1-부텐 저온 올리고머화 반응을 통한 장쇄 올레핀의 합성반응

김용태,( Joseph P. Chada ),( Zhuoran Xu ),( Yomaira J. Pagan-torres ),( Devon C. Rosenfeld ),( William L. Winniford ),( Eric Schmidt ),( George W. Huber ),전기원 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

현재 북미지역은 셰일가스의 수압파쇄법의 발달로 인하여 풍부한 천연가스자원을 확보하고 있다. 셰일가스는 C1-C4 범위의 알칸을 함유하고 있으며 이는 다양한 화학산업에 원료로 사용될 수 있다. 올레핀(C2-C4)은 즉시 이용가능하고, 가격경제적이며, 쉽게 화학물질로 전환가능하여 화학산업에서 주요 building block으로 쓰이고 있다. 장쇄 올레핀은 산촉매를 사용한 C2-C4범위의 올레핀의 올리고머화 공정을 통하여 합성될 수 있다. 장쇄 올레핀 (C6-C30)은 폴리에틸렌 (40%), 알코올 (17%), 폴리알파올레핀 (12%), 플라스틱 (7%), 오일 (6%) 등에 사용할 수있다. 본 연구에서는, 제올라이트 (H-ferrierite)를 사용하여 1-부텐 올리고머화 반응을 진행하였다. Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC-FID-MS)를 사용하여 200개 이상의 이성질체를 포함한 파라핀, 올레핀, 아로마틱, 나프텐, 나프탈린을 검출하였다. 표면에 카보양이온 화학적 성질을 갖는 촉매가 반응공정 변수에 따라서 선택적으로 작동할 수 있는지 (1) Mechanism, (2) Kinetic, (3) Stability 측면에서 살펴보았다.

Association Analyses with Carcass Traits in the Porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B Genes

Xu, D.Q.,Xiong, Y.Z.,Liu, M.,Lan, J.,Ling, X.F.,Deng, C.Y.,Jiang, S.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.11

By screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from the longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire and their Yorkshire female parents, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. In the present work we investigated two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, in a resource population derived from crossing Chinese Meishan and Large White pig. The selected pigs were genotyped by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with thorax-waist backfat thickness (p<0.05), buttock backfat thickness (p<0.05), average backfat thickness (p<0.05), loin eye height (p<0.05), loin eye area (p<0.05), carcass length to 1$^{st}$ spondyle (p<0.01) and carcass length to 1st rib (p<0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with loin eye width (p<0.05), loin eye area (p<0.05). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Expression Analysis of the Mx Gene and Its Genome Structure in Chickens

Yin, C.G.,Du, L.X.,Li, S.G.,Zhao, G.P.,Zhang, J.,Wei, C.H.,Xu, L.Y.,Liu, T.,Li, H.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.7

Among the known interferon-induced antiviral mechanisms, the Mx pathway is one of the most powerful pathways. The Mx protein has direct antiviral activity and inhibits a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the viral replication cycle. Cloning, characterization, and expression of Mx in vivo and in vitro have been conducted. The chicken Mx gene spans 21 kb and is made up of 14 exons and 13 introns, of which the promoter region was analyzed. The real-time PCR results showed that Mx expression was increased in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) after 12- and 24-h induction with polyI: C. Induction of Mx expression by poly I: C in vivo revealed tissue-specific patterns among the chicken tissues tested. A trace expression of Mx was detected in healthy chicken liver tissues from adult chickens without inducement; the expression levels in the liver, heart, and gizzard were higher than in the muscle and kidney. This is the first report to demonstrate the expression of a glutathione-S-transferase-tagged-Mx fusion protein of 75 KDa, as well as the biological activity tested by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.

