The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng protects cardiomyocyte from ischemic injury via caveolin-1 phosphorylation-mediating calcium influx

Hai-Xia Li,Yan Ma,Yu-Xiao Yan,Xin-Ke Zhai,Meng-Yu Xin,Tian Wang,Dong-Cao Xu,Yu-Tong Song,Chun-Dong Song,Cheng-Xue Pan 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6

Background: Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important rolein store-operated Ca2þ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protectionagainst myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributesto intracellular Ca2þ ([Ca2þ]i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed Panaxginseng (EPG) attenuated [Ca2þ]i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigatethe possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i against MI injury in neonatalrat cardiomyocytes and a rat model. Methods: PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca2þ]i concentration were analyzedin cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosiswere evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels ofcaveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH,cTnI and BNP was measured. Results: EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protectedcardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca2þ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiacapoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotectionof EPG. Conclusions: Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i.

Influence of Transformation-induced Plasticity on Formability of TRIP Steels

Hai Yan Yu,Shi Jin Yuan,Zhe Sun 한국소성가공학회 2011 기타자료 Vol.2011 No.8

A micromechanical flow stress model for the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel is proposed on the basis of continuum mechanics. In the model, TRIP effect and degradation of elastic modulus are considered. TRIP effect is introduced by regarding the volume fraction of retained austenites as varying with plastic strain. Degradation of elastic modulus is evaluated by an empirical expression. Both the contribution of individual phases and that of interaction between constituent phases to the overall stress are taken into account. The proposed model is introduced into LSDYNA software to simulate the cup forming and U-channel springback. Cup drawing and U-channel bending experiments are provided. Comparison shows that formability results simulated with TRIP effect are closer to the experimental ones.

Cloning, expression and functional analysis of a delta 6-desaturase gene from the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Hai-Yan Yu,Zhi-Feng Zhou,Jun-Qiang Jia,Zhong-Zheng Gui 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Delta 6-fatty acid desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme, which is the rate-limiting factor in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, a novel delta 6-desaturase gene was cloned from Bombyx mori (BmD6DES). Sequencing analysis revealed that BmD6DES has an open reading frame of 1357 bp that encodes 448 amino acids. Heterologous expression in yeast demonstrated that BmD6DES could synthesize γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, Δ6,9,12) by utilizing the endogenous substrate linoleic acid (LA, 18:2, Δ9,12). We found that BmD6DES transcripts were distributed in almost all B. mori tissues, with high expression levels observed at the 5th instar larval, pupal, and adult moth stages. A functional analysis of BmD6DES was performed by measuring mRNA levels after temperature stress, fungal infection, and RNA interference (RNAi). The results indicated that the highest expression of BmD6DES was observed at low temperatures (0 °C) and 6 h to 36 h after fungal infection. qPCR analysis demonstrated that BmD6DES mRNA levels in pupa after BmD6DES RNAi treatment were significantly reduced from 12 h to 72 h compared to those in the control group. Our findings suggest that BmD6DES not only induces the formation of the third carbon–carbon double bond in the LA carbon chain, but also leads to sensitivity to low-temperature stress and fungal infection. These results imply that BmD6DES is a key gene in the γ-linolenic acid pathway during B. mori development.

Potential roles of two Cathepsin genes, DcCath-L and DcCath-O in the innate immune response of Diaphorina citri

Hai-Zhong Yu a,Yu-Ling Huang,Ning-Yan Li,Yan-Xin Xie,Cheng-Hua Zhou,Zhan-Jun Lu 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

