다차원 공간내에서 움직이는 등방성매질의 R L C

홍창희,문태정,하영철 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

From the point of vew of the constitutive relations, electromagnetic waves are studied, with attention given to the behavior inside media that are lenear and isotropic. In describing physical laws of nature, equation are form invariant with respect to uniformly moving observers are called Lorentz covariant. Written in tensor notation, both Maxwell equations and constitutive relations are manifestly covariant. The Lorentz covariant description of the constitutive relations is called bianisotropic. The transformation of field quantities and the constitutive relations from one frame to another is derived from Loretz transformation for 4-dimmension space. Isotropic media, when viewed from a moving frame, became bianisotropic. Problems involving one moving medium can usually be solved in the rest frame of teh medium, with results transformed back to the observers rame of reference. As the final result, we have, the conductivity variation rates are r, the permittivity variation rates are determined by (83), and the permeability variation rates are determined by(84).

Parametric study on the performance of solar air heater equipped with louvered fins

Subhash Chand,Prabha Chand 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.8

A theoretical model is developed in this study to investigate the performance of solar air collector equipped with louvered fins. Parameters, such as mass flow rate, fin spacing, louvered pitch ratio (w/Lp), and louvered angle, are considered. The governing equations are solved using a computer code that employs an iterative solution procedure, and the obtained results are compared with that using plain solar air heater. The thermal efficiency of the plain solar air heater is enhanced from 43.14 % to 76.79 % by employing louvered fins with fin spacing values of 5 and 1 cm at a constant mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. However, the pressure drop effect becomes dominant that decreases the effective efficiency by 9.4 % at a high mass flow rate of 0.083 kg/s.

Voltammetric Analysis on a Disposable Microfluidic Electrochemical Cell

Chand, Rohit,Han, Dawoon,Kim, Yong-Sang Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.4

A microfabricated electrochemical cell comprising PDMS-based microchannel and in-channel gold microelectrodes was fabricated as a sensitive and a miniature alternative to the conventional electroanalytical systems. A reproducible fabrication procedure enabled patterning of multiple microelectrodes integrated within a PDMS-based fluidic network. The active area of each electrode was $200{\mu}m{\times}200{\mu}m$ with a gap of $200{\mu}m$ between the electrodes which resulted in a higher signal to noise ratio. Also, the PDMS layer served the purpose of shielding the electrical interferences to the measurements. Analytes such as potassium ferrocyanide; amino acid: cysteine and nucleoside: guanosine were characterized using the fabricated cell. The microchip was comparable to bulk electrochemical systems and its applicability was also demonstrated with flow injection based rapid amperometric detection of DNA samples. The device so developed shall find use as a disposable electrochemical cell for rapid and sensitive analysis of electroactive species in various industrial and research applications.

The Theme of Self-Realization in Measure for Measure

Chand, Kee-won 연세대학교 영어영문학과 1982 영어영문학연구 Vol.6 No.-

Ⅰ. Measure for Measure is a play which has given rise to an extraordinary diversity of critical opinions and interpretations It can be read as being "dark, serious and ironical,"1) or it can be read as showing a restoration of order, ending on a note of mercy, reconciliation and love Coleridge comments on the play "The play is to me the most painful part of his genuine works The comic and tragic parts equally border on the hateful-the one being disgusting the other being hateful."2) But contemporary critics admit this play as a genuine work of Shakespeare Furthermore, many critics argue that in Measure for Measure Shakespeare has dealt with sin and its forgiveness in a spirit of exalted Chnstianity.3) Though the play raises many problems as a `problem play,' I would like to examine this play in terms of the theme of mercy and forgiveness When we consider the play along this line of thought, we find that some characters of the play attain self-realization in the course of the action Ⅱ. The whole action of the play stems from the Duke's decision to experiment with the properties of government. He subjects Angelo, Isabella, and the entire city of Vienna to a test, the purpose of which is to determine the best means of regulating man's sinful nature6) As many critics have pointed out, the role of the Duke is very ambiguous sometimes as Providence, sometimes as a type of the good ruler, in Act III he appears as one in disguise, and acts as instigator and director of the action. In this essay, I will consider the Duke as a judge of all test which reveals man's concealed nature and helps the characters to attain selfknowledge. Ⅲ. As I have argued so far, each case of self-realization is attained through inner acceptance of God's mercy and social involvement and through realization of the-commom bond of humanity. In the final scene of public trial, the Duke "like power divine"(V.i 367) sits upon the scat of judgement, and prepares to deal with the corruption which he has seen "boil and bubble" (V.i. 316) in Vienna. When Angelo's flaw is made public, Angelo is brought to his knees in repentance, and says "Immediate sentence, then, and sequence death/ Is all the grace I beg" (V.i 371-372) Seeing his trespasses in the light of day, Angelo cannot bring himself to asking for mercy or grace. He feels that he must die for his sin.

