Framework for End-to-End Optimal Traffic Control Law Based on Overlay Mesh

Liu, Chunyu,Xu, Ke The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.4

Along with the development of network, more and more functions and services are required by users, while traditional network fails to support all of them. Although overlay is a good solution to some demands, using them in an efficient, scalable way is still a problem. This paper puts forward a framework on how to construct an efficient, scalable overlay mesh in real network. Main differences between other overlays and ours are that our overlay mesh processes some nice features including class-of-service(CoS) and traffic engineering(TE). It embeds the end-to-end optimal traffic control law which can distribute traffic in an optimal way. Then, an example is given for better understanding the framework. Particularly, besides good scalability, and failure recovery, it possesses other characteristics such as routing simplicity, self-organization, etc. In such an overlay mesh, an applicable source routing scheme called hierarchical source routing is used to transmit data packet based on UDP protocol. Finally, a guideline derived from a number of simulations is proposed on how to set various parameters in this overlay mesh, which makes the overlay more efficient.

Heliocoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF52 is a ChaB homologous gene involved in per os infection

Chunyu Zhu,Fangliang Zheng,Sugai Yin,Hongsheng Liu,Yan Liu,Maosheng Zhang,Shuqin Xiong 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.6

The baculovirus ChaB proteins are conservedin all completely sequenced Lepidopteran NPVs and areannotated as putative DNA binding proteins. In our previousstudy, ORF51, a ChaB homologue from Helicoverpaarmigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus(HearNPV) was found to be involved in budded virusproduction and DNA replication. In the present study, wecharacterized ORF52 (Ha52), the other ChaB homologousgene in HearNPV. 50-RACE revealed that Ha52 was transcribedfrom a conventional late promoter transcriptionalinitiator motif (TAAG) located 25 nucleotides upstream ofATG. Expression analysis demonstrated that HA52 proteinwas expressed from 48 to 96 h post infection. Western blotanalysis of virions from both budded viruses (BVs) andocclusion-derived viruses (ODVs) indicated that HA52 wasa structural component of nucleocapsid from ODV. Tostudy the function of Ha52 in the life cycle of HearNPV,Ha52-knockout and Ha52-restored viruses were generatedby the Bac-to-Bac system. Growth curve analyses showedthat the level of BV production in cells infected with Ha52null virus was similar to those infected with wild-typebacmid derived virus. However, bioassay showed thatdeletion of Ha52 significantly decreased the per os infectivityof HearNPV. Taken together, our results indicatedthat, unlike the previously characterized baculovirual ChaBgenes, Ha52 may be involved in HearNPV per os infection.

Caspase-3 inhibitor inhibits enterovirus D68 production

Wenbo Huo,Jinghua Yu,Chunyu Liu,Ting Wu,Yue Wang,Xiangling Meng,Fengmei Song,Shuxia Zhang,Ying Su,Yumeng Liu,Jinming Liu,Xiaoyan Yu,Shucheng Hua 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.9

Enterovirus D68 (EVD68) is an emerging pathogen that recently caused a large worldwide outbreak of severe respiratory disease in children. However, the relationship between EVD68 and host cells remains unclear. Caspases are involved in cell death, immune response, and even viral production. We found that caspase-3 was activated during EVD68 replication to induce apoptosis. Caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVDFMK) inhibited viral production, protected host cells from the cytopathic effects of EVD68 infection, and prevented EVD68 from regulating the host cell cycle at G0/G1. Meanwhile, caspase-3 activator (PAC-1) increased EVD68 production. EVD68 infection therefore activates caspase-3 for virus production. This knowledge provides a potential direction for the prevention and treatment of disease related to EVD68.

