‘구망 (救亡)”과 “계몽”으로 접근한 중국 다큐멘터리사진 약사

김광영 ( Guangyong Jin ) 한국기초조형학회 2019 기초조형학연구 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 중국의 다큐멘터리사진 역사를 “계몽”과 “구망(기울어져가는 나라를 구함)”의 이중주로 살펴본 것이다. 아울러 그것을 몇개 덩어리로 나누어서 살펴보았는데, 1) 먼저 다큐멘터리사진의 명칭의 함의와 그 수용사를 논한 다음 2) 중국적 상황속에서 다큐멘터리사진이 어떻게 정착 되었으며 3) 격동의 시대에 어떤 역사적 과정을 겪어왔으며 4) 현대다큐멘터리사진은 어떤 양상을 보여주는가가 그것이다. 아울러 본고는 다큐멘터리사진과 저널리즘(정치보도)사진으로 전유된 “다큐멘터리”사진의 역사를 대비시키면서 분석하고자 하였다. 이는 거대 서사와 유사미시서사의 관계로 중국 다큐멘터리사진의 역사를 깊이 있게 분석하기 위함이다. 아울러 “구망(救亡)”과 “계몽”의 관계로 관련 작품을 분절한 것은 다큐멘터리사진을 구체적인 역사적 사회적 지평에 놓기 위함이다. 본고는 1980년대와 1990년대까지를 연구범위로 할 것인데 이는 지면의 한계이기도 하거니와 또 그 이후의 다큐멘터리사진도 그것의 연장선에 서있기 때문이다. 기록성과 사실성을 중시하는 다큐멘터리사진은 중국적 상황 속에서 지속적인 변화와 발전을 가져왔는데, 이는 구체적인 역사적 상황 속에서 “시대성”과 “사실성”이 드러나는 과정이기도 하다. 결론적으로 다큐멘터리사진의 의미 분석은 예술가가 어떤 역사(시대)적 지평에 서서 사실을 어떤 시점으로 바라보는가에 대한 것이다. 바꾸어 말하면 “사실성”과 “기록성”은 간(間) “주관”적인 것만큼 간(間) “객관”적인 것이다. 이러한 입장에서 연구자는 “구망”과 “계몽”이란 시대적 기후(에피스테메)로 중국 다큐멘터리 사진약사를 재구성하고자 하였다. 끝으로 국내외적으로 중국다큐멘터리사진을 “구망”과 “계몽”으로 분석한 논문은 처음일 것이니 본고는 시론적 연구에 속할 것이다. This paper will observe the history of documentary photography in China from the perspectives of salvation and enlightenment. First of all, it will discuss the definition of documentary photography and its adaption in history. And then, it will answer how documentary photography was settled down in China, what kind of processes documentary photography has been experienced, and what kind of aspects it has presented in history. It will also contrast the histories of documentary photography and of “documentary photography”, which transforms into journal photography(or political photography). In doing so, the history of documentary photography in China could be studied in the relation between metanarrative and micronarrative. Besides, documentary photography will be discussed from the perspectives of salvation and enlightenment. The discussion would be limited in the specific historical and social context, ranging from 1980s and 1990s, because the documentary photography after 1980s and 1990s is the extension of the documentary photography from the 1980s and 1990s. Based on the belief that documentary photography could record the historical facts “correctly”, documentary photography has well developed in China. The study could reveal the senses of time and facts because of such specific context tangles with history, culture, and politics. Epistemologically speaking, the senses of time and facts would be changed with different ways of understanding things. In other words, the senses are also “subjective”. In conclusion, the semantic analysis of documentary photography is about how the artist perceives the historical facts. That is to say, the senses of “fact” and “document” are in-between “subjective” and “objective” perceptions. Therefore, this paper aims to reconstruct the history of documentary photography in China from the epistemic perspectives of salvation and enlightenment. Considering that this paper is the first attempt to perceive documentary photography in China from the perspectives of salvation and enlightenment at home and abroad, it could be regarded as a poetic study.

