a high-temperature environment. The experimental results show that the peening effects are valid at a high temperature lower than approximately $538^{\circ}C$, which is the threshold temperature. The fatigue life was maintained at temperatures lower than $538^{\circ}C$, and the compressive residual stress at $538^{\circ}C$ was 68.2% of that at room temperature. The present results are expected to be used to obtain basic safety and reliability data.

지방자치단체 하천관리 개선 및 거버넌스 구축을 위한 법적 과제

김종천 한국지방자치법학회 2022 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.22 No.1

The rain started falling down from June 24, 2020 and continued until August 16, 2020. The rain pouring down for 54 days set a record heavy with accumulated precipitation of approximately 920mm nation-wide. Total 38 cities, districts, and counties were designated as ‘special disaster areas’ due to localized torrential downpours during the period and all-time floods incurred damages amounted to about 1.25 trillion won. The massive scale of damages caused by the flooding of local rivers and small rivers during the torrential downpours on August 2020 led the government and the National Assembly to move ‘the affairs related to rivers’ from Ministry of Environment (MOE) to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) and consolidate the divided water management. The MOE used to be in charge of flood forecast and water discharge from a dam, whilst the MLIT took care of the management and maintenance of river-related facilities and of embankments. The divided responsibility in water management has brought up issues of hindrance in prompt response to floods and uncertainty in responsibility for affairs associated with water quantity and water quality. Thus, the government altered ‘The Government Organization Act (No. 17814)’ on December 31, 2020 which transferred ‘the affairs related to river’ from the MLIT to the MOE. The consolidation of water management with the MOE as a competent ministry took effect on January 1, 2022. Despite the revision of the Government Organization Act, however, local rivers and small rivers are governed by different laws of ‘The River Act’ and ‘The Small River Maintenance Act’ respectively. Thus, this article points out the different players in maintaining national rivers (the MOE), local rivers (mayors and governors), small rivers (Ministry of Internal Affairs / mayors, heads of districts and counties), the duplication of plans and periods between ‘the Basic River Plan’ under the River Act and ‘the Comprehensive Plan for Maintaining Small Rivers)’ under the Small River Maintenance Act, and the lack of expertise, manpower, and finance for river management by local governments. This article also proposes legislative tasks for the improvement of river management by local governments and the establishment of its governance as followings: First, the integration of the fragmented ‘River Act’ and ‘The Small River Maintenance Act’ into ‘The River Management Act (tentative title)’. Second, the establishment of regulations that connect operation of dams and of rivers. Third, re-categorization of small rivers according to the criteria to national rivers and local rivers. Fourth, the amendment of the Government Organization Act to establish an efficient system for implementing the master plan for national water management under the Framework Act on Water Management, the ‘Basic River Plan’ under the River Act, and the ‘Comprehensive Plan for Maintaining Small Rivers’ under the Small River Maintenance Act. Fifth, in accordance with the decentralization of local finance, the establishment of mid-term plans under the Small River Maintenance Act and the establishment of regulations to reflect the budget for small river maintenance expenses. Key Words River, Small River, Basic River Act, Small River Maintenance Act, Enactment of River Management Act (tentative title) 지난 2020년 6월 24일부터 시작된 장마는 8월 16일에 끝나 54일간 기록적인 폭우를 동반하여 전국적으로 누적 강수량이 약 920mm를 기록했으며, 동 기간 집중호우로 인한 피해가 발생한 38개 시·군·구를 특별재난지역으로 지정 했으며, 피해 액수가 약 1조 2천 5백억원에 달하는 역대급 홍수피해가 발생했다. 이에 정부와 국회는 2020년 8월 집중호우를 통한 지방하천과 소하천의 범람으로 인한 대규모의 홍수피해를 겪으면서 “국토교통부”에 관장하고 있던 “하천에 관한 사무”를 “환경부”로 이관하게 되면서 물관리 일원화정책을 추진하게 되었다. 왜냐하면 기존의 홍수예보·댐방류 등의 물관리는 환경부가 담당했고, 물그릇에 해당하는 하천시설의 관리·정비 및 제방관리 등의 업무는 옛 국토교통부가 담당하는 이원적인 구조로는 신속한 홍수대응에 불합리하다는 점과 수량과 수질이 연계된 업무에 있어서는 책임한계의 불명확성 등의 문제점이 제기되었기 때문이다. 이에 따라 정부는 2020년 12월 31일 법률 제17814호로 「정부조직법」을 개정하여 국토교통부 소관의 “하천에 관한 사무”를 환경부에 이관함으로써 2022년 1월 1일부터 환경부 주도로 통합된 물관리 정책을 일원화하게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 「정부조직법」의 개정에도 불구하고, 지방자치단체의 하천관리 문제점으로 지방하천과 소하천은 「하천법」과 「소하천정비법」으로 분절화 되어 있고, 국가하천(환경부), 지방하천(시·도지사), 소하천(행정안전부/시·군·구청장) 관련 하천관리 주체의 다양화, 하천법상 “하천기본계획”과 소하천정비법상 “소하천정비종합계획 수립” 의 중첩 및 기간의 중복, 지자체의 하천관리 전문성, 인력, 재정 미흡하다는 문제점을 지적했다. 따라서 지방자치단체 하천관리 개선방안 및 거버넌스 구축을 위한 법적 과제로 첫째, 분절화된 「하천법」과 「소하천정비법」을 (가칭) 「하천관리법」으로 체계 개편 방안을, 둘째, 댐과 하천간의 연계운영규정 제정 방안을, 셋째, 소하천의 등급화를 통한 국가하천 및 지방하천에로의 전환 방안을, 넷째, 「물관리기본법」상 국가물관리기본계획과 「하천법」상 “하천기본계획” 및 「소하천정비법」상 “소하천정비종합계획”간의 체계정립을 위한 「정부조직법」 개편 방안을, 다섯째, 지방재정 분권에 따라 「소하천정비법」상 중기계획 수립 및 소하천 정비 사업비 예산반영규정 신설 방안을 제시했다.