Synergistic Effect of PVA Fiber and PTB Emulsion on Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites for Damage Repair in Operating Tunnels

Chunyu Zhang,Mengjun Chen,Rentai Liu,Xiuhao Li,Jia Yan,Zhijing Zhu,Fengshuai Fan 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.12

Operating tunnels are often located in complex geological conditions and are prone to various types of damage. Even after structural repair, the repaired material may be vulnerable to secondary damage. It is difficult to effectively repair operating tunnel damage. Hence, developing high-performance repair materials for tunnel structures is critical. This study aimed to develop repair materials by studying the synergistic effects of fiber and polymers. The effectof polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and PTB (COMPAKTUNA.PRO) emulsion on the compressive strength (40 × 40 × 40 mm, GB/T 17671-2020), flexural strength (40 × 40 × 160 mm, GB/T 17671-2020), uniaxial tensile properties (330 × 60 × 13 mm, JC/T 2461-2018), bond strength (40 × 40 × 160 mm, JC/T 2537-2019), rapid chloride migration coefficient (ϕ100 × 50 mm, GB/T 50082-2009), porosity (40 × 40 × 40 mm, SY/T 6490-2014), and scanning electron microscopy (less than 1 cm3, GB/T 27788-2020) was analysed. The test was completed in the laboratory of our school, and the average value of three specimens per mix ratio was taken. The results indicate that both PVA fiber and PTB emulsion addition reduce the compressive strength but significantly increase the flexural strength, tensile strength, and ultimate tensile strain of cementitious composite. The compressive-to-flexural strength ratio decreases, and the uniaxial compression toughness index increases. The cementitious composites exhibit good integrity after damage. The influence of the PVA fiber is more potent than that of the PTB emulsion. The PTB emulsion increases the impermeability and bonding strength of the cementitious composite and can improve the disadvantages caused by adding the PVA fibers. The bridging effect of the PVA fiber and the membrane-forming effect of the PTB emulsion together influence the performance and cause a synergistic effect to achieve superposition and complementation of advantages. The optimal content of the PVA fiber and PTB emulsion under the synergistic effect can be obtained. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design and practical application of restoration materials.

Auto-Covariance Analysis for Depth Map Coding

( Lei Liu ),( Yao Zhao ),( Chunyu Lin ),( Huihui Bai ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.9

Efficient depth map coding is very crucial to the multi-view plus depth (MVD) format of 3-D video representation, as the quality of the synthesized virtual views highly depends on the accuracy of the depth map. Depth map contains smooth area within an object but distinct boundary, and these boundary areas affect the visual quality of synthesized views significantly. In this paper, we characterize the depth map by an auto-covariance analysis to show the locally anisotropic features of depth map. According to the characterization analysis, we propose an efficient depth map coding scheme, in which the directional discrete cosine transforms (DDCT) is adopted to substitute the conventional 2-D DCT to preserve the boundary information and thereby increase the quality of synthesized view. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance than that of conventional DCT with respect to the bitrate savings and rendering quality.

Resolution-independent Up-sampling for Depth Map Using Fractal Transforms

( Meiqin Liu ),( Yao Zhao ),( Chunyu Lin ),( Huihui Bai ),( Chao Yao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.6

Due to the limitation of the bandwidth resource and capture resolution of depth cameras, low resolution depth maps should be up-sampled to high resolution so that they can correspond to their texture images. In this paper, a novel depth map up-sampling algorithm is proposed by exploiting the fractal internal self-referential feature. Fractal parameters which are extracted from a depth map, describe the internal self-referential feature of the depth map, do not introduce inherent scale and just retain the relational information of the depth map, i.e., fractal transforms provide a resolution-independent description for depth maps and could up-sample depth maps to an arbitrary high resolution. Then, an enhancement method is also proposed to further improve the performance of the up-sampled depth map. The experimental results demonstrate that better quality of synthesized views is achieved both on objective and subjective performance. Most important of all, arbitrary resolution depth maps can be obtained with the aid of the proposed scheme.

The PsychENCODE project

Akbarian, Schahram,Liu, Chunyu,Knowles, James A,Vaccarino, Flora M,Farnham, Peggy J,Crawford, Gregory E,Jaffe, Andrew E,Pinto, Dalila,Dracheva, Stella,Geschwind, Daniel H,Mill, Jonathan,Nairn, Angus C Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.12

Nitrogen removal and nitrogenous intermediate production of the heterotrophic membrane-aerated biofilm: A mathematical modeling investigation

Mei Li,Chunyu Du,Meichao Lan,Zhiye Sun,Rukang Liu,Baoan Li 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.3

