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Elzbieta Luczyn´ ska,Sylwia Heinze-Paluchowska,Sonia Dyczek,Pawel Blecharz,Janusz Rys,Marian Reinfuss 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.6
Objective: The goal of the study was to compare conventional mammography (MG) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in preoperative women. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all participants provided informed consent. The study included 152 consecutive patients with 173 breast lesions diagnosed on MG or CESM. All MG examinations and consults were conducted in one oncology centre. Non-ionic contrast agent, at a total dose of 1.5 mL/kg body weight, was injected intravenous. Subsequently, CESM exams were performed with a mammography device, allowing dual-energy acquisitions. The entire procedure was done within the oncology centre. Images from low and high energy exposures were processed together and the combination provided an “iodine” image which outlined contrast up-take in the breast. Results: MG detected 157 lesions in 150 patients, including 92 infiltrating cancers, 12 non-infiltrating cancers, and 53 benign lesions. CESM detected 149 lesions in 128 patients, including 101 infiltrating cancers, 13 non-infiltrating cancers, and 35 benign lesions. CESM sensitivity was 100% (vs. 91% for MG), specificity was 41% (vs. 15% for MG), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86 (vs. 0.67 for MG), and accuracy was 80% (vs. 65% for MG) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Both MG and CESM overestimated lesion sizes compared to histopathology (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CESM may provide higher sensitivity for breast cancer detection and greater diagnostic accuracy than conventional mammography.
Breivogel, Aaron,Park, Myeongjin,Lee, Donggu,Klassen, Stefanie,Kü,hnle, Angelika,Lee, Changhee,Char, Kookheon,Heinze, Katja Wiley-VCH 2014 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with a simple device structure were prepared by using heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes [<B>1</B>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>–[<B>3</B>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> as emitters. The push‐pull substitution shifts the emission energy to low energy, into the NIR region. The devices emit deep red light up to a maximum emission wavelength of 755 nm [CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates: <I>x</I> = 0.731, <I>y</I> = 0.269 for [<B>3</B>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>], which, to the best of our knowledge, is the lowest emission energy for LECs containing bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes. A device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ruthenium(II) complex/Ag was used, and the thickness of the emitting layer was measured by AFM [ITO: indium tin oxide, PEDOT: poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), PSS: poly(styrenesulfonate), AFM: atomic force microscopy]. To enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE), cells were fabricated with and without poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as additive in the emitting layer.</P>
A Bis(tridentate)cobalt Polypyridine Complex as Mediator in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Mengel, Andreas K. C.,Cho, Woohyung,Breivogel, Aaron,Char, Kookheon,Soo Kang, Yong,Heinze, Katja WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol.2015 No.20
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Dye‐sensitized solar cells equipped with cationic and neutral Ru<SUP>II</SUP>‐based sensitizers [Ru(ddpd){tpy(COOH)<SUB>3</SUB>}]<SUP>2+</SUP> [<B>1</B><SUP>2+</SUP>; ddpd =<I> N</I>,<I>N′</I>‐dimethyl‐<I>N</I>,<I>N′</I>‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2,6‐diamine, tpy(COOH)<SUB>3</SUB> = 2,2″6′,2″‐terpyridine‐4,4′,4″‐tricarboxylic acid] and [Ru(ddpd){tpy(COOH)(COO)<SUB>2</SUB>}] (<B>2</B>) with and without the coadsorbent chenodeoxycholic acid were constructed with I<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>/I<SUP>–</SUP> or the Co<SUP>III/II</SUP>‐based redox mediators [Co(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>3+/2+</SUP> (<B>3</B><SUP>3+/2+</SUP>; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Co(ddpd)<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>3+/2+</SUP> (<B>4</B><SUP>3+/2+</SUP>) in the presence of LiClO<SUB>4</SUB> and 4‐<I>tert</I>‐butylpyridine. The best photovoltaic performance was achieved by using the <B>4</B><SUP>3+/2+</SUP> shuttle and the neutral sensitizer <B>2</B> without coadsorbent. The higher short‐circuit photocurrent density and higher electron recombination lifetimes obtained with this combination suggest slow electron recombination kinetics at the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface with the Co<SUP>III</SUP> complex <B>4</B><SUP>3+</SUP>. The slow electron transfer to <B>4</B><SUP>3+</SUP> is tentatively ascribed to the high‐lying π* orbitals of the electron‐rich ddpd ligands, which result in a weak electronic coupling. This contrasts with the faster recombination with <B>3</B><SUP>3+</SUP>, which features the low‐energy π* orbitals of the bpy ligands.</P>
Eder Uzziel Pulido Barragán,Carlos Fernando Castro Guerrero,Ana María Zamudio,Ana Beatriz Morales Cepeda,Thomas Heinze,Andreas Koschella 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.6
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were obtained from Typha domingensis (an invasive macrophyte) collected fromlagoons and wetlands in Altamira, Mexico. Cellulose extraction was carried out by a treatment with aqueous NaOH in a batchreactor followed by NaClO-bleaching and subsequent hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The fibers were characterized by FourierTransform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystallinity of the cellulose fibers isolated from Typhadomingensis increased from 29 % (not treated fibers) to 73 % and the beginning of thermal degradation increased from 246 oCto 312 oC before and after the bleaching. The CNCs isolated from this plant show average values of 20 nm in diameter and 190 nmin length. Micrographs of the Typha domingensis fibers and the cellulose isolated therefrom as well as bleached celluloseindicate the removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and waxes from the fibers, which corroborates the XRD and FTIR results.
Breivogel, Aaron,Wooh, Sanghyuk,Dietrich, Jan,Kim, Tea Yon,Kang, Yong Soo,Char, Kookheon,Heinze, Katja Wiley-VCH 2014 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Stable push‐pull substituted heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with COOH or 2,2′‐bipyridine anchor groups have been prepared and characterized by <SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>13</SUP>C and <SUP>15</SUP>N NMR 1D and 2D spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, high‐resolution ESI mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. The complexes feature a pronounced electronic directionality and high absorption wavelengths up to <I>λ</I><SUB>max</SUB> = 544 nm extending to 720 nm as a result of favorable push‐pull substitutions. A remarkable photostability in the presence of water and coordinating ions (I<SUP>–</SUP>) was discovered for the tridentate complexes when compared with the standard ruthenium sensitizer N719 and tris(bidentate) [Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>, which are highly photolabile under the same conditions (photodissociation/photosubstitution). The complexes were studied as photosensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency follows the absorption spectra into the NIR region. However, the high positive charge of the complexes (2+) favors the recombination of the injected electrons with I<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> of the redox electrolyte, which is evidenced by high dark currents and short electron recombination lifetimes, leading to low cell performances compared with cells with the negatively charged N719 dye.</P>
Epistemic Questions: Fosterning Knowledge-Genertion by the Students
Heinz Neber 대한사고개발학회 2008 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.18 No.1
Epistemic questions aim at the acquisition of knowledge and they serve two purposes: Establishing epistemic goals for intentional learning and regulating the attainment of such goals. Epistemic questioning is an important skill for focusing and monitoring learning processes, and therefore it should be promoted among high-school students. A model to foster questioning for epistemic purposes is presented and applied in two studies. First, the acquisition of causal-explanatory knowledge was improved by a training session that involved asking epistemic questions in history lessons. Second, promoting students’ questions in planning experiments in chemistry lessons resulted in positive motivational effects and increased skills to formulate high-level research questions.