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Geometric Sensitivity Index for the GNSS Using Inner Products of Line of Sight Vectors
Won, Dae Hee,Ahn, Jongsun,Sung, Sangkyung,Lee, Chulsoo,Bu, Sungchun,Jang, Jeagyu,Lee, Young Jae The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.3
Satellite selection and exclusion techniques have been applied to the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with the aim of achieving a balance between navigational performance and computational efficiency. Conventional approaches to satellite selection based on the best dilution of precision (DOP) are excessively computational and complicated. This paper proposes a new method that applies a geometric sensitivity index of individual GNSS satellites. The sensitivity index is derived using the inner product of the line of sight (LOS) vector of each satellite. First, the LOS vector is computed, which accounts for the geometry between the satellite and user positions. Second, the inner product of each pair of LOS vectors is calculated, which indicates the proximities of the satellites to one another. The proximity can be determined according to the sensitivity of each satellite. A post-processing test was conducted to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The proposed index and the results of a conventional approach that measures the dilution of precision (DOP) were compared. The test results demonstrate that the proposed index produces results that are within 96% of those of the conventional approach and reduces the computational burden. This index can be utilized to estimate the sensitivity of individual satellites, obtaining a navigation solution. Therefore, the proposed index applies to satellite selection and exclusion as well as to the sensitivity analyses of multiple GNSS applications.
Geometric Sensitivity Index for the GNSS Using Inner Products of Line of Sight Vectors
Dae Hee Won,Jongsun Ahn,Sangkyung Sung,Chulsoo Lee,Sungchun Bu,Jeagyu Jang,Young Jae Lee 한국항공우주학회 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.3
Satellite selection and exclusion techniques have been applied to the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with the aim of achieving a balance between navigational performance and computational efficiency. Conventional approaches to satellite selection based on the best dilution of precision (DOP) are excessively computational and complicated. This paper proposes a new method that applies a geometric sensitivity index of individual GNSS satellites. The sensitivity index is derived using the inner product of the line of sight (LOS) vector of each satellite. First, the LOS vector is computed, which accounts for the geometry between the satellite and user positions. Second, the inner product of each pair of LOS vectors is calculated, which indicates the proximities of the satellites to one another. The proximity can be determined according to the sensitivity of each satellite. A post-processing test was conducted to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The proposed index and the results of a conventional approach that measures the dilution of precision (DOP) were compared. The test results demonstrate that the proposed index produces results that are within 96% of those of the conventional approach and reduces the computational burden. This index can be utilized to estimate the sensitivity of individual satellites, obtaining a navigation solution. Therefore, the proposed index applies to satellite selection and exclusion as well as to the sensitivity analyses of multiple GNSS applications.
JiYeong Seo,CheolSoon Lee,ChulSoo Park,BongJo Kim,BoSeok Cha,SoJin Lee,InYoung Ahn 대한신경정신의학회 2004 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.1 No.2
Objective-The aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms affect the relationship between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the quality of life (QOL) in Korean soldiers. Methods-We evaluated past and present symptoms of adult ADHD (the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scale and the Wender Utah Rating Scale), depression (the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and QOL (the Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham ‘Quality of Life’ scale) in 131 soldiers during mental health screenings performed by a local mental health center. A structured equation model using AMOS 19.0 was used to evaluate the mediating effect of depression. Results-In our first model (without depressive symptoms), adult ADHD significantly affected QOL (standardized regression weight=-0.51, p<0.01). After depressive symptoms were added to this model, the direct effect of adult ADHD on QOL was not significant (standardized regression weight=0.10, p=0.43). Regarding the indirect effect, adult ADHD significantly affected depression (standardized regression weight=0.78, p<0.01), and depression also affected QOL (standardized regression weight=-0.79, p<0.01). Conclusion-Through structural equation modeling, the complete mediation model for the influence of depressive symptoms on ADHD and QOL was confirmed. These findings indicated that it might be important to consider comorbidities, such as depression, when adult ADHD is being evaluated.
Passive Bypass Using Anthron Tube in Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation
SungGyu Lee,Shin Hwang,KiHoon Kim,ChulSoo Ahn,KwangMin Park,YoungJoo Lee,DeokBog Moon,ChongWoo Chu,HyunSeong Yang,SungHoon Cho,KiBong Oh,TaeYong Ha,KiWon Song,YunSik Yu,PyungChul Min 대한외과학회 2002 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10