SARS-CoV-2 infection engenders heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein interactions to impede translation elongation in the lungs

Kim Junsoo,Youn Daehwa,Choi Seunghoon,Lee Youn Woo,Sumberzul Dulguun,Yoon Jeongeun,Lee Hanju,Bae Jong Woo,Noh Hyuna,On Dain,Hong Seung-Min,An Se-Hee,Jang Hui Jeong,Kim Seo Yeon,Kim Young Been,Hwang Ji 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Translational regulation in tissue environments during in vivo viral pathogenesis has rarely been studied due to the lack of translatomes from virus-infected tissues, although a series of translatome studies using in vitro cultured cells with viral infection have been reported. In this study, we exploited tissue-optimized ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and severe-COVID-19 model mice to establish the first temporal translation profiles of virus and host genes in the lungs during SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Our datasets revealed not only previously unknown targets of translation regulation in infected tissues but also hitherto unreported molecular signatures that contribute to tissue pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we observed gradual increases in pseudoribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) interactions that partially overlapped the trails of ribosomes, being likely involved in impeding translation elongation. Contemporaneously developed ribosome heterogeneity with predominantly dysregulated 5 S rRNP association supported the malfunction of elongating ribosomes. Analyses of canonical Ribo-seq reads (ribosome footprints) highlighted two obstructive characteristics to host gene expression: ribosome stalling on codons within transmembrane domain-coding regions and compromised translation of immunity- and metabolism-related genes with upregulated transcription. Our findings collectively demonstrate that the abrogation of translation integrity may be one of the most critical factors contributing to pathogenesis after SARS-CoV-2 infection of tissues.

건강보험의 질병 간 비용부담의 형평성 제고 방안

김대환 ( Daehwa Kim ) 보험연구원 2015 보험금융연구 Vol.26 No.2

국민건강보험의 낮은 보장성을 보완하는 동시에 중증질환으로 인한 의료비 부담을 완화하기 위해 정부는 산정특례제도를 도입하여 암, 뇌혈관질환, 심장질환, 그리고 희귀난치성질환인 특정 4대 중증질환에 대해 소득에 관계없이 의료비 보장을 강화해 왔다. 앞으로도 천문학적인 재원을 활용해 4대 중증질환자의 경제적 부담을 지속적으로 경감시킬 계획이다. 하지만 소득이 낮은 계층이 다른 중증질환으로 인해 감당하기 어려운 의료비 부담이 발생할 때 4대 중증질환이 아니라는 이유로 국민건강보험의 혜택을 받지 못하고 민영건강보험에도 가입하기 어려운 공사건강보험의 사각지대에 방치될 수 있는 형평성 문제가 야기될 수 있다. 한국의료패널자료를 활용해 질병 간 비용부담의 형평성 문제를 분석한 본 연구의 결과 4대 중증질환이 아닌 다른 중증질환에 걸릴 경우 의료비가 151.2%나 증가해 4대 중증질환자 못지않은 경제적 부담을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 산정특례제도를 본인부담상한제로 통합하고, 급여의료에만 적용되는 본인부담상한제의 단점을 극복하기 위해 비급여의료에 포함된 필수적인 의료들을 점차 정부의 관리체계에 포함시키는 접근이 필요하다. The government has provided a special benefit for four main critical illnesses such as cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiac disorder, and incurable critical diseases with an astronomical amount of money. The benefit will even be reinforced regardless patients’ income level. Therefore, numerous patients who suffer from various critical diseases other than the four diseases are left in the blind spot from the benefit even if they are impoverished. Using the Korea Health Panel data, this study investigates the fairness of the benefits from the public health insurance among patients with various critical illnesses. The empirical results release that numerous patients who suffer from critical diseases other than the four diseases face a 151.2% rise in medical costs which is even higher economic burden than those who suffer from cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, and incurable critical diseases. Therefore, the benefit program by the government is needed to be abolished and unified into another existing benefit program which covers all medical costs over the certain amounts of medical costs diversified by income levels. Moreover, countless non-payment medical treatments should be included into the government’s medical control system.

Fabrication of Two-dimensional MoS2 Films-based Field Effect Transistor for High Mobility Electronic Device Application

DaeHwa Joung,Hyeji Park,Jihun Mun,Jonghoo Park,Sang-Woo Kang,TaeWan Kim 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2017 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.26 No.5

The two-dimensional layered MoS2 has high mobility and excellent optical properties, and there has been much research on the methods for using this for next generation electronics. MoS2 is similar to graphene in that there is comparatively weak bonding through Van der Waals covalent bonding in the substrate-MoS2 and MoS2-MoS2 heteromaterial as well in the layer-by-layer structure. So, on the monatomic level, MoS2 can easily be exfoliated physically or chemically. During the MoS2 field-effect transistor fabrication process of photolithography, when using water, the water infiltrates into the substrate-MoS2 gap, and leads to the problem of a rapid decline in the material’s yield. To solve this problem, an epoxy-based, as opposed to a water-based photoresist, was used in the photolithography process. In this research, a hydrophobic MoS2 field effect transistor (FET) was fabricated on a hydrophilic SiO2 substrate via chemical vapor deposition CVD. To solve the problem of MoS2 exfoliation that occurs in water-based photolithography, a PPMA sacrificial layer and SU-8 2002 were used, and a MoS2 film FET was successfully created. To minimize Ohmic contact resistance, rapid thermal annealing was used, and then electronic properties were measured.

