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Low-cost model for pancreatojejunostomy simulation in minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy
Hiang Jin Tan,Adrian Kah Heng Chiow,Lip Seng Lee,Suyue Liao,Ying Feng,Nita Thiruchelvam 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.4
Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIS PD) is a well reported technique with several advantages over conventional open pancreatoduodenectomy. In comparison to distal pancreatectomy, the adoption of MIS PD has been slow due to the technical challenges involved, particularly in the reconstruction phase of the pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) anastomosis. Hence, we introduce a lowcost model for PJ anastomosis simulation in MIS PD. We fashioned a model of a cut pancreas and limb of jejunum using economical and easily accessible materials comprising felt fabric and the modelling compound, Play-Doh. Surgeons can practice MIS PJ suturing using this model to help mount their individual learning curve for PJ creation. Our video demonstrates that this model can be utilized in simulation practice mimicking steps during live surgery. Our model is a cost-effective and easily replicable tool for surgeons looking to simulate MIS PJ creation in preparation for MIS PD.
How school leaders perceive the leadership role of middle leaders in Singapore primary schools?
Hak Hiang Koh,David Gurr,Lawrie Drysdale,Li Li Ang 서울대학교 교육연구소 2011 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.12 No.4
Middle leaders are 'recognised as a significant source in ensuring that quality education reaches out to pupils' (Low and Lim 1997, p. 77) for they are 'the human link between national education policy as manifested in school-level strategic planning aEuro broken vertical bar and the teaching staff whose 'field tactics' are used to implement such strategies' (Chew 2008, p. 135). This study investigated the leadership role of middle leaders in Singaporean primary schools, as seen from the perspectives of principals and vice principals. Principals' perceptions are important as they are the 'ultimate school leader' (Hammersley-Fletcher and Brundrett 2008, p. 13) and 'the extent of the middle leadership remit is delimited by the range and extent of tasks on offer and this is controlled by the head teacher' (Hammersley-Fletcher and Strain 2009, p. 5). This study used a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology (van Manen 1997) to examine the leadership role of middle leaders in Singapore primary schools. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were used to collect data from 12 principals and vice principals. The interview data were analysed using an interpretational analysis system adapted from in Tesch (1990, pp. 92-96). The purpose of this paper is to provide a rich description of the leadership role of middle leaders as perceived by the school leaders. Seven major themes were identified: (1) teaching and learning; (2) building vision and setting directions; (3) leading and managing teachers; (4) communicating; (5) continuing leadership development; (6) changing role; and (7) challenges. The findings reported in this paper corroborated with the findings presented in other studies of middle leadership (e.g. Adey and Jones 1998; Blandford 1997; Busher 2005; Busher and Harris 1999; Glover et al. 1999) and illustrated the complexity of the leadership role within the middle of the school hierarchy. The paper concludes with a discussion on the connections with the broader successful school leadership literature.
Conditional Volatility Spillover Effects Across Emerging Financial Markets
Kim Hiang Liow 한국증권학회 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.44 No.2
We find that emerging markets were not spared from the 2007 global financial crisis and 2009 European debt crisis. Volatility spillovers are pronounced during these financial crises. Much of the strong volatility spillover effects were from high cross-market volatility move- ments in response to external shocks since the existing interdependence levels were not high. The Lehman turmoil and the European debt crisis have affected the volatility inter- dependence and spillover dynamics in exhibiting different directions and patterns of vola- tility co-movements. Finally, the southern European sovereign debt crisis has not increased the level of volatility spillover effects more than the periods following the Lehman Brothers collapse.
Song, Hae-Hiang,Hu, Hae-Jin,Seok, In-Hae,Chung, Yeun-Jun Korea Genome Organization 2012 Genomics & informatics Vol.10 No.2
Large-scale copy number variants (CNVs) in the human provide the raw material for delineating population differences, as natural selection may have affected at least some of the CNVs thus far discovered. Although the examination of relatively large numbers of specific ethnic groups has recently started in regard to inter-ethnic group differences in CNVs, identifying and understanding particular instances of natural selection have not been performed. The traditional $F_{ST}$ measure, obtained from differences in allele frequencies between populations, has been used to identify CNVs loci subject to geographically varying selection. Here, we review advances and the application of multinomial-Dirichlet likelihood methods of inference for identifying genome regions that have been subject to natural selection with the $F_{ST}$ estimates. The contents of presentation are not new; however, this review clarifies how the application of the methods to CNV data, which remains largely unexplored, is possible. A hierarchical Bayesian method, which is implemented via Markov Chain Monte Carlo, estimates locus-specific $F_{ST}$ and can identify outlying CNVs loci with large values of FST. By applying this Bayesian method to the publicly available CNV data, we identified the CNV loci that show signals of natural selection, which may elucidate the genetic basis of human disease and diversity.
Song,Hae-Hiang 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1983 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.22 No.3
Interrelationships among simple indices of pulmonary function and blood gas pressures were investigated by performing a factor analysis on a data obtained from a population of coal mine workers. Among pulmonary function indices minute volume was independent of all other measures, while forced vital capacity, one-second forced expiratory volume, maximal breathing capacity, breath reserve index and ventilation index were highly intercorrelated. Pulmonary function indices were largely independent of blood gas pressures. Factor scores derived from pulmonary function tests and from smoking measurements were significantly different among various types of pneumoconiosis. The methods and results presented prove to be useful in the understanding of the relationship among different measures of pulmonary function indices and arterial blood gas pressures.
Statistical Bias and Inflated Variance in the Genehunter Nonparametric Linkage Test Statistic
Song, Hae-Hiang,Choi, Eun-Kyeong The Korean Statistical Society 2009 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.16 No.2
Evidence of linkage is expressed as a decreasing trend of the squared trait difference of two siblings with increasing identical by descent scores. In contrast to successes in the application of a parametric approach of Haseman-Elston regression, notably low powers are demonstrated in the nonparametric linkage analysis methods for complex traits and diseases with sib-pairs data. We report that the Genehunter nonparametric linkage statistic is biased and furthermore the variance formula that they used is an inflated one, and this is one reason for a low performance. Thus, we propose bias-corrected nonparametric linkage statistics. Simulation studies comparing our proposed nonparametric test statistics versus the existing test statistics suggest that the bias-corrected new nonparametric test statistics are more powerful and attains efficiencies close to that of Haseman-Elston regression.