Cathepsins belong to a group of mammalian papain-like cysteine proteases that play an important role in the insect immune response. In the present study, we identified two cathepsin genes from the Diaphorina citri genome database, cathepsin-L (DcCath-L) and cathepsin-O (DcCath-O). DcCath-L encodes a DcCath-L protein consisting of 348 amino acid residues, and DcCath-O encodes a DcCath-O protein consisting of 329 amino acid residues. DcCaths contain two conserved domains, the Inhibitor_I29 and Pept_C1 domains. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that DcCath-L and DcCath-O were divided into two different groups: Cathepsin-L and Cathepsin-O. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that both DcCath-O and DCCath-L were highly expressed in the midgut, while lower expression was observed in other tissues. Developmental stage expression analysis suggested that DcCath-O was mainly expressed in third instar nymph and adult, and DcCath-L was highly expressed in first and fourth instar nymph. Following exposure to two different heat-killed bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the expression of DcCath-O and DcCath-L was significantly increased and showed differential expression patterns at different time points. In addition, silencing of DcCath-L obvious affected the gene expression of members of the Toll pathway, while knock down of DcCath-L has no significantly influence. Overall, these data provide valuable information for further functional studies of D. citri cathepsins.

L-carnitine treatment attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction

( Hai Yan Zhao ),( Hui Ying Li ),( Jian Jin ),( Ji Zhe Jin ),( Long Ye Zhang ),( Mei Ying Xuan ),( Xue Mei Jin ),( Yu Ji Jiang ),( Hai Lan Zheng ),( Ying Shun Jin ),( Yong Jie Jin ),( Bum Soon Choi ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.0

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that L-carnitine (LC) protects against multiorgan damage through its antioxidant properties and preservation of the mitochondria. Little information is available about the effects of LC on renal fibrosis. This study examined whether LC treatment would provide renoprotection in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent UUO were treated daily with LC for 7 or 14 days. The influence of LC on renal injury caused by UUO was evaluated by histopathology, and analysis of gene expression, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, programmed cell death, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT/forkhead box protein O 1a (FoxO1a) signaling. In addition, H₂O₂-exposed human kidney cells (HK-2) were treated with LC. Results: LC treatment inhibited expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and was followed by a significant attenuation of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The increased oxidative stress caused by UUO was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1a-dependent signaling, and this was abrogated by administration of LC. In H₂O₂-exposed HK-2 cells, LC decreased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed expression of profibrotic cytokines and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: LC protects against the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in an obstructed kidney.

일반논문 : 남북한국적법의 최초국(공)민요건에 관한 고찰

엄해옥 ( Hai Yu Yan ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2014 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.28

Nationality Law was enacted in Korea (in 1948) and in North Korea (in 1963). Nationality Law was amended ten times in Korea and twice in North Korea. Compared with North Korea’s Nationality Law, Korea’s Nationality Law has changed a lot. However, the provisions relating to the initial national element are still blank. On the initial nationality element, North Korea is based on interpretation theory of the Nationality Law. Korea is based on common law (Census Law, enacted in 1923, during Japan colonial period). Census and national are different concepts. As an statute Law country, Korea solves nationality problems in the light of common law. Korea’s Nationality Law with complete law system brought a lot changes. But, comparing with North Korea’s Nationality Law, it is a flaw that Korea has not ruled definitely.

Increased Frequency of Micronuclei in Binucleated Lymphocytes among Occupationally Pesticide-exposed Populations: A Meta-analysis

Yang, Hai-Yan,Feng, Ruo,Liu, Jing,Wang, Hai-Yu,Wang, Ya-Dong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Background: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a standard cytogenetic tool employed to evaluate chromosomal damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. Objectives: To evaluate the pooled levels of total micronuclei (MN) and binucleated cells with micronuclei (MNC) in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes among population occupationally exposed to pesticides and further determine the more sensitive biomarker of CBMN. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis on the pooled levels of MN and MNC in binucleated lymphocytes among occupationally pesticide-exposed populations was conducted using STATA 10.0 software and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. Results: We found significant differences in frequencies of MN and MNC in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and controls, and the summary estimates of weighted mean difference were 6.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.86-8.78] and 5.08 (95% CI: 2.93-7.23), respectively. However, when we conducted sensitivity analyses further, only the MN remained statistically different, but not the MNC, the summary estimates of weight mean difference were 2.86 (95% CI: 2.51-3.21) and 0.50 (95% CI: -0.16-1.17), respectively. We also observed pesticide-exposed subjects had significantly higher MN frequencies than controls among smokers and nonsmokers, male and female populations, and American, Asian and European countries in stratified analyses. Conclusions: The frequency of MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes might be a more sensitive indicator of early genetic effects than MNC using the CBMN assay for occupationally pesticide-exposed populations.

