Novel bile acid derivatives induce apoptosis via a p53-independent pathway in human breast carcinoma cells

Im, Eun-ok,Choi, Yung Hyun,Paik, Kee-Joo,Suh, Hongsuk,Jin, Youngeup,Kim, Kyu-Won,Yoo, Young Hyun,Kim, Nam Deuk 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2001 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.17 No.-

We have compared the anti-proliferative effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and their derivatives, HS-1183, HS-1199 and HS-1200, on MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53) cells. While UDCA and CDCA exhibited no significant effect, their novel derivatives inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, concomitant with apoptotic unclear changes and the increase of a sub-G1 population and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, we also observed an increase in the ratio of pro-apoptotic protein Bax to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cleavages of lamin B and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle related proteins, cyclin D1 and D3, as well as retinoblastoma protein (pRb) were down-regulated, while the level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21^WAFI/CIPI was increased in both cancer cells after treatment with novel bile acids. These findings suggest that these cytotoxic effects of novel bile acid derivatives on human breast carcinoma cells were mediated via apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. ⓒ 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Feminist Approach to Theory Evaluation

Im, Eun-Ok The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul Na 2004 간호학의 지평 Vol.1 No.1

Despite the new wave of diverse philosophical thoughts in nursing, the criteria for theory evaluation rarely incorporate the new thoughts in its realm. Especially, feminist thoughts, which have contributed to the development of nursing knowledge through incorporating diversities and complexities of nursing phenomenon and reflecting social, cultural, and historical contexts surrounding nursing encounters, were rarely incorporated into the evaluation criteria. In this paper, a feminist approach to theory evaluation is proposed based on a critical analysis of the existing evaluation criteria. First, a historical review of feminist thoughts is provided, and feminist principles across diverse groups of thinking within feminism are discussed. Then, theory evaluation criteria are historically analyzed and critiqued while considering the feminist principles. The critical points found in the currently available theory evaluation criteria include: (a) the evaluation criteria are based on objectivity, (b) they are ignoring gender differences; (c) cultural differences tend not to be seriously considered; and (d) contexts surrounding nursing phenomenon are rarely considered. Based on the critical points, four additional components for theory evaluation are proposed. The components are: (a) respect for subjectivity; (b) historical and sociopolitical contextual considerations; (c) gender sensitivity; (d) cultural competence; and (e) blueprint for action.

Transcultural Nursing: Current Trends in Theoretical Works

Eun-Ok Im,이예림 한국간호과학회 2018 Asian Nursing Research Vol.12 No.3

Purpose: To explore the current trends in theoretical works related to transcultural nursing through an integrated literature review. Methods: The literature on theoretical works related to transcultural nursing during the past 10 years was searched through multiple databases and reviewed to determine themes reflecting the current trends in theoretical works related to transcultural nursing. Results: Through the review and analysis process, four themes reflecting the current trends in theoretical works related to transcultural nursing were found: (a) purposes of exploring, defining and clarifying, and reflecting; (b) various theorizing methods; (c) multiple sources of theorizing; and (d) clear linkages to nursing practice and research. Conclusion: Continuous efforts need to be made to further develop the theoretical works related to transcultural nursing to reflect changes in this ever-changing nursing world.

Korean Women's Breast Cancer Experience: Cultural Differences

Eun-Ok Im,Eun Ok Lee,Young Sook Park 대한종양간호학회 2001 Asian Oncology Nursing Vol.1 No.1

Methodological Issues in Nursing Research using IT Technology: A Discussion Paper

Im, Eun-Ok,Chee, Wonshik 한국지역사회간호학회 2019 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Purpose: Recent advances in computer and mobile technologies have brought increasing usages of IT technology in nursing research across nursing fields. Despite the increasing usages, there has been little discussion on methodological issues involved in nursing research using IT technology. This is a discussion paper to identify methodological issues in IT technology-based nursing research. Methods: An analysis was done using content analysis on research team meeting minutes and research team members’ research diaries in a clinical trial that tested the efficacy of a technology-based intervention. First, several major categories of IT technology-based nursing research are concisely summarized. Then, the method that was used for this analysis is presented. Results: The findings are presented as themes reflecting methodological issues in IT technology-based research: (a) difficulties in recruitment due to necessary technology literacy; (b) facilitating recruitment through allowing the use of multiple languages; (c) participants’ preferences for specific IT technology; (d) efforts needed to ensure technological security; (e) participants’ preferences for design; and (f) necessary considerations on timing. Conclusion: Finally, future directions for nursing research using IT technology are proposed based on the identified issues.

