Pretreatments of Broussonetia papyrifera: in vitro assessment on gas and methane production, fermentation characteristic, and methanogenic archaea profile

Dong Lifeng,Gao Yanhua,Jing Xuelan,Guo Huiping,Zhang Hongsen,Lai Qi,Diao Qiyu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation. Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production. Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems. Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment.Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation.Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production.Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems.

A sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene regulated by the CncC pathway is required for phytochemical tolerance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Gao Shan-shan,Li Dong-yu,Huo Zhuang-kun,Zhang Yong-lei,Cao Yi-zhuo,Tan Yue-yao,Guo Xin-long,Zhang Jia-hao,Zhang Kun-peng,Li Rui-min 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in the detoxification of exogenous compounds, especially insecticides and plant allelochemicals. A sigma class GST gene, TcGSTS7, mediates the response to eugenol in Tribolium castaneum. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unknown. In this study, TcGSTS7, which exhibits a structural motif and domain organization characteristic of GSTs, was cloned from the T. castaneum genome. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that TcGSTS7 was most highly expressed at the late larva stage and was mainly expressed in the fat body and epidermis of larvae and adults, suggesting that TcGSTS7 may play a potential role in the protection against toxic xenobiotics in T. castaneum. Furthermore, the expression of TcGSTS7 was significantly induced after exposure to eugenol, while RNA inter ference (RNAi) targeting TcGSTS7 enhanced the sensitivity of the beetle to eugenol, indicating that TcGSTS7 is involved in the tolerance of T. castaneum to this insecticide. Interestingly, the depletion of TcCncC, which encodes a transcription factor of the CncC pathway that has been associated with the regulation of detoxification-related genes in insects, led to a reduction in the TcGSTS7 transcript level following exposure to eugenol, which suggests that TcGSTS7 acts downstream of the CncC pathway. Combined, these results indicated that TcGSTS7 partici pates in the tolerance of T. castaneum to phytochemicals in a CncC pathway-dependent manner. These findings have implications for the development of novel drugs for use in pest control.

Analysis of Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation from a Multi-cycle Two-color Pulse

Gao Chen,Feng-Dong Zhang,Yu-Jun Yang,Fu-Ming Guo 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.1

We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic and attosecond pulse generation by numerically solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation for a hydrogen atom in a two-color laser field that is synthesized by adding a suitable multi-cycle infrared pulse to a multicycle 800-nm fundamental pulse. Our result clearly shows that with the addition of a suitable second optical field, the electric field profile of the synthesized pulse presents multi-segments and that in the first and the last segments, the amplitudes of the electric field are dramatically suppressed. If this synthesized pulse is adopted as an incident driving pulse, only the amplitude of the electric field in the middle segment makes a major contribution to the plateau and to the cutoff region of the harmonic spectrum. This will cause a wide quasicontinuous spectrum around the cutoff position. Thus, an isolated attosecond pulse can be obtained even if we adopt the synthesized pulse with a multi-cycle pulse duration.

Evaluating the electric property of different crystal faces and enhancing the Raman scattering of Cu2O microcrystal by depositing Ag on the surface

Hong Gao,Junying Zhang,Min Li,Kejia Liu,Dong Guo,Yue Zhang 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.5

The surface electric property of Cu2O microcrystal affects the interaction of facets with substance in the aqueous solution, and hence plays a key role in determining the photocatalytic activity. In this paper, the capability of Cu2O microcrystals with exclusive {111}, {110} or both lattice surfaces in reducing Agþ to Ag0were investigated. Ag particles selectively deposited on {111} surfaces of Cu2O, while not on {110} surfaces. The different behaviors of the two surfaces are mainly attributed to their different electric properties:negatively-charged {111} surfaces absorb Agþ ions while positively-charged {110} surfaces repel them. Raman scattering of Cu2O {111} surfaces was enhanced by the photo-deposition of Ag particles.

