Strengthening Women`s Role In development-From Capability Perspectives towards policy design

( Firehiwot G Araya ),( Moo Kwon Chung ) 한국정책학회 2013 한국정책학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

This paper assesses the extent to which the conceptualization of gender inequality based on the capability perspective describes equality and development better than the conventional conceptualization. Unlike, the conventional gender inequality indices which fundamentally concentrate on single dimensions or factors that are extrinsic to women, the capability approach bases its ground on the inclusion of various dimension to capture the nature of inequality and development. Using a revised gender inequality index based on the capability approach and random effects panel regression, this study examine how the revised gender inequality index across 114 countries related with the various dimension of development and test its validity to conceptualize development as alternative indicator. The result indicated that the revised gender inequality index can adequately affect poverty head count ratio, child health and multi-dimensional poverty. The findings reveal the validity of the revised index and the importance of conceptualizing equality from multidimensional perspective to policy design.

Moving Towards Sustainable Community Development:

Firehiwot G. Araya 국제개발협력학회 2011 국제개발협력연구 Vol.4 No.1

After discussing important components of sustainable community development (SCD), the paper embarks on Millennium Village Project(MVP) implementation mainly focusing on the Koraro cluster MV in Ethiopia. MVP is a project designed by renowned scientists including Jeffry Sachs at Earth Institute, in partnership with Millennium Promise, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It has been under implementation starting from 2005 in 15 disadvantaged remote cluster villages in ten African countries each with an average estimated 5000 households with an objective to facilitate the achievement of MDGs. Using qualitative and quantitative data gathered from the Koraro MV site, this paper made vital recommendations to ensure the sustainability of this project. Supporting arguments from the Sauri MV site in Kenya made by other scholars was also used in order to increase the applicability of the recommendation to other MVs. The findings show that MV lacks important components of sustainable community development (SCD). SCD is a strategy for development which seeks to balance environmental, economic and social benefits. In order to ensure sustainability of the achievements, the MVP needs to empower the community through community capacity building and participation.

Promoting gender equalities from a capability perspective: The role of social policy in the context of developing countries

Firehiwot G. Araya,정무권 한국행정학회 2015 International Review of Public Administration Vol.20 No.2

Gender equality has recently emerged as an important institutional factor for development, and its focus is moving from the improvement of women’s economic status to capability expansion. In this regard, it has been claimed that social policy is a main instrument for enhancing gender equality in developing countries as much as in developed ones; in particular, spending on education and health is more effective than the traditional social protection, mainly cash transfer for income protection. In this context, this paper attempts to test which policy option can improve gender equality in the context of developing countries. For this, we conducted a regression analysis to investigate the role of social policy in narrowing the gender divide in 75 developing countries. The results show, contrary to common assumption, that social protection policies focusing on income protection are significantly effective to reduce the gender gap from a capability perspective, as opposed to policies of spending on public services such as health and education. However, integrated policies in both areas have greater impact on decreasing gender inequality than a single-policy fix.

Strengthening Women’s Role in Development: From Capability Perspectives towards Policy Design

Firehiwot G. Araya,정무권 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2014 地域發展硏究 Vol.23 No.2

This paper assesses the extent to which the conceptualization of gender inequality based on the capability perspective describes equality and development better than the conventional conceptualization. Unlike, the conventional gender inequality indices, which fundamentally concentrate on single dimensions or factors that are extrinsic to women, the capability approach bases its ground on the inclusion of various dimensions to capture the nature of inequality and development. Using a revised gender capability index and random effects panel regression, this study examines how gender inequality conceptualized from capability perspective across 75 countries relates with the various dimension of development, and tests its validity to conceptualize development as alternative indicator. The result indicated that the gender inequality can adequately affect poverty head count ratio, child health and multi-dimensional poverty. The findings also revealed the validity of the revised index and the importance of conceptualizing equality from multidimensional perspective to better policy design.

협동조합의 상업화를 넘어서: 이디오피아 농업협동조합의 자주적 지역공동체 형성을 위한 역할 확대에 대한 평가

( Firehiwot G. Araya ),정무권 ( Moo Kwon Chung ) 한국협동조합학회 2015 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.33 No.1

The transformation of agricultural cooperatives’ purpose to incorporate social service has been considered as an innovate means to satisfy the ever increasing social demand. However, this expansion into new areas means there is a need for a comprehensive performance evaluation tool to capture the whole extent of these services. Corresponding to the recent trend, we argue that cooperatives’ performance needs to include the economic, social and governance criteria. Using two surveys on the agriculture cooperatives of Ethiopia, we analyzed their performance from the three dimensions. Although, cooperatives in Ethiopia have been contributing to the commercialization of farmer’s products and improve income, they are highly confined to agriculture input supply. Their social and governance approaches found to be limited due to lack of adequate capacity to execute such services. Regional variability, which is attributed to the difference in the agro- economic and governances structure of the regions, also showed that the institutional sustainability of cooperatives becomes eluded, unless they are closely integrated to the agricultural input supply chain.