Updated Assessment of the Association of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln Polymorphism with Lung Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population

Yang, Hai-Yan,Yang, Si-Yu,Shao, Fu-Ye,Wang, Hai-Yu,Wang, Ya-Dong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Published studies have reported relationships between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. However, the epidemiological results remained controversial. The objective of this study was to clarify the association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism with lung cancer risk in the Chinese population. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches were performed through the database of Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI and WanFang Medical Online. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Results: Overall, we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.09-1.71) in the Chinese population on the basis of 19 studies with 5,416 cases and 5,782 controls. We did not observe any association between XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln and Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln polymorphisms and lung cancer risk (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.92-1.08 and OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.97-1.13, respectively). Limiting the analysis to studies with controls in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.38). When stratified by source of control, we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln genotype on the basis of hospitalized patient-based controls (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.42) and among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype on the basis of healthy subject-based controls (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.04-1.43). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that certain XRCC1 Arg399Gln variants might affect the susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese population. Larger sample size studies are required to confirm our findings.

재중조선인들의 국적에 관한 소고 - 북한송환과 중국영주를 겸하여 논함 -

엄해옥 ( Yan Hai-yu ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2019 고려법학 Vol.0 No.93

“한국헌법”의 영토설과 “재외동포법”의 재외국민범주에 관한 규정에 의하면 재중조선인은 한국국적을 가진 재외국민범주에 속한다. 현재, 한국의 재외국민연구에서 기반으로 되는 재중조선인들에 대한 고찰과 연구는 아직까지 학문적으로 전개되지 못하고 있다. 1953년 8월 17일 동북국에 내린 중공중앙의 “지시”는 중국 각 급 정부가 재중조선인들의 국적문제를 처리하는 국적정책 바로 중국 역사상 제2부 불문국적법으로 되면서 산하이관을 지역적인 기준으로, 중화인민공화국의 성립 일을 시간적인 기준으로 하여 1949년 10월 1일 전에 산하이관(山海關) 이남에 이주한 조선이주민들과 1949년 10월 1일 후 특히는 “6ㆍ25전쟁”시기부터 60년대까지 중국으로 이주한 북한공민들을 재중조선인으로 인정하였다. 뒤이어 재중조선인들의 북송(北送)사업이 있었다. 그동안 재중조선인들은 거류증, 해외공민증 그리고 영주자격증을 가지고 중국에서 생활해 왔다. 오늘까지 재일조선인에 관한 연구로 인해 일본 토쿄(東京)에서 운영되고 있는 “재일조선인총연합회”는 세상에 알려졌지만 중국 썬양(沈陽)에서 운영되고 있는 “재중조선인총연합회”는 잘 알려지지 않고 있다. 재중조선인에 대한 본 연구는 한국의 재외국민연구에 도움을 주게 될 것이다. According to the Territory Principle of Constitution of South Korea and relevant definitions of overseas Korean’s identity in the Overseas Korean Act, North Korean who possess the North Korean nationality and reside in China are treated as overseas Korean. As the foundation of overseas Korean study, however, the study of North Korean in China has been neglected. On August 17, 1953, the instruction which Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) gave to Northeastern Bureau on dealing with the nationality issue of North Korean in China became the national policy, which is the second unwritten nationality law in Chinese history. Shanhaiguan as the territorial division and the foundation date of People’s Republic of China (October 1, 1949) as temporal division, North Korean migrate moved to the south of Shanhaiguan before October 1, 1949 and North Korean migrate came to China between The 6.25 Korean War and the end of 1960s were identified as North Korean in China. Thus, the repatriation project of North Korean in China was initiated. Before the implementation of the repatriation project, North Korean in China obtained the residence certificate, overseas citizenship certificate, and permanent residence certificate. Nowadays, though North Korean in Japan and The General Association of North Korean in Japan are well-known around the world, both North Korean in China and The General Association of North Korean in Shenyang, China remain unknown. Hence, this study will shed light on South Korea’s study of overseas Korean.