Dihydroartemisinin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through inhibiting the specificity protein 1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells

Im, Eunji,Yeo, Changhwan,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Lee, Eun-Ok Elsevier 2018 Life sciences Vol.192 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Aims</B></P> <P>Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, well known for a safe and effective first-line antimalarial agent. This study investigated whether and how DHA induces apoptosis focusing on the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep-1 cells.</P> <P><B>Main methods</B></P> <P>The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed after PI staining by flow cytometry system. Apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI staining and by detecting cytoplasmic histone-associated-DNA-fragments using a cell death detection ELISA<SUP>PLUS</SUP> kit. The expression of proteins involved in apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot. The nuclear localization of Sp1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay.</P> <P><B>Key findings</B></P> <P>DHA exerted potent cytotoxicity against HCC SK-Hep-1 cells compared with normal hepatocyte AML12 cells. The sub-G<SUB>1</SUB> DNA content and apoptosis index were increased by DHA, which was accompanied by nuclei condensation and fragmentation. DHA activated caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). DHA-induced apoptotic cell death, activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP were dramatically inhibited by pan caspase inhibitor <I>Z</I>-VAD-FMK. DHA down-regulated protein expression and nuclear localization of Sp1, which in turn decreased Sp1 downstream target protein, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Decreased Sp1 protein expression by DHA was restored by proteasome inhibitor MG132. DHA led to a down-regulation of phospho-ERK, -p38 and -JNK without affecting their total forms.</P> <P><B>Significance</B></P> <P>These results demonstrate that DHA induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC SK-Hep-1 cells by proteasome-dependent degradation of Sp1, which is involved in mitogen-activate protein kinase pathway.</P>

CYTOTOXICITY OF NOVEL DERIVATIVES OF URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID TO HUMAN BREAST TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO

Eun Ok Im,Yeon Hui Jung,Phil Im Byun,So Young Yang,Joo Yeon Lee,Eun Jin Jung,Hong Suk Suh,Nam Deuk Kim 생화학분자생물학회 1997 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> lipoteichoic acid suppresses <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 expression in human periodontal ligament cells

Im, Jintaek,Baik, Jung Eun,Kim, Kyoung Whun,Kang, Seok-Seong,Jeon, Jun Ho,Park, Ok-Jin,Kim, Hyun Young,Kum, Kee-Yeon,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Han, Seung Hyun Oxford University Press 2015 International immunology Vol.27 No.8

<P>LTA from <I>E. faecalis</I> inhibits LPS-induced IL-8 in human periodontal cells</P><P>Periodontitis is caused by multi-bacterial infection and <I>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</I> and <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> are closely associated with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I> (Aa.LPS) and lipoteichoic acid of <I>E. faecalis</I> (Ef.LTA) are considered to be major virulence factors evoking inflammatory responses, their combinatorial effect on the induction of chemokines has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the interaction between Aa.LPS and Ef.LTA on IL-8 expression in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Aa.LPS, but not Ef.LTA, substantially induced IL-8 expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Interestingly, Ef.LTA suppressed Aa.LPS-induced IL-8 expression without affecting the binding of Aa.LPS to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Ef.LTA reduced Aa.LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK, JNK and p38 kinase. Furthermore, Ef.LTA inhibited the Aa.LPS-induced transcriptional activities of the activating protein 1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and nuclear factor-kappa B transcription factors, all of which are known to regulate IL-8 gene expression. Ef.LTA augmented the expression of IL-1 receptor–associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), a negative regulator of TLR intracellular signaling pathways, in the presence of Aa.LPS at both the mRNA and protein levels. Small interfering RNA silencing IRAK-M reversed the attenuation of Aa.LPS-induced IL-8 expression by Ef.LTA. Collectively, these results suggest that Ef.LTA down-regulates Aa.LPS-induced IL-8 expression in human PDL cells through up-regulation of the negative regulator IRAK-M.</P>

Potential changes of wet and dry extremes over Korea from the RegCM3-ECHAM5 model chain under A1B emission scenario

Eun-Soon Im,Ji-Hye Kwon,Byong-Ju Lee,Sang-Ok Han 한국기상학회 2011 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.4

Free Paper Session : Basic 2 & Obesity : Probiotic Effects Of Bacillus Polyfermenticus Evaluated In Two Murine Models Of Colitis

( Eun Ok Im ),( Charalabos Pothoulakis ),( Sang Hoon Rhee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Emerging evidence supports an important beneficial role of probiotics in managing the intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacillus polyfermenticus (BP) is non-pathogenic, Gram positive bacteria and known to produce a bactericidal factor(s) in human gastrointestinal tract. Here we investigated whether BP plays a probiotic effect in two pathophysiologically different models of mouse colitis. Methods: Mice were fed by gastric gavage with BP (107 CFU/day) for a week followed by BP plus DSS (4%) administration for additional two weeks. During the entire experimental period, pathophysiological signs of colitis (mortality, weight loss, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding) were monitored. Histopathology of colonic mucosa was examined to evaluate the severity of colitis. For TNBS-colitis model, mice were fed with oral gavage of BP for 1 week, followed by TNBS enema to induce colitis. Apoptosis in colonic mucosa was examined using TUNEL assay. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-or 4-deficient mice were used in DSS-colitis model to study the in vivo mechanism mediating the probiotic effect of BP. Results: Administration of BP substantially reduced mortality, weight loss, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding in DSS-colitis mice. Colon tissue sections from mice fed with this bacterium plus DSS showed more intact colonic mucosa, compared to the severe erosive lesions and massive leukocytes infiltration observed in colons of mice treated with DSS alone. Administration of BP reversed the histologic damages of colonic mucosa in TNBS-colitis. Moreover, administration of BP suppressed the apoptosis in colon from mice fed with DSS. In TLR2- or 4-deficient mice, however, administration of BP failed to relieve the patho-physiology of DSS-induced colitis. Conclusions: BP ameliorated the colonic inflammation and suppressed the apoptosis in colonic mucosa of experimental colitis, mediated through TLR2 or TLR4. These results suggest a potential application for Bacillus polyfer-menticus in IBD.