Phenotypic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Forage Crops and Grasses in the Tibetan Plateau

Huili Pang,Zhongfang Tan,Guangyong Qin,Yanping Wang,Zongwei Li,Qingsheng Jin,Yimin Cai 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.1

A total of 140 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from corn, alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and Indian goosegrass in the Tibetan Plateau. According to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence, and recA gene PCR amplification, these LAB isolates were identified as belonging to five genera and nine species. Corn contained more LAB species than other forage crops. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, and Weissella paramesenteroides were dominant members of the LAB population on alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and Indian goosegrass, respectively. The comprehensive 16S rDNA and recA-based approach effectively described the LAB community structure of the relatively abundant LAB species distributed on different forage crops. This is the first report describing the diversity and natural populations of LAB associated with Tibetan forage crops, and most isolates grow well at or below 10°C. The results will be valuable for the future design of appropriate inoculants for silage fermentation in this very cold area.

Experimental Investigation of Output Current Variation in Biased Silicon-based Quadrant Photodetector

Hongxu Liu,Di Wang,Chenang Li,Guangyong Jin 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.4

We report on the relationship between output current for quadrant photodetector (QPD) and bias voltage in silicon-based p-i-n (positive-intrinsic-negative) QPD examined using millisecond pulse laser (ms pulse laser) irradiation. The mechanism governing the relationship was further studied experimentally. The output current curves were obtained by carrying out QPD under different bias voltages (0~40 V) irradiated by ms pulse laser. Compared to other photodetectors, the relaxation was created in the output current for QPD which is never present in other photodetectors, such as PIN and avalanche photodetector (APD), and the maximum value of relaxation was from 6.8 to 38.0 µA, the amplitude of relaxation increases with bias value. The mechanism behind this relaxation phenomenon can be ascribed to the bias voltage induced Joule heating effect. With bias voltage increasing, the temperature in a QPD device will increase accordingly, which makes carriers in a QPD move more dramatically, and thus leads to the formation of such relaxation.

Pulsed-laser-diode Intermittently Pumped 2-μm Acousto-optic Q-switched Tm:LuAG Laser

Ya Wen,Yan Jiang,Hao Zheng,Hongliang Zhang,Chao Wang,Chunting Wu,Guangyong Jin 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.3

The heat distribution in crystals in a 2-µm acousto-optic Q-switched Tm:LuAG laser pumped by pulsed-laser-diode (pulsed-LD) intermittent-pumping technology was analyzed using COMSOL software. The thermal lensing effect of the Tm:LuAG crystal can be mitigated by pulsed-LD intermittent-pumping techniques. An experimental setup using this kind of approach achieved maximum output energy of 8.31 mJ, minimum pulse width of 101.9 ns, and highest peak power of 81.55 kW, reached at a Q-switched repetition rate of 200 Hz. It offers significant improvement of performance of the output laser beam, compared to pulsed-LD double-ended pumping technology at the same repetition rate.

On the plane geometry design method of the loop-free hyperbolic single-layer cable structures

Renjie Liu,Jiajia Cao,Hang Zhao,Su-Duo Xue,Guangyong Wang,Jin Liang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.10

The plane geometry design of the cable-net structure is the basis for the form-finding and structural design. The loop-free single-layer cable-net structure is a new cable-net scheme, but due to its special and complex shape, it is difficult to determine its plane geometry according to architectural requirements. In this paper, the moving support node method is proposed, which can quickly get the plane geometry of a loop-free single-layer cable-net structure. The form-finding is proceeded based on the existing small elastic modulus method. There are two constraints when using the moving support node method. One is that the projection of all cables is straight line, and the other is that the distance between the two cables of each support node and the inner boundary of the target is equal. The aim is to minimize the sum of the distances from all cables to the inner boundary of the target. Using the plane geometry control parameters and the plane coordinates of the support nodes as decision variables, the plane geometry closest to the target inner and outer boundaries is get through optimization analysis. According to the derivation of the formula, the plane projection shape of a loop-free single-layer cable-net structure is mainly related to three parameters, including the number of supports, the difference between the node numbers of the supports at both ends of each cable, and the target curve equations of the inner and outer boundaries. Finally, taking the roof structure of Linyi Olympic Stadium as an instance, the feasibility of the plane geometry design method of the loop-free single-layer cable-net structures based on the moving support node method is verified.