Characterization of culturable yeast species associating with whole crop corn and total mixed ration silage

Huili Wang,Wei Hao,Tingting Ning,Mingli Zheng,C.C. Xu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: This study investigated the association of yeast species with improved aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silages with prolonged ensiling, and clarified the characteristics of yeast species and their role during aerobic deterioration. Methods: Whole crop corn (WCC) silages and TMR silages formulated with WCC were ensiled for 7, 14, 28, and 56 d and used for an aerobic stability test. Predominant yeast species were isolated from different periods and identified by sequencing analyses of the 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain. Characteristics (assimilation and tolerance) of the yeast species and their role during aerobic deterioration were investigated. Results: In addition to species of Candida glabrata and Pichia kudriavzevii (P. kudriavzevii) previously isolated in WCC and TMR, Pichia manshurica (P. manshurica), Candida ethanolica (C. ethanolica), and Zygosaccharomyces bailii (Z. bailii) isolated at great frequency during deterioration, were capable of assimilating lactic or acetic acid and tolerant to acetic acid and might function more in deteriorating TMR silages at early fermentation (7 d and 14 d). With ensiling prolonged to 28 d, silages became more (p<0.01) stable when exposed to air, coinciding with the inhibition of yeast to below the detection limit. Species of P. manshurica that were predominant in deteriorating WCC silages were not detectable in TMR silages. In addition, the predominant yeast species of Z. bailii in deteriorating TMR silages at later fermentation (28 d and 56 d) were not observed in both WCC and WCC silages. Conclusion: The inhibition of yeasts, particularly P. kudriavzevii, probably account for the improved aerobic stability of TMR silages at later fermentation. Fewer species seemed to be involved in aerobic deterioration of silages at later fermentation and Z. bailii was most likely to initiate the aerobic deterioration of TMR silages at later fermentation. The use of WCC in TMR might not influence the predominant yeast species during aerobic deterioration of TMR silages.

Antibacterial activities of the novel silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Cordyceps militaris extract

J.L. S anchez Llamazares,Chong-Chong Liu,C.F. S anchez-Vald es,Hui Xu,Hongyan Su,Xianhao Cheng 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.9

With the development of aquaculture, there is an urgent demand for an alternative antibacterial agent to reduce the drug resistance and environmental pollution caused by the abuse of antibiotics. Recently, as promising antimicrobial agents, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via organisms has received much attention. Cordyceps militaris, a valuable edible and medicinal fungus, is rich in a variety of biologically active substances. So, it is of interest to biosynthesis a new antimicrobial agent of AgNPs with the aid of C. militaris. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using the cell filtrate of C. militaris mycelium as reducing agents. The formation of AgNPs was first confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance illustrated in UVevisible spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction analysis further confirmed that the AgNPs were composed of highly crystalline Ag. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that most the AgNPs were in spherical shape with mean diameter about 15 nm. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited superior antibacterial activities against the all the aquatic as well as clinical pathogenic bacteria. Besides, the prepared AgNPs were proven to be highly stable, even after long-term storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that the C. militaris extract could facilitate the synthesis of AgNPs.

Aerobic Stability and Effects of Yeasts during Deterioration of Non-fermented and Fermented Total Mixed Ration with Different Moisture Levels

W. Hao,H.L. Wang,T.T. Ning,F.Y. Yang,C.C. Xu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6

The present experiment evaluated the influence of moisture level and anaerobic fermentation on aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR). The dynamic changes in chemical composition and microbial population that occur after air exposure were examined, and the species of yeast associated with the deterioration process were also identified in both non-fermented and fermented TMR to deepen the understanding of aerobic deterioration. The moisture levels of TMR in this experiment were adjusted to 400 g/kg (low moisture level, LML), 450 g/kg (medium moisture level, MML), and 500 g/kg (high moisture level, HML), and both non-fermented and 56-d-fermented TMR were subjected to air exposure to determine aerobic stability. Aerobic deterioration resulted in high losses of nutritional components and largely reduced dry matter digestibility. Non-fermented TMR deteriorated during 48 h of air exposure and the HML treatment was more aerobically unstable. On dry matter (DM) basis, yeast populations significantly increased from 107 to 1010 cfu/g during air exposure, and Candida ethanolica was the predominant species during deterioration in non-fermented TMR. Fermented TMR exhibited considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration. Spoilage was only observed in the HML treatment and its yeast population increased dramatically to 109 cfu/g DM when air exposure progressed to 30 d. Zygosaccharomyces bailii was the sole yeast species isolated when spoilage occurred. These results confirmed that non-fermented and fermented TMR with a HML are more prone to spoilage, and fermented TMR has considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration. Yeasts can trigger aerobic deterioration in both non-fermented and fermented TMR. C. ethanolica may be involved in the spoilage of non-fermented TMR and the vigorous growth of Z. bailii can initiate aerobic deterioration in fermented TMR.