Electrical metal contacts to atomically thin 2H-phase MoTe₂ grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition

Kim, TaeWan,Joung, DaeHwa,Park, Jonghoo ELSEVIER 2018 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.18 No.7

<P>We grow atomically thin molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) films on a SiO2/Si substrate by means of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Our Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal the formation of 2H-phase MoTe2 films. Further, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies indicate a three-atomic-layer structure and the surface element composition of MoTe2 films. In this study, we mainly focus on the influence of metal contacts attached to the films on their electrical performance. We fabricate 2H-phase-MoTe2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with various metal contacts such as titanium/gold, nickel and palladium, which present p-type semiconductor properties. We also examine the influence of the work functions of the contact metals on the electrical properties of three-atomic-layer-MoTe2-based FET devices. For a p-type MoTe2 semiconductor, higher work functions of the contact metals afford narrower Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) and eventually highly efficient carrier injection through the contacts.</P>

Fabrication of Two-dimensional MoS2 Films-based Field Effect Transistor for High Mobility Electronic Device Application

Joung, DaeHwa,Park, Hyeji,Mun, Jihun,Park, Jonghoo,Kang, Sang-Woo,Kim, TaeWan The Korean Vacuum Society 2017 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.26 No.5

The two-dimensional layered $MoS_2$ has high mobility and excellent optical properties, and there has been much research on the methods for using this for next generation electronics. $MoS_2$ is similar to graphene in that there is comparatively weak bonding through Van der Waals covalent bonding in the substrate-$MoS_2$ and $MoS_2-MoS_2$ heteromaterial as well in the layer-by-layer structure. So, on the monatomic level, $MoS_2$ can easily be exfoliated physically or chemically. During the $MoS_2$ field-effect transistor fabrication process of photolithography, when using water, the water infiltrates into the substrate-$MoS_2$ gap, and leads to the problem of a rapid decline in the material's yield. To solve this problem, an epoxy-based, as opposed to a water-based photoresist, was used in the photolithography process. In this research, a hydrophobic $MoS_2$ field effect transistor (FET) was fabricated on a hydrophilic $SiO_2$ substrate via chemical vapor deposition CVD. To solve the problem of $MoS_2$ exfoliation that occurs in water-based photolithography, a PPMA sacrificial layer and SU-8 2002 were used, and a $MoS_2$ film FET was successfully created. To minimize Ohmic contact resistance, rapid thermal annealing was used, and then electronic properties were measured.

스마트 컨트랙트 호환 프로그래밍 언어 동향 조사

이대화(Daehwa Rayer Lee),지우중(Woojoong Ji),김형식(Hyoungshick Kim) 한국정보과학회 2018 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.12

블록체인 연구 동향 분석: 합의 알고리즘을 중심으로

이대화(Daehwa Rayer Lee),김형식(Hyoungshick Kim) 한국정보보호학회 2018 情報保護學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

블록체인의 특징인 신뢰성, 보안성, 투명성, 탈중앙성을 지지하는 합의 알고리즘을 환경과 목표에 따라 적절하게 선택하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 합의 알고리즘에 대한 연구 동향을 파악하기 위해 블록체인을 참여 대상에 따라 퍼블릭 블록체인과 프라이빗 블록체인으로 나누어 설명하였고 체인 유지 방식에 따라 경쟁 방식 합의 알고리즘과 비경쟁방식 합의 알고리즘으로 나누어 설명하였으며, 이를 위해 다섯가지 합의 알고리즘의 원리와 장단점 등을 분석하였다. 그리고 분석 결과를 바탕으로 참여 대상과 체인 유지 방식간의 관계와 신뢰모델과 중앙화, 속도, 보안성간의 관계를 도출해내었다. 향후에는 현재의 여러 합의 알고리즘 원리와 장단점을 발전 및 보완하여 환경과 목적에 따라 속도가 빠르고 보안적으로 안전하며 일관된 블록체인을 유지하는 합의 알고리즘을 개발할 수 있을 것이다.

A Proptech O2O(Online to Offline) Platform for Court Auction Agent

Eru Choi,Jaekyung Nam,Jeongsu Im,Daehwa Kim,Min Choi 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2023 No.12

크립토재킹 연구 동향

최원석(Won Seok Choi),김형식(Hyoungshick Kim),이대화(Daehwa Rayer Lee) 한국정보보호학회 2018 情報保護學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

암호 화폐가 다양해지면서 암호 화폐를 채굴하는 방법 또한 다양한 방향으로 생겨났다. CyptoNote라는 프로토콜을 이용한 암호 화폐 중 하나인 모네로를 채굴할 때 메모리를 중점적으로 사용하도록 되어 있다. Coinhive는 광고 없이 수익을 내기위한 방법으로 웹브라우저를 이용한 모네로를 채굴하는 API를 만들었다. 하지만 본래의 목적과 다르게 API를 악의적으로 사용하여 웹브라우저 방문자의 동의 없이 채굴하는 공격인 크립토재킹이 증가하게 되었다. 이러한 공격을 막기 위해 브라우저 확장 어플리케이션이 등장하였으나, 공격자는 이를 우회하기 위해 자바스크립트 난독화를 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 크립토재킹에 대한 연구동향을 분석하고자 한다.

1.2kW 급 BLDC 모터의 진동 측정 시스템 개발

예정우(Jungwoo Ye),이현석(Hyunseok Lee),최명환(Myounghwan choe),김대화(Daehwa Kim),조연수(Yeonsu cho),손문규(Mungyu Son),심재술(Jaesool Shim) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2