SRG 전력제어시스템의 효율특성 분석

Zhen-Guo Li,Dong-Dong Gao,안진우 대한전기학회 2012 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.7

Sterically hindered amine-functionalized MCM-41 composite for efficient carbon dioxide capture

Fei Gao,Cailin Ji,Shougui Wang,Weiwen Wang,Jipeng Dong,Changqing Guo,Yuwen Gao,Guanghui Chen 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.8

A new adsorbent based on sterically hindered amine for efficient CO2 capture was prepared. Mesoporoussilicon MCM-41 was modified by sterically hindered amine AMPD (2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol) in differentAMPD loadings by a facile solid-state self-assembly approach. The physicochemical properties of the MCM-41@AMPDcomposites were analyzed using XRD, BET, FT-IR and SEM, and the composites were investigated for the CO2 captureperformance, including CO2 capture capacity, adsorption selectivity and cycling stability. Characterization analysesshowed that the AMPD active components were successfully incorporated and well dispersed into the mesoporous siliconMCM-41 surfaces. Adsorption results suggest that the modification by the active ingredient AMPD can significantlyimprove the CO2 capture performance. The MCM-41@AMPD material with an AMPD loading of 7mmol∙g1MCM-41 support exhibits a good CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2 adsorption selectivity, and shows excellent cyclingstability. Furthermore, the isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption on the MCM-41@AMPD-7 material was evaluated by theClausius-Clapeyron equation, and the value was 34-78 kJ∙mol1.

Robust brain ROI segmentation by deformation regression and deformable shape model

Wu, Zhengwang,Guo, Yanrong,Park, Sang Hyun,Gao, Yaozong,Dong, Pei,Lee, Seong-Whan,Shen, Dinggang Elsevier 2018 Medical image analysis Vol.43 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We propose a robust and efficient learning-based deformable model for segmenting regions of interest (ROIs) from structural MR brain images. Different from the conventional deformable-model-based methods that deform a shape model locally around the initialization location, we learn an image-based regressor to guide the deformable model to fit for the target ROI. Specifically, given any voxel in a new image, the image-based regressor can predict the displacement vector from this voxel towards the boundary of target ROI, which can be used to guide the deformable segmentation. By predicting the displacement vector maps for the whole image, our deformable model is able to use multiple non-boundary predictions to jointly determine and iteratively converge the initial shape model to the target ROI boundary, which is more robust to the local prediction error and initialization. In addition, by introducing the prior shape model, our segmentation avoids the isolated segmentations as often occurred in the previous multi-atlas-based methods. In order to learn an image-based regressor for displacement vector prediction, we adopt the following novel strategies in the learning procedure: (1) a joint classification and regression random forest is proposed to learn an image-based regressor together with an ROI classifier in a multi-task manner; (2) high-level context features are extracted from intermediate (estimated) displacement vector and classification maps to enforce the relationship between predicted displacement vectors at neighboring voxels. To validate our method, we compare it with the state-of-the-art multi-atlas-based methods and other learning-based methods on three public brain MR datasets. The results consistently show that our method is better in terms of both segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A learning-based deformable model segmentation method is proposed, which is not sensitive to initialization. </LI> <LI> Smooth segmentation of the whole brain ROIs is obtained by introducing the prior brain ROI shape information. </LI> <LI> Validated on 3 popular datasets, our method achieves the best performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

CT-Guided Microcoil Localization of Small Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules to Direct Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Resection without the Aid of Intraoperative Fluoroscopy

Huang Zhen-guo,Wang Cun-li,Sun Hong-liang,Li Chuan-dong,Gao Bao-xiang,Chen He,Yang Min-xing 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.7

