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A Systematic Review of Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Pacific Region
Obel, J.,Souares, Y.,Hoy, D.,Baravilala, W.,Garland, S.M.,Kjaer, S.K.,Roth, A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21
This study provides the first systematic literature review of cervical cancer incidence and mortality as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype prevalence among women with cervical cancer in the Pacific Island countries and territories. The cervical cancer burden in the Pacific Region is substantial, with age standardized incidence rates ranging from 8.2 to 50.7 and age standardized mortality rate from 2.7 to 23.9 per 100,000 women per year. The HPV genotype distribution suggests that 70-80% of these cancers could be preventable by the currently available bi- or quadrivalent HPV vaccines. There are only few comprehensive studies examining the epidemiology of cervical cancer in this region and no published data have hitherto described the current cervical cancer prevention initiatives in this region.
D.J. Crain,S.E. Rock,J.E. Garland,D. Roy 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.9
The diode ideality factor (m) and the series resistance (Rs) of a Si solar cell represent two criticalperformance-indicator parameters of the device. Since both m and Rs are functions of voltage (V) andtemperature (T), simultaneous electrical measurements of these parameters under variable conditions ofV and T can often be difficult with traditional direct current (D.C.) techniques. Using the electro-analyticalmethod of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and a commonly available Si solar cell, we explore thesespecific confines of such D.C. measurements. The results are compared with those obtained from aparallel set of alternating current (A.C.) measurements using impedance spectroscopy (IS). LSV providesthe main D.C. parameters (open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and efficiency) of the cell,but is limited in terms of independently measuring m and Rs beyond strong forward biased conditions. The IS approach is free of the latter experimental constraints, and at the same time can provide severalother important electrical parameters of the solar cell. Specifically, IS detects the presence of a low-high(pepþ) junction at the back surface of the cell, and serves as an efficient probe of certain electricalcharacteristics of this junction.
Obel, J,McKenzie, J,Buenconsejo-Lum, LE,Durand, AM,Ekeroma, A,Souares, Y,Hoy, D,Baravilala, W,Garland, SM,Kjaer, SK,Roth, A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8
Objective : To provide background information for strengthening cervical cancer prevention in the Pacific by mapping current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening practices, as well as intent and barriers to the introduction and maintenance of national HPV vaccination programmes in the region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among ministry of health officials from 21 Pacific Island countries and territories (n=21). Results: Cervical cancer prevention was rated as highly important, but implementation of prevention programs were insufficient, with only two of 21 countries and territories having achieved coverage of cervical cancer screening above 40%. Ten of 21 countries and territories had included HPV vaccination in their immunization schedule, but only two countries reported coverage of HPV vaccination above 60% among the targeted population. Key barriers to the introduction and continuation of HPV vaccination were reported to be: (i) Lack of sustainable financing for HPV vaccine programs; (ii) Lack of visible government endorsement; (iii) Critical public perception of the value and safety of the HPV vaccine; and (iv) Lack of clear guidelines and policies for HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Current practices to prevent cervical cancer in the Pacific Region do not match the high burden of disease from cervical cancer. A regional approach, including reducing vaccine prices by bulk purchase of vaccine, technical support for implementation of prevention programs, operational research and advocacy could strengthen political momentum for cervical cancer prevention and avoid risking the lives of many women in the Pacific.