A one-dimensional biofilm model was applied to illustrate the nitrogen conversion and removal within the heterogeneous biofilm attached on the gas-permeable membrane with different oxygen transfer coefficients: 7.5m/d, 1.5m/d and 0.3m/d. Integrating the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria-mediating hydroxylamine oxidization pathway during the autotrophic nitrification and the four-step denitrification pathway during the heterotrophic denitrification, the effects of the intra-membrane aeration pressure and the influent COD/N ratio were further quantitatively evaluated on the systematic performance of nitrogen conversion. Dynamic profiles of key nitrogenous intermediates were investigated to further analyze the treatment efficacy of the targeted biofilm system. It is inapplicable for membrane with oxygen transfer coefficient of 0.3m/d to sustain the biofilm due to the inferior treatment performance under higher influent organics and distinct nitrous oxide (N2O) production with elevated aeration pressures under lower influent organics. For the oxygen transfer coefficients of 7.5m/d and 1.5m/d, N2O production was detectable for the insufficient carbon source, indicating the significance of hydroxylamine oxidization. Short-cut nitrogen removal pathway could be feasible within the latter biofilm due to the nitrite accumulation, further reduced by supplementing the carbon source. Heterotrophic denitrification would contribute to the N2O production. Maintaining the biofilm thickness was conducive to short-cut nitrogen removal by regulating the substrate transfer and the biomass distribution along the biofilm. Besides the total nitrogen removal efficiency, the nitrite accumulation and N2O production were both decreased with the thickening biofilm. Inside the thinner biofilm, a short-cut pathway via nitrite might be the major pathway for nitrogen removal with distinguished N2O production, which could be mitigated through supplementing the carbon source.

An engineered PD-1-based and MMP-2/9-oriented fusion protein exerts potent antitumor effects against melanoma

( Mulan Wei ),( Xujie Liu ),( Chunyu Cao ),( Jianlin Yang ),( Yafeng Lv ),( Jiaojiao Huang ),( Yanlin Wang ),( Ye Qin ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2018 BMB Reports Vol.51 No.11

Recent studies showed that the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade is a dramatic therapy for melanoma by enhancing antitumor immune activity. Currently, major strategies for the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have mainly focused on the use of antibodies and compounds. Seeking an alternative approach, others employ endogenous proteins as blocking agents. The extracellular domain of PD-1 (ePD1) includes the binding site with PD-L1. Accordingly, we constructed a PD-1-based recombinantly tailored fusion protein (dFv-ePD1) that consists of bivalent variable fragments (dFv) of an MMP-2/9-targeted antibody and ePD1. The melanoma-binding intensity and antitumor activity were also investigated. We found the intense and selective binding capability of the protein dFv-ePD1 to human melanoma specimens was confirmed by a tissue microarray. In addition, dFv-ePD1 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of mouse melanoma B16-F1 cells, and displayed cytotoxicity to cancer cells in vitro. Notably, dFv-ePD1 significantly inhibited the growth of mouse melanoma B16-F1 tumor cells in mice and in vivo fluorescence imaging showed that dFv-ePD was gradually accumulated into the B16-F1 tumor. Also the B16-F1 tumor fluorescence intensity at the tumor site was stronger than that of dFv. This study indicates that the recombinant protein dFv-ePD1 has an intensive melanoma-binding capability and exerts potent therapeutic efficacy against melanoma. The novel format of the PD-L1-blocked agent may play an active role in antitumor immunotherapy. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(11): 572-577]

Study on the dynamic interaction of multiple clearance joints for flap actuation system with a modified contact force model

Qi Wan,Geng Liu,Chunyu Song,Yong Zhou,Shangjun Ma,Ruiting Tong 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.7

To analyze the effects of clearance joint number and dynamic interaction on responses of the flap actuation system, a dynamic analysis model is proposed based on a modified contact force model. The modified contact force model can take contact properties with small clearance, heavy load, large contact area and variable contact stiffness coefficient into consideration for the flap actuation system. Numerical results show that the actuation system presents violent fluctuation due to the dynamic interaction between multiple clearance joints, and the clearance joint closest to the input part suffers more serious contact effects. Furthermore, the combination motion modes between the multiple clearance joints are helpful to judge and analyze the motion state and dynamic behaviors of actuation systems. These simulation findings can provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization design, control strategy and engineering experiments of the actuation systems with multiple clearances.