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Han, Yonggyu,Kim, Hyoseok,Lee, Min Hyung,Kim, Youngjo,Lee, Junseong,Lee, Yoon Sup,Do, Youngkyu Elsevier 2009 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.694 No.26
<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>The introduction of NR<SUB>2</SUB> group into the bridging Si atom of silylene-bridged <I>ansa</I>-zirconocenes leads to <I>in situ</I> multi-component catalytic systems being capable of producing branched polyethylenes with bimodal molecular weight distribution upon MAO activation.</P><ce:figure></ce:figure> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Reactions of the dilithium salt of aminosilylene-bridged ligands with (Me<SUB>2</SUB>N)<SUB>2</SUB>ZrCl<SUB>2</SUB>(THF)<SUB>2</SUB> followed by the treatment of Me<SUB>3</SUB>SiCl are found to be an efficient synthetic route to aminosilylene-bridged <I>ansa</I>-zirconocenes, R<SUB>2</SUB>N(Me)Si(η<SUP>5</SUP>–C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>ZrCl<SUB>2</SUB> (R=Me (<B>1</B>), Et (<B>2</B>)) and Me<SUB>2</SUB>N(Me)Si(η<SUP>5</SUP>–C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>)(η<SUP>5</SUP>–C<SUB>5</SUB>Me<SUB>4</SUB>)ZrCl<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>3</B>). Crystal structure of <B>3</B> determined by X-ray diffraction study reveals the presence of π-bonding interaction between N and Si atoms, which is further supported by DFT calculation results. These complexes are very active (>1×10<SUP>3</SUP>Kg/(molCat.·atm·h)) for homopolymerization of ethylene in the presence of methylalumoxane (MAO) cocatalyst, generating polyethylenes that contain branches as well as bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD). Methyl, ethyl, butyl, and other longer branches (<I>n</I>≥6) are observed in the resulting polyethylenes. The polyethylenes from <B>1</B>, <B>2</B> and <B>3</B>/MAO show a broad MWD range (6.3–42.2, 3.5–4.0 and 2.6–3.4, respectively).</P>
3분과 : 가선집재작업에서의 작업 생산성 및 비용 분석
한원성 ( Won Sung Han ),한한섭 ( Han Sup Han ),김남훈 ( Nam Hun Kim ),차두송 ( Du Song Chu ),조구현 ( Koo Hyun Cho ),민도홍 ( Do Hong Min ),권기철 ( Ki Cheol Kwon ) 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1
본 연구에서는 임목수확작업에 사용되는 집재기계의 작업효율성을 분석하여 경사가 급한(20° 이상) 작업조건에 적합한 가선계 집재기계를 선정하는데 기초 정보를 제공하고자, 타워야더(RME-300T), 트랙터부착형 집재기(일명: 춘천집재기), 트랙터윈치(FARMI) 등에 의한 집재작업에서의 작업생산성 및 비용을 비교 분석하였다. 평균 흉고직경이 20 cm, 집재거리 60 m, 가로집재거리 10 m, 그리고 기계이용률이 70%인 동일한 작업 조건에서 작업이 이루어질 경우, 타워야더의 1일 집재작업 생산성은 33.04 m3/일, 트랙터부착형 집재기는 38.47 m3/일, 그리고 트랙터윈치는 14.17 m3/일으로 분석되었으며, 이에 따른 집재작업비용은 각각 25,105원/m3, 20,520원/m3, 37,835원/m3으로 나타났다. 동일한 작업조건에서 집재거리에 따른 각 집재기계별 작업효율성을 비교하였을 경우, 집재거리가 40 m 이내로 짧을 경우에는 트랙터윈치에 의한 집재작업이 효율적이며, 40~140 m의 집재거리에서는 춘천집재기가, 140 m 이상의 장거리 집재작업에서는 타워야더가 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to provide field-based harvesting study information which can be used to select an optimal cable system for certain work conditions on steep grounds (>20° ground slope) in Korea. Toaccomplish this study objectives, we evaluated three cable yarding systems (RME-300T tower-yarder, Chuncheontower-yarder, FARMI tractor winch) working in typical work conditions for their yarding productivity and operational efficiency. Those yarders are commonly used for removing logs or trees on steep grounds in Korea. Under the same work conditions (average DBH of tree to be cut, 20 cm; yarding distance, 60 m; lateral yardingdistance, 10 m; and machine utilization rate, 70%), the average productivities were 33.04 m3/day, 38.47 m3/day, and 14.17 m3/day for RME-300T, Chuncheon tower-yarder, and FARMI, respectively. Our standardized cost comparison study also showed that the yarding cost was highest at 37,835 won/m3 with FARMI, followed byRME-300T at 25,105 won/m3 for the same work conditions. We found the lowest yarding cost with the Chuncheon tower-yarder at 20,520 won/m3 which was resulted primarily from high yarding productivity at theyarding distance (60 m). Our analysis suggested that a small machine such as FARMI could be a low-costyarding machine option for a cable yarding job with a short yarding distance (40 m or less). The Chuncheontower-yarder is well suited for a mid-range yarding distance job in Korea, ranged between 40 to 140 m. Ifyarding distance were longer than 140 m, the RME-300T tower yarder appears to be most cost-effective.
Kim, Do-Han,Lee, Young-Sup The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1997 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.1 No.1
DOantrolene is a primary specific therapeutic drug for prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia symptoms. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the drug are not well understood. The present study aimed at the characterization of the effects of azumolene, a water soluble dantrolene analogue, on ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from normal and malign::lnt hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) swine muscles. Characteristics of $[^3H]ryanodine$ binding were clearly different between the two types of SR. Kinetic analysis of eH]ryanodine binding to SR in the presence of $2{\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$ showed that association constant $(K_{ryanodine}_7$ is significantly higher in MHS than normal muscle SR $(2.83 vs. 1.32{\times}10^7 M^{-1}$, whereas the maximal ryanodine binding capacity $(B_{max})$ is similar between the two types of SR. Addition of azumolene $(e.g. 400{\mu}M)$ did not significantly alter both $K_{ryanodine}$ and $B_{max}$ of $[^3H]$ryanodine binding in both types of SR, indicating that the azumolene effect was not on the ryanodine binding sites. Addition of caffeine activated $[^3H]$ ryanodine binding in both types of SR, and caffeine sensitivity was significantly higher in MHS muscle SR than normal muscle SR $(K_{caffeine}:3.24 vs. 0.82 {\times} 10^2 M^{-l}). Addition of azumolene $(e.g.400{\mu}M)$ decreased Kcaffeine without significant change in $B_{max}$ in both types of SR suggesting that azumolene competes with caffeine binding site(s). These results suggest that malignant hyperthermia symptoms are caused at least in part by greater sensitivity of the MHS muscle SR to the $Ca^{2+}$ release drug(s), and that azumolene can reverse the symptoms by reducing the drug affinity to $Ca^{2+}$ release channels.