Aerobic Stability and Effects of Yeasts during Deterioration of Non-fermented and Fermented Total Mixed Ration with Different Moisture Levels

Hao, W.,Wang, H.L.,Ning, T.T.,Yang, F.Y.,Xu, C.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6

The present experiment evaluated the influence of moisture level and anaerobic fermentation on aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR). The dynamic changes in chemical composition and microbial population that occur after air exposure were examined, and the species of yeast associated with the deterioration process were also identified in both non-fermented and fermented TMR to deepen the understanding of aerobic deterioration. The moisture levels of TMR in this experiment were adjusted to 400 g/kg (low moisture level, LML), 450 g/kg (medium moisture level, MML), and 500 g/kg (high moisture level, HML), and both non-fermented and 56-d-fermented TMR were subjected to air exposure to determine aerobic stability. Aerobic deterioration resulted in high losses of nutritional components and largely reduced dry matter digestibility. Non-fermented TMR deteriorated during 48 h of air exposure and the HML treatment was more aerobically unstable. On dry matter (DM) basis, yeast populations significantly increased from $10^7$ to $10^{10}cfu/g$ during air exposure, and Candida ethanolica was the predominant species during deterioration in non-fermented TMR. Fermented TMR exhibited considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration. Spoilage was only observed in the HML treatment and its yeast population increased dramatically to $10^9cfu/g$ DM when air exposure progressed to 30 d. Zygosaccharomyces bailii was the sole yeast species isolated when spoilage occurred. These results confirmed that non-fermented and fermented TMR with a HML are more prone to spoilage, and fermented TMR has considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration. Yeasts can trigger aerobic deterioration in both non-fermented and fermented TMR. C. ethanolica may be involved in the spoilage of non-fermented TMR and the vigorous growth of Z. bailii can initiate aerobic deterioration in fermented TMR.

Five-year clinical outcomes in patients with significant coronary artery spasm: A propensity score-matched analysis

Choi, B.G.,Park, S.H.,Rha, S.W.,Park, J.Y.,Choi, S.Y.,Park, Y.,Xu, S.,Ngow, H.A.,Ali, J.,Li, H.,Kim, J.B.,Lee, S.,Na, J.O.,Choi, C.U.,Lim, H.E.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, E.J.,Park, C.G.,Seo, H.S.,Oh, D.J. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.184 No.-

Background: Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is known to be a risk factor of acute coronary syndrome and angina pectoris. However, there is no currently available data with larger study population regarding long-term clinical outcomes of CAS in real world clinical practice. Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of CAS and the impact of CAS on 5-year clinical outcomes in a series of Asian CAS patients documented by intracoronary acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test. Methods: A total of 1413 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent Ach provocation test between Nov. 2004 and Oct. 2008 were enrolled. Significant CAS was defined as >70% of narrowing by incremental intracoronary injection of 20, 50 and 100μg. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of significant CAS (the non-CAS group: n=640, the CAS group; n=773). To adjust potential confounders, a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. Results: A total of 54.7% (773/1413) patients were diagnosed as CAS documented by Ach provocation test. After PSM analysis, 2 propensity-matched groups (451 pairs, n=902, C-statistic=0.677) were generated. Despite of similar incidence of individual hard endpoints including mortality, myocardial infarction and revascularization, the CAS group showed the higher trend of recurrent angina requiring follow up angiography than the non-CAS group up to 5years (HR; 1.56, 95% C.I.; 0.99-2.46, p=0.054). Conclusions: The prevalence of CAS was 54.7%. Although the cumulative incidence of recurrent angina requiring follow up coronary angiography seems to be increased up to 5years in CAS patients, CAS patients was not associated with major individual and composite clinical outcomes such as mortality, MI, PCI, CVA with optimal medical therapy as compared with patients without CAS.

