RET signaling is required for survival and normal function of nonpeptidergic nociceptors.

Golden, Judith P,Hoshi, Masato,Nassar, Mohammed A,Enomoto, Hideki,Wood, John N,Milbrandt, Jeffrey,Gereau, Robert W,Johnson, Eugene M,Jain, Sanjay The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.11

<P>Small unmyelinated sensory neurons classified as nociceptors are divided into two subpopulations based on phenotypic differences, including expression of neurotrophic factor receptors. Approximately half of unmyelinated nociceptors express the NGF receptor TrkA, and half express the GDNF family ligand (GFL) receptor Ret. The function of NGF/TrkA signaling in the TrkA population of nociceptors has been extensively studied, and NGF/TrkA signaling is a well established mediator of pain. The GFLs are analgesic in models of neuropathic pain emphasizing the importance of understanding the physiological function of GFL/Ret signaling in nociceptors. However, perinatal lethality of Ret-null mice has precluded the study of the physiological role of GFL/Ret signaling in the survival, maintenance, and function of nociceptors in viable mice. We deleted Ret exclusively in nociceptors by crossing nociceptor-specific Na(v)1.8 Cre and Ret conditional mice to produce Ret-Na(v)1.8 conditional knock-out (CKO) mice. Loss of Ret exclusively in nociceptors results in a reduction in nociceptor number and size, indicating that Ret signaling is important for the survival and trophic support of these cells. Ret-Na(v)1.8 CKO mice exhibit reduced epidermal innervation but normal central projections. In addition, Ret-Na(v)1.8 CKO mice have increased sensitivity to cold and increased formalin-induced pain, demonstrating that Ret signaling modulates the function of nociceptors in vivo. Enhanced inflammation-induced pain may be mediated by decreased prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), as PAP levels are markedly reduced in Ret-Na(v)1.8 CKO mice. The results of this study identify the physiological role of endogenous Ret signaling in the survival and function of nociceptors.</P>

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DETERMINANTS OF VIRTUAL WATER TRADE BASED ON EMPIRICAL STUDIES

( Golden Odey ),( Bashir Adelodun ),김상현,최경숙 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

The increasing population of the world coupled with the increase in economic and social activities has led to the rise in water consumption, prompting the initiation of technical and managerial actions aimed at establishing rational and sustainable water policies. The virtual water concept as a water efficiency metric is becoming increasingly popular and various nations have collaboratively developed commodity- and livestock-focused flow regulations through trade, based on this concept. Virtual water trade enables the externalization of the impacts of water and countries dependency rate on foreign water resources to be determined. However, analyzing virtual water trade purely from a water endowment perspective offers a partial judgment since trade in virtual water may originate from other indicators different from water endowment. This study therefore reviewed available literature to determine the indicators integrated in the studies related of virtual water trade, and their role in shaping virtual water exchanges over the years at the local and international levels. Based on available studies, it is reported that virtual water trade within and between nations is commonly influenced by socioeconomic and environmental indicators and the interpretation of the resultant effect of these indicators is essential for setting national and regional water use targets. However, a nonconformity of literatures and an inadequacy in the level of environmental indicators studied in relation to virtual water trade over the years, suggests a need for improved research through the adoption of more integrated approaches to virtual water trade, with special concern on the quantitative exploration of environmental and socioeconomic indicators related to virtual water exchanges, and the complexity of virtual water networks.

토지, 물 및 식량 안보를 위한 식품 무역의 영향성 평가: 한국의 관점에서

골든오데이 ( Golden Odey ),바실아델러둔 ( Bashir Adelodun ),이슬기 ( Seulgi Lee ),칼리드아데올라아데요미 ( Khalid Adeola Adeyemi ),최경숙 ( Kyung Sook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

The observed and predicted changes in climate, as well as the growth in urban population, are creating severe stress on existing water resources in South Korea. By the importation of agricultural products from more water-rich countries through the virtual water concept, a country could save local water resources for other important uses. However, these imports from other countries could lead to certain vulnerabilities in the importing country derived from climate change. This study therefore assessed the implication of virtual water imports and climate change through food trade, on the water, land and food security status of South Korea over the period of 2000 to 2017. The results showed that significant amounts of national water and land was saved through the importation of major upland crops. Virtual water imports increased significantly over time, rising from 16.2 Bm3 in 2000 to 16.5, 17.4, and 20.7 Bm3 in 2005, 2011, and 2017 respectively, with the USA, China, Australia, Brazil and Canada being the major exporters to South Korea. The study also revealed high Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) values for the oils and grains category of imported food, implying the high vulnerability of South Korea to climate change effects resulting from the import of these crops. The quantitative impacts and structural changes in virtual water trade, as well as the link between climate change, food security, international trade, and domestic water consumption could be evaluated for the sustainable management and allocation of resources.

