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Automatic Sugar Beet Phenotyping in Open Field by a Computer Vision System
( Pieter M. Blok ),( Jochen Hemming ),( Youngki Hong ),( Jaesu Lee ),( Daehyun Lee ),( Gookhwan Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.2
Crop growth is an important quality assessment in plant breeding, especially in open field crops which grow in fluctuating and unfavorable outdoor conditions. To evaluate the growth potential of different plant varieties, researchers conduct leaf area measurements of emerged plants to evaluate its growth potential. This is a time consuming and labor intensive activity and therefore often only conducted on random spots on the field. An automatic computer vision system was built to automate and to speed up this plant phenotyping process. The system consist of three color cameras mounted on an implement facing straight downwards, lamps for illumination, an encoder wheel and a computer system. Natural light was blocked by a surrounding cover to limit the effect of variable outdoor light conditions on the image quality. The computer vision software makes use of an excessive green algorithm (2G - R - B) to segment the plant material from the soil. As the crop plants are sown by a precision sowing device in a regular pattern a method based on the fast-fourier transform (FFT) is used to distinguish crop plants from weed plants. A rectangular based clustering algorithm, based on 8-pixel nearest-neighbor connectivity, is used to cluster separated plant-parts together as one individual plant object used to measure the leaf area. The system was validated in an open-field sugar beet crop at the growing stage off our leaves. Fifty-five sugar beet plants were manually measured by experienced plant scouts(“ground truth”). The same plants were measured with the computer vision system. An ANOVA F-test(P<0.05) was used to discriminate the two measurement methods. The F-probability was 0.055 an djust above the significance level. So the H0 hypothesis that there is not a difference between human measurement and machine vision measurement was no trejected. Possible causes of difference was the inability of the system to detect and measure plants damaged by animals and very small plants which were occluded by clods or bigger plants. Nevertheless,with improvements on the vision software and camera/lamp configuration, the system is profitable for a fast and accurate leaf area measurement and corresponding plant phenotyping.
Numerical Modeling of in-Band Pumped Ho-Doped Silica Fiber Lasers
Wang, Jiachen,Yeom, Dong-il,Simakov, Nikita,Hemming, Alexander,Carter, Adrian,Lee, Sang Bae,Lee, Kwanil IEEE 2018 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.36 No.24
<P>A theoretical model to describe in-band pumped holmium doped silica fiber lasers is presented. The model is established based upon theory and parameters obtained from published research works. Both core-pumped system and cladding-pumped system are simulated with the model. The simulation results agree well with most experimental results, and for the cases in which the simulation results show discrepancy with the experimental results the disagreement can be reasonably explained. Through numerical analysis it is found that besides common negative factors such as non-radiative decay, fiber loss, and non-optimized resonator configuration, energy transfer upconversion plays a deleterious role in the performance of in-band pumped holmium doped silica fiber lasers. In particular, inhomogeneous upconversion associated with ion clustering is found to cause significant degradation of slope efficiencies of lasers, a fact that is useful to understand the unsolved problem regarding the lower-than-expected slope efficiencies observed in previous studies of in-band pumped holmium doped fiber lasers.</P>
Economic Integration in Latin America
( Hem C Basnet ),( Subhash C Sharma ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2013 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.28 No.4
This study examines the feasibility of economic integration in Latin America. We analyze the existence of the long-term and short-term common movements among key macro variables-real GDP, intra-regional trade, private investment and consumption-in the seven largest economies in Latin America-Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. The joint behavior of the long term trends and the joint response to transitory shocks suggest a significant degree of economic synchronization among these countries. Our results reveal that the economic fluctuations in these countries follow a similar pattern in terms of duration, intensity, response, and timing both in the long run and in the short run. The findings suggest that the group of seven economies in Latin America can lead the path of integration in the region more smoothly as macroeconomic conditions are favorable for them to do so.
Sarus crane in lowlands of Nepal: Is it declining really?
Hem Katuwal 국립중앙과학관 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.9 No.3
Sarus crane (Antigone antigone) is a flagship species. Its population is declining globally. First recorded in 1877 in Nepal, so far only a few studies have been conducted on sarus crane and results of these studies confirm their declining state. Based on previous studies, the author reviewed the status of sarus crane in Nepal. Studies show that it is uncommon with patchy distribution from Chitwan to Kanchanpur districts. More than 90% of its habitats lie outside the protected areas. Rupandehi and Kapilavastu are stronghold districts with more than 85% of its overall population. Regression analysis showed that the overall population of sarus crane has increased in Nepal. Hatching success is more than 50% and new breeding sites are also being reported. Nevertheless, threats such as drying of wetlands, conversion of farmlands to settlements and industries, power lines, nest vandalization still persist. Farmlands provide important foraging and breeding grounds. It inhibits and breeds very close to the human settlements. Thus, increasing awareness to local people and wetland/habitat restoration are necessary for its conservation. Detail scientific studies on its ecology and monitoring using cutting-edge technology in existing and new localities along with crane conservation action plan are required for maintaining the sarus crane population in Nepal.
Workers’ Remittances and the Dutch Disease: Evidence From South Asian Countries
Hem Chandra Basnet,Ficawoyi Donou-Adonsou,Kamal Upadhyaya 한국국제경제학회 2019 International Economic Journal Vol.33 No.4
Large inflows of foreign money into a country can appreciate its domestic currency, which can adversely affect its current account balance. South Asian countries receive a significant amount of foreign currency as remittances. In this paper, we examine the Dutch disease effect of remittances in five South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using panel data from 1975 to 2014. Panel cointegration test provides evidence of the long-run relationship between remittances and the real exchange rate. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares Method (FMOLS) is used to estimate the impact of remittances on real exchange rates. The findings suggest that remittances do appreciate the real exchange rate in South Asia. Pesaran, Shin, and Smith ([1999]. Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94, 621–634) Pool Mean Group (PMG) estimation technique is used to check the robustness of the findings. The PMG test results confirm the findings from the FMOLS.
Hem, Lina,Khay, Sathya,Choi, Jeong-Heui,Morgan, E.D.,El-Aty, A.M. Abd,Shim, Jae-Han Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2
The pesticide trichlorfon is readily degraded under experimental conditions to dichlorvos. A method has therefore been developed by which residues of trichlorfon in milk are determined as dichlorvos, using gas chromatography with ${\mu}$-electron capture detection. The identification of dichlorvos was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Milk was extracted with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation, freezing lipid filtration, and partitioning into dichloromethane. The residue after partitioning of dichloromethane was dissolved in ethyl acetate for gas chromatography. Recovery concentration was determined at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 of times the maximum permitted residue limits (MRLs) for trichlorfon in milk. The average recoveries (n = 6) ranged from 92.4 to 103.6%. The repeatability of the measurements was expressed as relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 3.6%, to 6.7%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 3.7 and $11.1{\mu}g/l$, respectively. The accuracy and precision (expressed as RSD) were estimated at concentrations from 25 to $250{\mu}g/l$. The intra- and inter-day accuracy (n = 6) ranged from 89.2% to 91% and 91.3% to 96.3%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 8%. The developed method was applied to determine trichlorfon in real samples collected from the seven major cities in the Republic of Korea. No residual trichlorfon was detected in any samples.