Bamboo- and pig-derived biochars reduce leaching losses of dibutyl phthalate, cadmium, and lead from co-contaminated soils

Qin, Peng,Wang, Hailong,Yang, Xing,He, Lizhi,Mü,ller, Karin,Shaheen, Sabry M.,Xu, Song,Rinklebe, Jö,rg,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Ok, Yong Sik,Bolan, Nanthi,Song, Zhaoliang,Che, Lei,Xu, Xiaoya Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.198 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biochar effect on the potential mobility of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in co-contaminated soils is not well investigated. A laboratory leaching study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochars derived from bamboo (BB) and pig (PB) on the leachability of DBP, Cd, and Pb through soil columns packed with two soils with low or high organic carbon content (LOC; 0.35% C: HOC; 2.24% C) and spiked with DBP, Cd, and Pb. Application of PB to the LOC soil significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) reduced the leaching loss by up to 88% for DBP, 38% for Cd, and 71% for Pb, whereas its impact was insignificant in the HOC soil. The higher efficacy of PB in reducing the leaching of DBP, Cd, and Pb in the LOC soil than that of BB might be related to PB's higher specific surface area, surface alkalinity, pH, and mineral contents compared to those of BB. Co-contamination of Cd and Pb enhanced leaching of DBP in the LOC soil treated with PB, possibly by competition for the sorption sites. Leaching of DBP, Cd, and Pb were significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) higher in the LOC soil than in the HOC soil. This study revealed that the effectiveness of biochars was dependent on the soil organic carbon content. Application of PB to the LOC soil was effective in reducing the leaching risk of DBP, Cd, and Pb.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pig biochar reduced leaching of DBP, Cd, and Pb in the low organic carbon (LOC) soil. </LI> <LI> Contaminant leaching was higher in the LOC soil than in the high organic carbon soil. </LI> <LI> Existence of Cd and Pb enhanced mobility of DBP in the pig biochar-treated LOC soil. </LI> <LI> Alkalinity and phosphate in biochar controlled the leaching loss of Cd and Pb. </LI> <LI> Impact of pig biochar on leaching of DBP, Cd, and Pb is stronger than bamboo biochar. </LI> </UL> </P>

Impact of low dose atorvastatin on development of new-onset diabetes mellitus in Asian population: Three-year clinical outcomes

Park, J.Y.,Rha, S.W.,Choi, B.,Choi, J.W.,Ryu, S.K.,Kim, S.,Noh, Y.K.,Choi, S.Y.,Akkala, R.G.,Li, H.,Ali, J.,Xu, S.,Ngow, H.A.,Lee, J.J.,Lee, G.N.,Kim, J.,Lee, S.,Na, J.O.,Choi, C.U.,Lim, H.E.,Kim, J.W Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.184 No.-

Background: High dose atorvastatin is known to be associated with new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in patients with high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). However, low dose atorvastatin is more commonly used as compared with high dose atorvastatin. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of low dose atorvastatin (LDA, 10mg or 20mg) on the development of NODM up to three years in Asian patients. Methods: From January 2004 to September 2009, we investigated a total of 3566 patients who did not have DM. To adjust for potential confounders, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. After PSM (C-statistics: 0.851), a total of 818 patients (LDA group, n=409 patients and control group, n=409 patients) were enrolled for analysis. Results: Before PSM, the cumulative incidence of NODM (5.8% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), myocardial infarction (0.5% vs. 0.1%, p-value=0.007), and major adverse cardio-cerebral event (MACCE, 1.8% vs. 0.7%, p-value=0.012) at three-years were higher in the LAD group. However, after PSM, there was a trend toward higher incidence of NODM (5.9% vs. 3.2%, p=0.064) in the LDA group, but the incidence of MACCE (1.2% vs. 1.5%, p-value=1.000) was similar between the two groups. In multivariable analysis, the LDA administration was tended to be an independent predictor of NODM (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.00-3.98, p-value 0.050). Conclusions: In this study, the use of LDA tended to be a risk factor for NODM in Asian patients and reduced clinical events similar to the control group. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials will be needed to get the final conclusion.