Blood biochemical profile of four fast-growing broiler strains under high ambient temperature

Chand, Naila,Naz, Shabana,Rehman, Ziaur,Khan, Rifat Ullah The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of optimum and high ambient temperatures on biochemical parameter of four broiler strains. Broiler chicks (n = 242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) on day 15 were divided into two groups: thermo-neutral zone (TN) group and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature ($25^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and RH $65{\pm}5%$) while chicks in HAT group were kept under HAT of summer. Chicks in each group were further divided into four subgroups, i.e., TN-Ross, TN-Hubbard, TN-Cobb, TN-Arber Acer and HAT-Ross, HAT-Hubbard, HAT-Cobb, HAT-Arber Acer. Each subgroup was further subdivided into four replicates having ten chicks per replicate. Blood was collected on day 21 and 42. Mean serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in HAT group, while total serum protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in TN group. In TN zone group, significantly (P<0.05) lower AST, ALT, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL and significantly (P<0.05) higher HDL and total protein were recorded for Cobb and Hubbard strains. In HAT zone group, significantly (P<0.05) lower AST, ALT, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL and significantly (P<0.05) higher HDL and total protein were recorded for Ross and Arber Acer strains. The findings of the present study suggested that Ross and Arber Acer strains were more tolerant to summer HAT of tropical areas than Cobb and Hubbard, while Cobb and Hubbard strains were more effective in TN environment.

Role of Berberis lycium in Reducing Serum Cholesterol in Broilers

Chand, N.,Durrani, F.R.,Qureshi, M.S.,Durrani, Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.4

This study was planned to investigate the role of Berberis lycium in reducing serum cholesterol in broilers. Six experimental rations designated as A, B, C, D, E and F having 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% Berberis lycium were fed to 240 broiler chicks, randomly distributed into 24 replicates, so as to have 4 replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Average serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were used as criteria of response. Average total serum cholesterol per chick was 129.33, 120.50, 116.50, 113.00, 101.67 and 114.00 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Total serum cholesterol showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). Mean serum triglyceride level per chick was 60.00, 58.17, 58.00, 55.33, 50.17 and 48.50 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Mean serum triglyceride showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in group F than other groups. Mean HDL per chick for the six experimental groups A, B, C, D, E and F was 52.08, 53.42, 60.42, 62.25, 62.92 and 54.50 mg/dl respectively. HDL showed increasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2%. The average serum LDL per chick was 65.25, 55.45, 44.48, 39.68, 28.72 and 49.80 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. LDL also showed decreasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). It was concluded that Berberis lycium added to feed at the rate of 2.0% can be used in broiler feed for reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and increasing HDL.

Detection of protein kinase using an aptamer on a microchip integrated electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensor

Chand, Rohit,Han, Dawoon,Neethirajan, Suresh,Kim, Yong-Sang Elsevier 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.248 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Herein, we developed a microchip electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor for the capacitive detection of protein kinase A (PKA). EIS sensing is customarily performed in a Teflon cell to define the sensing area. However, in this work, a rapid prototyping technique was followed to integrate polymeric microchip, a reference electrode, and the EIS sensor. The aptameric peptide was used for one-step and label-free detection of PKA enzyme. The thiolated PKA-specific aptamer was immobilized on the gold nanoparticles decorated EIS sensor surface. The detection of PKA in microchip was based on the change in surface charge of EIS sensor. We also analyzed the ability of microchip-EIS sensor to distinguish between buffers at different pH. An average sensitivity of 96mV/pH for a pH range of 5–9 was obtained. The quantitative detection of PKA was performed by analyzing the capacitance-voltage curve after the aptamer-PKA interaction. The EIS sensor showed a detection limit of 2U/mL with a relative linearity from 10U/mL to 80U/mL for the detection of PKA. This study proposes an integrated and point-of-care applicable biosensor for the rapid diagnosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The EIS sensor integrated with microchip and reference electrode was fabricated. </LI> <LI> The microchip-EIS was used for detection of protein kinase. </LI> <LI> The change in surface charge alters the V<SUB>G</SUB> of EIS sensor. </LI> <LI> PKA was efficiently detected on-chip using aptamer. </LI> <LI> The microchip-EIS was highly specific, selective and stable. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

CRYPTANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF A PROXY SIGNATURE WITH MESSAGE RECOVERY USING SELF-CERTIFIED PUBLIC KEY

Chande, Manoj Kumar,Lee, Cheng-Chi Korean Mathematical Society 2016 대한수학회보 Vol.53 No.4

Combining the concept of self-certified public key and message recovery, Li-Zhang-Zhu (LZZ) gives the proxy signature scheme with message recovery using self-certified public key. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) and one-way hash function (OWHF). Their scheme accomplishes the tasks of public key verification, proxy signature verification, and message recovery in a logically single step. In addition, their scheme satisfies all properties of strong proxy signature and does not use secure channel in the communication between the original signer and the proxy signer. In this paper, it is shown that in their signature scheme a malicious signer can cheat the system authority (SA), by obtaining a proxy signature key without the permission of the original signer. At the same time malicious original signer can also cheat the SA, he can also obtain a proxy signature key without the permission of the proxy signer. An improved signature scheme is being proposed, which involves the remedial measures to get rid of security flaws of the LZZ et al.'s. The security and performance analysis shows that the proposed signature scheme is maintaining higher level of security, with little bit of computational complexity.

Prospective role of insecticides of fungal origin: Review

Chand Narayan SRIVASTAVA,Prejwltta MAURYA,Preeti SHARMA,Lalit MOHAN 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.6

Advances in the application of microbial-based technology in insect pest management assist us to counter problems created by the application of chemical pesticides. These are mainly strong environmental effects, resistance development and high costs. Among the microbial pesticides, fungal pesticides are now preferred as they are target specific, ecofriendly, lacking in toxic residue and are economical. Being numerous with great diversification, entomopathogenic fungi therefore have great potential to control a large variety of insect pests. Fungi are applied directly in form of spores, mycelia or blastospores or by their metabolites (mycotoxins). Both approaches have very promising roles in insect pest management. However, there are three main obstacles in the development of fungal pesticides: (i) scant production of mycotoxins; (ii) carcinogenic mycotoxicosis in non-target organisms; and (iii) slow effectiveness. Therefore, to eliminate these problems, attention has recently been paid to a synergistic approach to combating insecticide resistance. Next to synergism, genetic manipulation is also used to enhance the pathogenicity and virulence of fungal insecticides. However, the key risk associated with the release of recombinant microorganisms into the environment is that the novel organism may have unforeseen undesirable characteristics. Therefore, the introduction of synergists in pest control could have great benefit both economically and ecologically. An ideal synergistic approach is the mixing of more than two accelerating components together, i.e. tripartite or multiple synergism to enhance effectiveness. Thus, synergistic approaches have a bright future and require further research and financial support.

Services of Algae to the Environment

CHAND, RAI, LAL,KUMAR, HAR DARSHAN,MOHN, FRIEDER HELMUT,SOEDER, CARL JOHANNAS 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2000 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2

Being autotrophic, algae occupy a strategic place in the biosphere. They produce oxygen both directly and indirectly through the chloroplasts of all green plants. The chloroplasts are believed to have originated from archaic prokaryotic algae through endosymbiosis with primitive eukaryotic cells. Phytoplankton and other algae regulate the global environment not only by releasing oxygen but also by fixing carbon dioxide. They affect water quality, help in the treatment of sewage, and produce biomass. They can be used to produce hydrogen which is a clean fuel, and biodiesel, and fix N_2 for use as a biofertilizer. Some other services of algae to the environment include restoration of metal damaged ecosystems, reducing the atmospheric CO_2 load and mitigating global warming, reclamation of saline-alkaline unfertile lands, and production of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) involved in the regulation of UV radiation, ozone concentration, and global warming. Algae can be valuable in understanding and resolving certain environmental issues.