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The Safety and Efficacy of a Dietary Herbal Supplement and Gallic Acid for Weight Loss
Frank L. Greenway,Andrew T. Roberts,Corby K. Martin,Zhijun Liu,Ronald J. Amen,Eugene A. Woltering,Jennifer C. Rood,Mary K. Caruso,Ying Yu,Hui Xie 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
The objective of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of NT, a dietary herbal supplement made fromrhubarb, ginger, astragulus, red sage, and turmeric, combined with gallic acid (GA) to reduce food intake and cause weightloss. A total of 105 healthy subjects, 1860 years old with a body mass index of 2535 kg/m2 and on no chronic medication,were randomized to a 300 mg/1.2 g NT-GA combination, a 600 mg/2.4 g NT-GA combination, or placebo in three divideddoses daily for 24 weeks. Food intake was measured at baseline and 2 weeks, and safety parameters were followed regularly.Pharmacokinetic studies of a 200 mg/800 mg NT-GA combination and 800 g GA alone were performed with and withoutfood. There was no dose-related weight loss or reduction in food intake at the 8-week analysis, and the study was terminatedearly. Pharmacokinetic studies showed plasma levels of GA did not increase above 10 .M and were not dose-related. TheNT-GA at all concentrations was well tolerated, but was ineffective in causing weight loss or in suppressing food intake. Phar-macokinetics suggested that GA plasma levels were limited by oral absorption, and may be the reason for lack of efficacy.
Frontispiz: A Cytoprotective and Degradable Metal–Polyphenol Nanoshell for Single‐Cell Encapsulation
Park, Ji Hun,Kim, Kyunghwan,Lee, Juno,Choi, Ji Yu,Hong, Daewha,Yang, Sung Ho,Caruso, Frank,Lee, Younghoon,Choi, Insung S. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 Angewandte Chemie Vol.126 No.46
<P><B>Nanoschalen</B> F. Caruso, Y. Lee, I. S. Choi und Mitarbeiter beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 12628 ff., dass einzelne Hefezellen durch die Bildung einer Nanoschale aus Gerbsäure und Fe<SUP>III</SUP>‐Ionen geschützt werden können.</P>
Ag Nanoparticle/Polydopamine-Coated Inverse Opals as Highly Efficient Catalytic Membranes
Choi, Gwan H.,Rhee, Do Kyung,Park, A. Reum,Oh, Min Jun,Hong, Sunghwan,Richardson, Joseph J.,Guo, Junling,Caruso, Frank,Yoo, Pil J. American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.5
<P>Polymeric three-dimensional inverse-opal (JO) structures provide unique structural properties useful for various applications ranging from optics to separation technologies. Despite vast needs for IO functionalization to impart additional chemical properties, this task has been seriously challenged by the intrinsic limitation of polymeric porous materials that do not allow for the easy penetration of waterborne moieties or precursors. To overcome this restriction, we present a robust and straightforward method of employing a dipping-based surface modification with polydopamine (PDA) inside the IO structures, and demonstrate their application to catalytic membranes via synthetic incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The PDA coating offers and successful creation of nucleation sites for a reduction of growth of the Ag nanoparticles. The resulting Ag nanoparticleincorporated IC) structures are utilized as catalytic membranes for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to its amino derivatives in the presence of NaBH4. Synergistically combined characteristics of high reactivity of Ag nanoparticles along with a greatly enhanced internal surface area of IO structures enable the implementation of remarkably improved catalytic performance, exhibiting a good conversion efficiency greater than 99% while minimizing loss in the membrane permeability.</P>
Layer-by-layer assembled charge-trap memory devices with adjustable electronic properties
Lee, Jang-Sik,Cho, Jinhan,Lee, Chiyoung,Kim, Inpyo,Park, Jeongju,Kim, Yong-Mu,Shin, Hyunjung,Lee, Jaegab,Caruso, Frank Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2007 Nature nanotechnology Vol.2 No.12
<P>We describe a versatile approach for preparing flash memory devices composed of polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle multilayer films. Anionic gold nanoparticles were used as the charge storage elements, and poly(allylamine)/poly(styrenesulfonate) multilayers deposited onto hafnium oxide (HfO2)-coated silicon substrates formed the insulating layers. The top contact was formed by depositing HfO2 and platinum. In this study, we investigated the effect of increasing the number of polyelectrolyte and gold nanoparticle layers on memory performance, including the size of the memory window (the critical voltage difference between the 'programmed' and 'erased' states of the devices) and programming speed. We observed a maximum memory window of about 1.8 V, with a stored electron density of 4.2 x 1012 cm-2 in the gold nanoparticle layers, when the devices consist of three polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle layers. The reported approach offers new opportunities to prepare nanostructured polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle-based memory devices with tailored performance.</P>