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of CT-guided microcoil localization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) for guiding video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Materials and Methods: Between June 2016 and October 2019, 454 consecutive patients with 501 SPNs who received CTguided microcoil localization before VATS in our institution were enrolled. The diameter of the nodules was 0.93 ± 0.49 cm, and the shortest distance from the nodules to the pleura was 1.41 ± 0.95 cm. The distal end of the microcoil was placed less than 1 cm away from the nodule, and the proximal end was placed outside the visceral pleura. VATS was performed under the guidance of implanted microcoils without the aid of intraoperative fluoroscopy. Results: All 501 nodules were marked with microcoils. The time required for microcoil localization was 12.8 ± 5.2 minutes. Microcoil localization-related complications occurred in 179 cases (39.4%). None of the complications required treatment. A total of 463 nodules were successfully resected under the guidance of implanted microcoils. VATS revealed 38 patients with dislocated microcoils, of which 28 underwent wedge resection (21 cases under the guidance of the bleeding points of pleural puncture, 7 cases through palpation), 5 underwent direct lobectomy, and the remaining 5 underwent a conversion to thoracotomy. In 4 cases, a portion of the microcoil remained in the lung parenchyma. Conclusion: CT-guided microcoil localization of SPNs is safe and reliable. Marking the nodule and pleura simultaneously with microcoils can effectively guide the resection of SPNs using VATS without the aid of intraoperative fluoroscopy.

Rhizosphere Inhibition of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt by Different Surfactinexcreting Strains of Bacillus subtilis

Jia, Ke,Gao, Yu-Han,Huang, Xiao-Qin,Guo, Rong-Jun,Li, Shi-Dong The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.2

Bacillus subtilis B006 strain effectively suppresses the cucumber fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). The population dynamics of Foc, strain B006 and its surfactin over-producing mutant B841 and surfactin-deficient mutant B1020, in the rhizosphere were determined under greenhouse conditions to elucidate the importance of the lipopeptides excreted by these strains in suppressing Foc. Results showed that B. subtilis strain B006 effectively suppressed the disease in natural soil by 42.9%, five weeks after transplanting, whereas B841 and B1020 suppressed the disease by only 22.6% and 7.1%, respectively. Quantitative PCR assays showed that effective colonization of strain B006 in the rhizosphere suppressed Foc propagation by more than 10 times both in nursery substrate and in field-infected soil. Reduction of Foc population at the cucumber stems in a range of $0.96log_{10}ng/g$ to $2.39log_{10}ng/g$ was attained at the third and the fifth weeks of B006 treatment in nursery substrate. In field-infected soil, all three treatments with B. subtilis suppressed Foc infection, indicated by the reduction of Foc population at a range of $2.91log_{10}ng/g$ to $3.36log_{10}ng/g$ at the stem base, one week after transplanting. This study reveals that the suppression of fusarium wilt disease is affected by the effective colonization of the surfactin-producing B. subtilis strain in the rhizosphere. These results improved our understanding of the biocontrol mechanism of the B. subtilis strain B006 in the natural soil and facilitate its application as biocontrol agent in the field.

Overexpression of NDRG2 Can Inhibit Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation through Negative Regulation by CYR61

Zhang, Zhi-Guo,Li, Gang,Feng, Da-Yun,Zhang, Jian,Zhang, Jing,Qin, Huai-Zhou,Ma, Lian-Ting,Gao, Guo-Dong,Wu, Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Several recent studies have showed that the n-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a new tumor suppressor gene, and that it plays an important role in tumor suppression in several cancers or cancer cell lines. However, few studies focused on its function in neuroblastoma cells. In the present investigation, we demonstrated that NDRG2 overexpression inhibited their proliferation. Using a cDNA microarray, we found that overexpression of NDRG2 inhibited the expression of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61), a proliferation related gene. From our research, CYR61 may partially hinder NDRG2-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Overexpression of NDRG2 resulted in accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, which was accompanied by upregulation of p21 and p27 and downregulation of CDK4 and cyclin D1. Taken together, these data indicate that NDRG2 inhibits the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells partially through suppression of CYR61. Our findings offer novel insights into the physiological roles of NDRG2 in neuroblastoma cell proliferation, and NDRG2 may prove to be effective candidate for the treatment of children with neuroblastoma.