지난세기 남북한국적법에서의 남녀평등에 관한 고찰

엄해옥 ( Hai Yu Yan ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2016 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.33

제2차 세계대전이 결속된 후 세계인권선언을 비롯한 많은 협약과 선언들에 여성차별철폐가 제기되면서 여성들의 인권은 국제사회의 중시를 받기 시작했으나 지난세기에 제정된 남북한최초국적법을 다시 돌이켜 볼 때 여성들의 법적지위에는 차이가 보였다. 이 글은지난세기 남북한국적법의 제정과 실시 그리고 개정에서 보여 진 남녀평등에 대한 회고와비교법적 고찰이라 하겠다. 지난세기, 북한국적법은 선천적인 국적취득에 있어서 부모·양계혈통주의를 원칙으로 했으나 전통적 유교관념에서 제정된 한국국적법은 부계혈통주의를 선천적국적취득의원칙으로 한 탓으로 헌법의 평등권원칙에 반한다는 거센 지적을 받아 오다가 1980년대부터는 UN의 "여성에 대한 모든 형태의 차별에 관한 협약"과 정면적인 충돌을 일으켜 설득력을 잃게 되었다. 상대적으로 북한국적법은 본 협약과의 충돌은 거의 없었다고 하면서 지난세기 북한국적법의 장초가 부모·양계혈통주의였다고 한다면 한국국적법의 단초는 부계혈통주의였다고 하겠다. 1984년에 한국은 UN에서 제정한 "여성에 대한 모든 형태의 차별철폐에 관한 협약"의 가입국으로 되었지만 한국국적법은 1997년에 이르러서야 부모·양계혈통주의를 선천적국적취득의원칙으로 하였다. 법의 제정과 개정진척이 빨랐던 한국에서 북한과는 달리 거의 반세기동안 부계혈통주의를 취하여 남녀불평등을 실시해 왔다고 하는 것은 그 시대의 맥락에서 다시 돌이켜 볼 때일관되지 않았다고 할 것이나 1997년에 개정된 한국국적법에 헌법의 평등원칙과 남녀평등의 실현에 있어서 중요한 의의를 가진 개정이라는 평가를 주어야 할 것이다. After the World War Ⅱ, with the announcement of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, many declarations and agreements started to put up with the problems of abolishing discrimination against women, women`s human rights has begun to receive the attention from international community. However, the differences of gender equality would be found when reviewing legislated North and South Korea`s Nationality Law in the Last Century. This thesis made a review and comparison of gender equality of North Korea and South Korea`s Nationality Law in the Last Century. On the question of acquiring nationality by birth, North Korea`s Nationality Law adopted parents jus sanguinis principle. South Korea`s Nationality law adopted principle of patrilineal descent. Due to the patrilineal descent of Confucian ideas against South Korea`s women`s Nationality rights, South Korea`s Nationality Law that violated the equality rights in the Constitution was criticized. It came into conflict with the UN`s "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" in 1980, and lost the conviction. Relatively speaking, North Korea`s Nationality Law never conflicted with the convention. Then come to a conclusion: the base of North Korea`s Nationality Law is parents jus sanguinis principle, and South Korea`s Nationality law`s base is patrilineal descent principle. In short, Nationality Law was legislated in South Korea in1948. South Korea accede to the UN`s "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" in 1984. But, South Korea adopted parents jus sanguinis principle until 1997. Though South Korea advocated democracy and the rule, and legislated and amended law relatively quick, adopting patrilineal descent principle and exercising inequality principle on gender for nearly half a century left regrets on its history. But, it made an important significance on upholding the equality rights in the Constitution and gender. However, there are some important significant amendments of SouthKorea`s Nationality Law on the exercising of equality principle and gender equality of the Constitution.