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Kim, M.,Kim, J.,Lee, Y.J.,Ju, M.,Park, C.,Balaji, N.,Lee, S.,Kim, J.,Yi, J. North-Holland 2014 Materials letters Vol.116 No.-
The high sheet resistance (R<SUB>s</SUB>) solar cells with ITO full contact suffer from low open circuit voltage (V<SUB>oc</SUB>) with a negligible/no passivation effect. To overcome this, we approached ITO local line contact with SiO<SUB>2</SUB> passivation to reduce the recombination loss. Passivation area increases to 91.29%. The improvement in carrier lifetime, V<SUB>oc,</SUB> reveals the melioration in passivation. With high R<SUB>s</SUB> emitter, the ITO full contact solar cell results in efficiency of 16.26% whereas the ITO local line contact solar cell results in 17.15%.
Methodologies for numerical modelling of prestressed concrete box-girder for long term deflection
M.C. Lalanthi,P. Kamatchi,K. Balaji Rao,S. Saibabu 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2018 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.21 No.3
In this paper, two methods M1 and M2 to determine long-term deflection through finite element analyses including the effect of creep and relaxation are proposed and demonstrated for a PSC box-girder. In both the methods, the effect of creep is accounted by different models from international standards viz., ACI-209R-92, CEB MC 90-99, B3 and GL2000. In M1, prestress losses due to creep and relaxation and age adjusted effective modulus are estimated through different models and have been used in finite element (FE) analyses for individual time steps. In M2, effects of creep and relaxation are implemented through the features of FE program and the time dependent analyses are carried out in single step. Variations in time-dependent strains, prestress losses, stresses and deflections of the PSC box-girder bridge through M1 and M2 are studied. For the PSC girder camber obtained from both M1 and M2 are lesser than simple bending theory based calculations, this shows that the camber is overestimated by simple bending theory which may lead to non-conservative design. It is also observed that stresses obtained from FEM for bottom fibre are lesser than the stresses obtained from bending theory at transfer for the PSC girder which may lead to non-conservative estimates.
Scalable extension of HEVC with adaptive de-blocking filter for bandwidth-limited applications
L. Balaji,A. Dhanalakshmi,C. Raja 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.3
A primary latest video coding standard H.265/SHVC (Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding), an extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is dealt in this paper. To transfer high quality video over any network that usually occupies large bandwidth, suffers bandwidth limitation. It can be controlled by trading-off between the quality and the coding efficiency. The trade-off between these two parameters is considered in this paper to keep the difference at the minimum level. A novel Neural Network based Adaptive De-blocking Filter (NNADF) technique is proposed to maintain good PSNR with minimum bit rate in SHVC encoder. The adaptive de-blocking filter (ADF) performs block matching for nonlinear predictions to all frames in the video. Moreover, the ADF performs frame de-noising hence good quality of the video is achieved and trains a neural network (NN) model. The NN model restrains their outputs to achieve bit rate reduction, thereby coding efficiency is achieved. The simulation results show that the proposed NNADF technique delivers an average increment of 0.62 dB in BD-PSNR and an average decrement of 24 % in BD-BR for combined quality and spatial ratios respectively compared with the previously proposed algorithm.
A Beeline Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous WSN for IoT-Based Environmental Monitoring
Sahitya, G.,Balaji, N.,Naidu, C.D. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.10
A wireless sensor network (WSN), with its constrained sensor node energy supply, needs an energy-efficient routing technique that maximises overall system performance. When rumours are routed using a random-walk routing algorithm, which is not highly scalable, spiral pathways may appear. Because humans think a straight line is the quickest route between two sites and two straight lines in a plane are likely to intersect, straight-line routing (SLR) constructs a straight path without the aid of geographic information. This protocol was developed for WSNs. As a result, sensor nodes in WSNs use less energy when using SLR. Using comprehensive simulation data, we show that our upgraded SLR systems outperform rumour routing in terms of performance and energy conservation.
K. Ganesh Kumar,P. Balaji Bhargav,Nafis Ahmed,C. Balaji 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.6
In the present study, pure and Tin (Sn) doped ZnO (Sn–ZnO) nanostructures are grown using hydrothermal method. The effect of Sn doping on the physical properties of ZnO is extensively studied. Till 4 mol% of Sn doping, the dopant is completely dissolved in the host matrix and no secondary phases are formed as evident from XRD studies. The presence of the constituent elements of the host matrix (Zn,O) and dopant (Sn) is confi rmed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). From FESEM images, it is evident that the morphology of the grown structures changes from rods to flowers and flakes with doping. The microstructural analysis is carried out using HRTEM analysis. Various polar and non-polar optical modes present in the samples are analysed using Raman spectra. Two dominant emission bands around ~391 nm, ~470 nm are noticed from photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The potential of the Sn doped ZnO nanostructures in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B is investigated and found that 1 mol% Sn doped ZnO exhibits superior photo catalytic performance.