Corruption and Economic Growth in East African Countries

Araya, Firehiwot G.,Kim, Pan Suk(김판석) 한국아프리카학회 2013 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.39 No.-

이 논문은 부패와 경제성장간의 관계를 분석하는 기존 담론에 동아프리카 사례분석을 추가하고자 한다. 이 논문의 분석에서는 헤리티지재단이 각국의 경제자유를 측정하기 위하여 고안한 경제자유 10가지 지표 중 7가지를 활용하였다. 통계분석에서 활용한 7개 변수는 헤리티지재단이 고안한 재정자유, 정부지출, 비즈니스자유, 통화자유, 무역자유, 시장안정 등이다. 분석결과, 부패와 경제성장간에는 관계가 있음을 보여주는데, 그 관계차원은 여러 요인에 달려 있음을 보여준다. 첫째, 이미 언급한 7개변수는 부패와 상관관계를 가지고 있지만, 요인분석 통계분석방법의 차원감소방법을 활용하여 3개요소(재정자유, 시장안정 그리고 정부지출)를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 각 지표는 각국의 경제자유를 나타내는 의미 있는 것으로 하나의 개선은 또 다른 개선으로 이어질 수 있을 것이다. 둘째 회귀분석을 하였는데 재정자유는 경제성정과 긍정적인 관계를 가진 것으로 나타났으며, 시장안정은 경제성장과 부정적인 관계를 보였고, 그리고 정부지출은 유의미한 통계적 관계를 보여주지 못했다. 마지막으로 이 논문의 분석은 경제성장에서의 부패의 영향을 변화시키는 역할을 할 수 있는 여러 다른 요인들을 많이 포함하지 않았기 때문에 그 연구 영역에서 의미해석이 일부 제한적일 수 있음을 밝힌다. This paper attempts to add to the existing discourse by analyzing the relationship between corruption and economic growth in six East African countries, using seven of the ten indicators from the economic freedom that the Heritage Foundation has designed to measure economic freedom of countries. The seven variables used in the empirical analysis are freedom from corruption, fiscal freedom, government spending, business freedom, monetary freedom, trade freedom, and investment freedom. The result shows that the presence of corruption has a relationship with economic growth. However, the dimension of this relationship is dependent on other factors. First, it is found that the seven indicators have a correlation with corruption and are reduced to three variables of fiscal freedom, market stability and government spending using the factor analysis dimension reduction statistical methodology. While each indicator is valuable to show the economic freedom of a country, improving one will result in improving the other as well. Second, the regression analysis found that while fiscal freedom has a positive relationship, market stability showed a negative relationship with economic growth. Government spending showed an insignificant relationship. This analysis, however, is limited in its scope as it did not include other factors that can play a role in shifting the impact of corruption on growth.

Organizational Capacity and Performance of Ethiopian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Araya, Firehiwot G.,Han, Sang-Il(한상일) 한국아프리카학회 2015 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.45 No.-

많은 국가에서 중소기업은 고용을 창출하면서 혁신과 경쟁력을 높이는 역할을 수행한다. 따라서 중소기업의 경쟁력 제고가 개발도상국가 경제성장의 지름길로 여겨지고 있으며 경제적 혁신을 촉진하고 사회적 영향력을 키우며 취약한 계층에게 많은 일자리를 제공하는데 기여한다. 이 논문의 연구대상 국가인 에티오피아에서도 중소기업은 빠른 속도로 성장하고 있으며 그들의 혁신과 기업가정신을 통해서 도시지역의 실업문제를 해소하는데 많은 기여를 하는 것으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 많은 기존연구가 중소기업의 고용창출효과에 초점을 맞추고 있는 반면 그들의 조직역량과 성과에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 중소기업의 조직역량과 성과는 생존과 지속가능성에 영향을 주는 중요한 요인인 만큼 이 논문의 저자들은 에티오피아 중소기업의 조직역량과 성과를 측정하고 그들의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해 중소기업의 중요성, 조직역량, 성과 등에 대한 이론적 배경을 제시한 후, 에티오피아 아디스아바바 지역에 소재한 214개 중소기업을 대상으로 조사한 자료를 바탕으로 평균값 분석과 회귀분석을 활용한 실증분석을 진행한다. 마지막으로 분석결과를 토대로 연구의 함의와 향후 연구의 방향을 제시하였다. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) outnumber large companies worldwide by a wide margin, employ many more people and drive innovation and competition in many economic sectors. The move toward promoting more SMEs is often associated with their ability to lead socio-economic development through economic innovation and social impacts, thus creating more jobs for the vulnerable. In Ethiopia, the recent growth in SMEs has proven to be an innovative way to challenge high urban unemployment by advocating more entrepreneurship. However, many studies concentrate on the SMEs’ role of job creation rather than their organizational capacity and performance which leads to their sustainability and survival. In this paper, we empirically analyze the impact of organization capacity and management system of SMEs on their economic performance, using mean comparison followed by a regression analysis. Specifically, we identify which element of organizational capacity has the most significant impact on SME economic performance. Therefore, the paper presents a theoretical argument that supports the importance of SMEs in a local economy, their organizational capacity and their performance and shows the statistical results of the mean comparison and linear regression analysis. Finally, a discussion of the results and conclusion are presented with final remarks.