비교발전론에서 본 현재

John Golden 세계평화교수협의회 1981 廣場 Vol.100 No.-

Effect of melt temperature on the mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses

Kumar, Golden,Ohkubo, Tadakatsu,Hono, Kazuhiro Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2009 Journal of materials research Vol.24 No.7

<P>The effect of melt temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of three Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs)-Zr62Cu17Ni13Al8, Zr55Cu20Ni10Al10Ti5, and Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 (Vit105)-has been studied. The results show that the BMGs cast from higher melt temperature exhibit large plastic strains despite their amorphous structure. The samples become macroscopically brittle when the quenched-in crystals form an interconnected microstructure. In contrast to previous studies, there is no notable effect on the Poisson’s ratio (ν) and other elastic constants.</P>

계절적 기후변화의 콩생산량에 미치는 영향 평가

골든오데이 ( Golden Odey ),바실아델러둔 ( Bashir Adelodun ),칼리드아데올라아데요미 ( Khalid Adeola Adeyemi ),최경숙 ( Kyung Sook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2021 No.-

물과 가상수에 대한 대중인식 형성 인자 분석

골든오데이 ( Golden Odey ),바실아델러둔 ( Bashir Adelodun ),이슬기 ( Seulgi Lee ),쿠두스아데이 ( Qudus Adeyi ),최경숙 ( Kyung Sook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2023 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2023 No.0

Water demand management is a crucial approach for ensuring sustainable water supply. To ensure an effective water demand management, it is essential to have a good understanding of public perceptions of water use. In this study, we examined the perceptions of water use and virtual water of Daegu inhabitants in South Korea, with a focus on understanding their sociodemographic characteristics, water-saving behaviors, environmental attitudes, and accuracy in estimating water use and virtual water content. The results indicated that the majority of respondents were aware of the need for water conservation but exhibited only moderate engagement in water-saving behaviors. They consistently underestimated their water use across various activities (portable drinking water, shower, toilet flush, laundry and car wash), indicating a lack of understanding regarding the magnitude of water consumption. Similarly, respondents had limited awareness of the virtual water content in different products, with inaccurate perceptions of water-intensive products. Sociodemographic factors such as gender, education level, annual income, and family size significantly influenced perceptions of water use, while environmental attitudes played a significant role in the perceptions of both water use and virtual water content. The study highlights the need for educational initiatives to enhance public awareness and understanding of water use and virtual water, particularly in addressing misconceptions and promoting sustainable water management practices. While the findings are specific to Daegu city, they provide insights that can inform water management strategies in other cities globally.

식량교역의 토지, 물, 식량 안보에 미치는 영향 평가

골든오데이 ( Golden Odey ),바실아델러둔 ( Bashir Adelodun ),이슬기 ( Seulgi Lee ),칼리드아데올라아데요미 ( Khalid Adeola Adeyemi ),최경숙 ( Kyung Sook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

The observed and predicted changes in climate, as well as the growth in urban population, are creating severe stress on existing water resources in South Korea. By the importation of agricultural products from more water-rich countries through the virtual water concept, a country could save local water resources for other important uses. However, these imports from other countries could lead to certain vulnerabilities in the importing country derived from climate change. This study therefore assessed the implication of virtual water imports and climate change through food trade, on the water, land and food security status of South Korea over the period of 2000 to 2017. The results showed that significant amounts of national water and land was saved through the importation of major upland crops. Virtual water imports increased significantly over time, rising from 16.2 Bm3 in 2000 to 16.5, 17.4, and 20.7 Bm3 in 2005, 2011, and 2017 respectively, with the USA, China, Australia, Brazil and Canada being the major exporters to South Korea. The study also revealed high Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) values for the oils and grains category of imported food, implying the high vulnerability of South Korea to climate change effects resulting from the import of these crops. The quantitative impacts and structural changes in virtual water trade, as well as the link between climate change, food security, international trade, and domestic water consumption could be evaluated for the sustainable management and allocation of resources.

A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR PREDICTING ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY

Kwon, Ohseok,Golden, Bruce 한국경영과학회 1996 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.2

Modeling techniques such as linear regression have been used to predict hurricane activity many months in advance of the start of the hurricane season with some success. In this paper, we construct feedforward neural networks to model Atlantic basin hurricane activity and compare the predictions of our neural network models to the predictions produced by statistical models found in the weather forecasting literature. We find that our neural network models produce reasonably accurate predictions that, for the most part, compare favorably to the predictions of statistical models.

Analysis of Spatial-temporal Variability and Trends of Extreme Precipitation Indices over Chungcheong Province, South Korea

Bashir, Adelodun,Golden, Odey,Seulgi, Lee,Kyung Sook, Choi The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 2022 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.64 No.6

Extreme precipitation events have recently become a leading cause of disasters. Thus, investigating the variability and trends of extreme precipitation is crucial to mitigate the increasing impact of such events. Spatial distribution and temporal trends in annual precipitation and four extreme precipitation indices of duration (CWD), frequency (R10 mm), intensity (Rx1day), and percentile-based threshold (R95pTOT) were analyzed using the daily precipitation data of 10 observation stations in Chungcheong province during 1974-2020. The precipitation at all observation stations, except the Boryeong station, showed nonsignificant increasing trends at 95% confidence level (CL) and increasing magnitudes from the west to east regions. The high variability in mean annual precipitation was more pronounced around the northeast and northwest regions. Similarly, there were moderate to high patterns in extreme precipitation indices around the northeast region. However, the precipitation indices of duration and frequency consistently increased from the west to east regions, while those of intensity and percentile-based threshold increased from the south to east regions. Nonsignificant increasing trends dominated in CWD, R10 mm, and Rx1day at all stations, except for R10 mm at Boeun station and Rx1day at Cheongju and Jecheon stations, which showed a significantly increasing trend. The spatial distribution of trend magnitude shows that R10 mm increased from the west to east regions. Furthermore, variations in precipitation were very strongly correlated (99% CL) with R10 mm, Rx1day, and R95pTOT at all stations, except with wR10 mm at Cheongju station, which was strongly correlated with a 95% CL.