Stabilization of Polymer-Hydrogel Capsules via Thiol–Disulfide Exchange
Chong, Siow-Feng,Chandrawati, Rona,Stä,dler, Brigitte,Park, Jeongju,Cho, Jinhan,Wang, Yajun,Jia, Zhongfan,Bulmus, Volga,Davis, Thomas P.,Zelikin, Alexander N.,Caruso, Frank WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Small Vol.5 No.22
<P>Polymer hydrogels are used in diverse biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Among different chemical linkages, the natural and reversible thiol–disulfide interconversion is extensively explored to stabilize hydrogels. The creation of macro-, micro-, and nanoscale disulfide-stabilized hydrogels commonly relies on the use of oxidizing agents that may have a detrimental effect on encapsulated cargo. Herein an oxidization-free approach to create disulfide-stabilized polymer hydrogels via a thiol–disulfide exchange reaction is reported. In particular, thiolated poly(methacrylic acid) is used and the conditions of polymer crosslinking in solution and on colloidal porous and solid microparticles are established. In the latter case, removal of the core particles yields stable, hollow, disulfide-crosslinked hydrogel capsules. Further, a procedure is developed to achieve efficient disulfide crosslinking of multilayered polymer films to obtain stable, liposome-loaded polymer-hydrogel capsules that contain functional enzymatic cargo within the liposomal subcompartments. This approach is envisaged to facilitate the development of biomedical applications of hydrogels, specifically those including fragile cargo.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Polymer-hydrogel capsules are stabilized via disulfide linkages whereby crosslinking relies on the thiol–disulfide exchange without the use of oxidizing agents (see image). The method permits the formation of hollow capsules as well as functional capsosomes, hydrogel capsules subcompartmentalized with enzyme-loaded liposomes, without the loss of activity of liposome-encapsulated enzymes. <img src='wiley_img/16136810-2009-5-22-SMLL200900906-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16136810-2009-5-22-SMLL200900906-content'> </P>
Influence of Ionic Strength on the Deposition of Metal–Phenolic Networks
Guo, Junling,Richardson, Joseph J.,Besford, Quinn A.,Christofferson, Andrew J.,Dai, Yunlu,Ong, Chien W.,Tardy, Blaise L.,Liang, Kang,Choi, Gwan H.,Cui, Jiwei,Yoo, Pil J.,Yarovsky, Irene,Caruso, Frank American Chemical Society 2017 Langmuir Vol.33 No.40
<P>Metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) are a versatile class of self-assembled materials that are able to form functional thin films on various substrates with potential applications in areas including drug delivery and catalysis. Different metal ions (e.g., Fe<SUP>III</SUP>, Cu<SUP>II</SUP>) and phenols (e.g., tannic acid, gallic acid) have been investigated for MPN film assembly; however, a mechanistic understanding of the thermodynamics governing MPN formation remains largely unexplored. To date, MPNs have been deposited at low ionic strengths (<5 mM), resulting in films with typical thicknesses of ∼10 nm, and it is still unclear how a bulk complexation reaction results in homogeneous thin films when a substrate is present. Herein we explore the influence of ionic strength (0–2 M NaCl) on the conformation of MPN precursors in solution and how this determines the final thickness and morphology of MPN films. Specifically, the film thickness increases from 10 nm in 0 M NaCl to 12 nm in 0.5 M NaCl and 15 nm in 1 M NaCl, after which the films grow rougher rather than thicker. For example, the root-mean-square roughness values of the films are constant below 1 M NaCl at 1.5 nm; in contrast, the roughness is 3 nm at 1 M NaCl and increases to 5 nm at 2 M NaCl. Small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations allow for comparisons to be made with chelated metals and polyelectrolyte thin films. For example, at a higher ionic strength (2 M NaCl), sodium ions shield the galloyl groups of tannic acid, allowing them to extend away from the Fe<SUP>III</SUP> center and interact with other MPN complexes in solution to form thicker and rougher films. As the properties of films determine their final performance and application, the ability to tune both thickness and roughness using salts may allow for new applications of MPNs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2017/langd5.2017.33.issue-40/acs.langmuir.7b02692/production/images/medium/la-2017-026926_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la7b02692'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>