에티오피아의 경제개혁과 빈곤완화전략

김판석,Firehiwot G. Araya,백인립 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2011 地域發展硏究 Vol.20 No.2

이 연구는 에티오피아의 경제개발과 개혁 프로그램 그리고 빈곤완화전략을 분석하고자 한다. 에티오피아는 그간 지속적인 경제성장과 기본 서비스의 확장 등을 통하여 다른 아프리카국가들에 비해 상대적으로 나아지고 있는 것으로 알려지고 있으나 국가경제가 지나치게 농업에 의존하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 최근에 기반시설의 확장, 호텔과 관광산업 등의 발전으로 인하여 서비스분야가 경제발전을 선도하는 것으로 나타나 긍정적으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 에티오피아는 여전히 최빈국 중의 하나이고 경제구조도 지나치게 대외원조에 의존적이다. 따라서 자원동원과 인적자원개발이 에티오피아의 정책영역에서 우선순위를 차지하고 있으며 그것은 접근성과 서비스의 품질을 개선하는데 중요하다. 그리고 급증하는 인구증가를 통제하는 것이 에티오피아의 국가발전전략에서 매우 중요한 이슈이므로 여러 정책과제들을 분야별로 살펴보기로 한다.

A comparative study of Civil service reform in ASEAN member countries

김판석,Araya, Firehiwot G. 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2012 東南亞硏究 Vol.22 No.1

아세안(동남아국가연합, ASEAN)은 1967년에 결성되어 현재 10개국으로 구성되어 동남아 해당국가들간의 긴밀한 협력을 도모하고 있다. 과거에는 이들 나라의 형편이 어려웠지만, 최근에는 다수의 이들 나라들이 괄목할 만한 발전을 보이면서 세계도 이들 나라들에 대해서 주목하기 시작했다. 그러나 한국의 인문사회과학분야에서는 동남아국가들의 정치행정에 대한 깊은 이해가 부족한 상태이다. 물론 관광과 물자교류 등에 대해서는 적극적이라 하더라도 이들 나라들에 대한 정치행정적 차원의 이해도는 높지 않다. 이런 맥락에서 이 논문은아세안(동남아국가연합)을 하나의 분석단위로 삼고, 이들 10개국의 공무원 제도개혁 등을 비교하고자 한다. 이를 위해 아세안(동남아국가연합) 회원국들의 사회정치적 맥락을 간략하게 살펴본 다음, 공공 거버넌스와 공공분야개혁을 살펴본다. 그런 후에 이들 국가들의 공무원제도의 주요 특징과 핵심적인 공무원제도 개혁 등을 비교하고자 한다. 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 향후에는 보다 심층적인 비교 연구가 가능할 것이다.

Public Sector Reformin the Path to Reconstruction in Africa

Pan Suk Kim,Firehiwot G. Araya 한국공공관리학회 2013 한국공공관리학보 Vol.27 No.1

Both Rwanda and Mozambique have had a very devastating history of conflict which makes them important subjects for analysis of the role of public administration in the rebuilding of respective nations. In the process of reconstruction of countries that were devastated by conflict and civil war, public administration plays a critical role in the path to reconstruction. The functioning of state machinery is vital to stabilize, initiate and run development programs as well as create political and socio-economic stability. This study shows that there has been a positive change towards stabilization and economic performance in recent years, but both countries have a long way to go to bring the country to an acceptable level of development due to lack of institutionalization and good governance in the public sector.