알루미늄합금 재료의 산화막 형성이 피로거동에 미치는 영향

김종천,정성균,Kim, Jong-Cheon,Cheong, Seong-Kyun 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.36 No.4

본 논문에서는 알루미늄 7075-T6 재료의 부식 기간별 표면 산화막 형성이 피로거동에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 사용된 알루미늄 재료는 부식에 대한 부동태화 현상으로 부식저항 특성이 높은 금속으로 알려져 있다. 알루미늄 합금은 다른 재료에 비해 가볍고 강한 재료 특성 때문에 항공기 부품 산업과 같은 다양한 산업분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 때문에 부식에 대한 재료의 피로거동 특성과 부식에 대한 부동태화 특성에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 4절점 회전 굽힘 시험기를 사용하여 부식 기간별 재료의 피로거동 특성을 확인하였고, 표면 거칠기를 측정하여 부식 기간별 알루미늄 재료의 표면 부식 정도를 평가하였다. 또한 전자주사현미경을 통해 파단면 분석 및 재료 표면에 형성된 산화막을 측정하였다. 실험결과 초기 부식 4주 동안은 부식이 활발히 진행되어 피로수명은 크게 감소하고 표면 거칠기는 증가하였다. 하지만 4주 이후부터 재료의 부동태화 현상으로 부식 반응이 둔화되는 경향을 보였다. 전자주사현미경을 통한 분석에서도 표면 산화막의 성장이 4주 이후부터 둔화되어 재료 표면의 산화막이 보호층 역할을 하여 더 이상의 부식진행을 방지한다는 결론은 얻었다. In this study, the effects of surface oxide film formation on the fatigue behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were analyzed in terms of the corrosion time of the alloy. The aluminum material used is known to have high corrosion resistance due to the passivation phenomenon that prevents corrosion. Aluminum alloys have been widely used in various industrial applications such as aircraft component manufacturing because of their lighter weight and higher strength than other materials. Therefore, studies on the fatigue behavior of materials and passivation properties that prevent corrosion are required. The fatigue behavior in terms of the corrosion time was analyzed by using a four-pointing bending machine, and the surface corrosion level of the aluminum material in terms of the corrosion time was estimated by measuring the surface roughness. In addition, fractographic analysis was performed and the oxide films formed on the material surface were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that corrosion actively progressed for four weeks during the initial corrosion phase, the fatigue life significantly decreased, and the surface roughness increased. However, after four weeks, the corrosion reaction tended to slow down due to the passivation phenomenon of the material. Therefore, on the basis of SEM analysis results, it was concluded that the growth of the surface oxide film was reduced after four weeks and then the oxide film on the material surface served as a protection layer and prevented further corrosion.

스포츠문화와 스포츠문학의 성격

김종천 한국스포츠리서치 2006 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.17 No.4

中文資料의 檢字法에 대한 考察

金鍾天 상명대학교 논문집 1988 상명대학교논문집 Vol.21 No.-

排檢法是指文字資料的排字法與檢字法而言. 將字辭按照一定的方法排比其次序, 稱爲排字法. 在一系列有規則的字辭中, 依一定的方法조尋特定的資料, 稱爲檢字法. 排字法是爲檢字法而設計的, 檢字法是由排字法所産生的. 故二者關係密切. 中國文字有形音義三個要素, 反映於排檢法上亦有形檢·音檢·義檢三類. 形檢法是從形檢字的方法, 起源於漢代許愼撰「說支解字」的部首法而發展的. 音檢法是接 聾韻排檢的方法. 魏晋以來古人爲了審辨音韻的需要, 編有許多韻書. 義檢法是依據字辭及 內容之意義排檢的方法. 中國古宇書如「蘭雅」. 「方言」. 「釋名」等都是以義排比, 後世畵目·索引·字典亦有以義歸類者. 除了以上三大排檢法外, 淸末民初以來産生了許多新的方法. 中國新舊排檢法在中文參考 書裏常用者有部首法·筆畵法·筆順法·四角號碼檢字法·注音符號檢字法 四部分類法及中國圖書分類法. 新舊的漢字排檢法根多·, 但是漢字排檢的問題흘今仍未解決, 新法以前的傅統排檢法大多 不能使用, 而新法本身各有優缺點. 今後檢字法的發展尙需願慮電子處理的方法. 關於中文排檢的電子化問題尙需待電子專家 及硏究中文資料的學者共同硏究.