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Competition and Collaboration among Container Ports
Hiroshi HOSHINO 한국해운물류학회 2010 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.26 No.1
The development of new ports in China and the enhancement of port facilities in Korea will force major Japanese ports, which were the region’s hub ports until the 1980s, to become local feeder ports for entry into East Asia. To consider the integration of cargo flow and liner networks, such Japanese ports need to collaborate with each other rather than compete with neighboring ports on an individual basis. Ports located on Tokyo and Osaka Bays started to share these concerns and jointly sought effective measures. It was suggested that they could advance their collaboration and be managed by a single port authority to strengthen their respective positions. This paper focuses on a strategy for container ports, especially those in Japan, for survival during the next stage under conditions of harsh competition.
Transition from Ethno-centric to Global Operation : A Case of Japanese Tramp Shipping
HOSHINO, Hiroshi 한국해운물류학회 2004 해운물류연구 Vol.43 No.-
Shipping business based in Japan has drastically changed since the Plaza Accord in 1985 along with transplant of Japanese manufacturing companies. Besides the conventional strategy of globalization of shipping business such as hiring seafarers of developing countries and flagging out its fleet to Flag of Convenience countries, Japanese shipping companies increased cross trading services bypassing Japanese ports and established regional headquarters to manage area operation in Asia, North America and Europe more efficiently and effectively. They had originally expanded overseas routes from and to Japanese ports with typical ethno-centric management style since their early incorporations. However, findings demonstrate that global operation of Japanese shipping companies have started from `unintentional global operation' then shifted to `reactive global operation' following their customers and was further developed to proactive global operation. If structure follows the strategy as Alfred Chandler Jr. mentioned, their typical ethno-centric management style must change in accordance with global operation. This paper analyzes the current situation and the future form of their operation through tramp shipping of major Japanese shipping firms.
Eri Kumai,Fuyumi Shimono,Manabu Tanaka,Takayuki Watanabe,Takeshi Hoshino,Satoshi Hosoda,Hiroshi Kanamori,Yuji Fujita 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-
Oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide is one of the promising materials for broad applications due to itsenhanced characteristics owing to the oxygen-deficiency. Development of a mass production process iscrucial in consideration of the increasing demand of this material in industrial purposes. A continuousscrew reactor was employed to the production of oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide. The effects of hydrogenconcentration and the reduction time on the composition of products were investigated. The maximumWO2.72 mole fraction of 0.95 was achieved by optimum hydrogen concentration and reductiontime. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the products indicated the introduction ofoxygen-deficiency. Anisotropic crystal growth in the (010) direction is found in the cross-section observationby Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The displacing value from High-Resolution TransmissionElectron Microscope (HR-TEM) demonstrated the existence of WO2.72. The reaction kinetic was investigatedby thermogravimetric analysis. Estimated activation energy supported the results from the continuousprocess. This work suggests the promising process for the large-scale production of functionalmaterials.
Yasuda Tatsuya,Togawa Daisuke,Hasegawa Tomohiko,Yamato Yu,Kobayashi Sho,Yoshida Go,Banno Tomohiro,Arima Hideyuki,Oe Shin,Hoshino Hironobu,Koyama Hiroshi,Hanada Mitsuru,Imada Takayuki,Matsuyama Yukihir 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4
Study Design: Large cohort study of volunteers.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of knee osteoarthritis, assessed using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading scale, and spinopelvic sagittal alignment in older adult volunteers.Overview of Literature: The relationship between spinopelvic alignment in the sagittal plane and knee osteoarthritis in the coronal plane is unclear.Methods: Volunteers over 50 years of age underwent radiographic analysis. Radiographic parameters including pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured. The the three Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab sagittal modifiers (PT, SVA, I–LL) were categorized and the KL grade was assessed. Differences in spinopelvic parameters and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores among KL grades were evaluated.Results: A total of 396 volunteers (160 men, 236 women; mean age, 74.4 years) were analyzed. PI–LL and PT in KL4 were significantly higher compared to that in the other KL grades. However, there were no significant group differences in SVA. In women, but not in men, higher frequencies of the worst modifier grade (++) were observed for PI–LL and PT in the KL3 and KL4 groups compared to those for the other KL grades. In women, the ODI score in KL4 was worse compared to that in the other KL grades.Conclusions: Individuals over 50 years of age with severe knee osteoarthritis had poor lumbo-pelvic sagittal alignment. Moreover, the progression severity of knee osteoarthritis had more impact onstronger relationship with lumbo-pelvic malalignment and disability-related low back pain in women than in men.