스피넬상 LiMn₂O₄를 이용한 CO₂분해에 대한 수치모사

林炳五,權兌桓 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In the batch system, the mathematical modelling was done on the CO₂ decomposition reaction using the LiMn₂O₄ catalyst of 100-120 mesh. The porosity of catalysts and the amount of adsorption were observed by the mathematical analysis. The chemical reaction was mainly reacted at the surface reaction of catalysts more than pore of catalysts. The variety of concentration and real values in the catalysts were predicted and amount of adsorption was calculated. By the mathematical analysis, the adsorption of surface was superior to that of inner face of pore. In case of the identical weight of catalysts, the rate of CO₂ decomposition was increasing by increasing CO₂ concentrations.

4-(2-Pyridylazo)-resorcinol에 의한 Gallium 및 Indium의 흡광 광도정량

林炳五,孫太源,柳館杓 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.2

Several condition for the spectrophotometric determination of gallium and indium with 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-resorcinol [PAR] have been studied. The color solution of gallium-PAR, indium-PAR shows a maximum absorption at 504nm, 510nm, and follow Beer's law over a range of a to 15㎍/25ml, 2 to 30㎍/25ml of gallium and indium The molar extinction coeffecient at 504nm, 510nm are estimated to be 102,000, 86, 400. The absorbancy of the solution is kept constant for 20hrs and is not affected by temperature between 13~35℃. Since iron(Ⅲ), cobalt, copper, bismuth, zinc. cadmium, aluminium interfere more or less, the seperation of gallium and indium from some of the above ions by means of ether extraction has been studied. the constitution of the complex examined by continuous variation method is that the molar ratio of gallium:PAR, indium-PAR are 1:2.

초등학교 자연과 교육과정안의 작성과 그 연구

임정환,김병업,김명환,김재경 대구교육대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This researching group of four members of us organized this test plan on the ground of following standpoints: 1. Science education should be designed for the general outline of natural science to be taught till the period of compulsory education is expired. 2. Natural science consists of two elements; one is the scientific method as a way of understanding nature and the other is the system of concept which is got as the result. 3. Science education should be designed, after increasing the belief in sciecne, for the effects of learning to be transformed into the sources of the judgements and behaviours. In this test plan, we definitely represented the above three standpoints as followings: 1. These system of concept of natural science can be condensed into several basic general concepts. These basic concepts become the essence of curriculum plan. Field of Non-living Matters Field of Living Thing 1. Matter 1. Feed 2. Force and Motion 2. Growth 3. Energy 3. Reproduction 4. Time and Space 4. Interaction to Environments 2. The general conepts are incessantly extended and deepened through the process while the scientific methods are applied. The scientific methods which are applied here are these: 1) Observation 2) Classification 3) Experiment 4) Modeling 3. The contents of the thextbook were chosen all over the fields of the natural science but the various contents should be taught wholly and connectively all over the nature. We settled the syllabus between the first grade and the sixth of elementary school on the ground of the above-mentioned basic standpoints and principles.(Refer attached table.) When this test plan is organized successfully, a desirable character who can flexibly adapt to the rapidly changing society and has extentive possibilities will be expected through science education.

마그네타이트의 合成과 二酸化炭素의 메탄化에 關한 硏究

林炳五,金玟錫 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

황산제1철(FeSO₄7H₂O)과 수산화나트륨(NaOH) 용액에 혼합 당량비(R=2NaOH/FeSO₄)에 따라 혼합한 후 air bubbling을 통해 마그네타이트(Magnetite, Fe₃O₄)의 합성 최적조건을 조사하였다. 생성된 물질을 XRD분석, SEM관찰에 의해 검토하였고, BET surface area 측정을 하였다. 당량비가 1이하일 때는(R<1) 지오타이트(goethite, α-FeOOH)가 합성되었고 당량비가 1이상일 때는(R<1) 마그네타이트(Fe₃O₄)가 직접 합성되었다. 합성한 마그네타이트(Fe₃O₄)와 이 Fe₃O₄ 합성시에 NiCl₂를 0.01vol(%) 첨가한 시료를 수소가스로 350℃에서 4시간 동안 100ml/min 로흘려 환원시켜 산소결함마그네타이트(Fe₃O?)를 만들었다. 이것을 이용하여 이산화탄소(CO₂)의 분해반응을 조사하였다. 이산화탄소는 산소결함마그네타이트(Fe₃O?)에 의해 45분내에 거의 100% 분해되었다. 반응후 산소결함마그네타이트(Fe3O?) 표면에 탄소가 석출되어 있었으며, 이것을 650℃에서 수소가스와 반응 시켜 메탄(CH₄)으로 되었음을 확인 하였다. The optimum conditions were studied for the formation of Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) by air bubbling. The suspensions obtained by mixing Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄ · 7H₂O) and S-odium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution in various values equivalent ratio(R=2NaOH/FeSO₄). The oxidation product were then examined X-ray diffraction. SEM, BET surface area determination. Equivalent ratio less 1 (R<1) formed Goethite (α-FeOOH) and equivalent ratio excess 1 (R<1) magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is formed directly. The oxygen-deficit magnetite (Fe₃O?), which is obtained by flowing H₂ gas (100ml/min) through the synthesis magnetite added NiCl₂ 0.01 vol(5) at 350℃ for 4hr. CO₂ decomposition for the oxygen-deficient magnetite nearly 100% (in 45min of the reaction time) at 350℃. These elemental carbon on the surface of the oxygen-deficient magnetite were found to be readily into CH₄ by the reaction with H₂gas at 650℃.

NiO-Magnetite가 이산화탄소의 메탄화에 미치는 영향

林炳五,金玟錫 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

황산제1철(FeSO₄ㆍ 7H₂O)과 수산화나트륨(NaOH) 수용액의 당량비를 1.00으로 혼합한 후 여기에 NiO수용액을 0.03, 0.05, 3.00mole%로 첨가하여 NiO-magnetite를 합성하다. 합성물질의 구조를 X-ray diffraction(XRD), SEM관찰에 의해 검토하였고 BET법을 이용한 Surface area를 관찰하였다. 각각의 mole%로 합성한 NiO-magnetite를 300℃, 350℃, 400℃, 450℃에서 수소(H₂)가스를 100ml/min 속도로 4시간 동안 공급하면서 환원시켜 산소결함 NiO-magmetite(NiO-Fe₃O₄-δ)를 제조하였다. 이 산소결함 NiO-magnetite를 이용하여 각각의 온도에서 이산탄소(CO₂)의 분해반응을 조사하였다. 이산화탄소는 10분내에 90%이상 분해되었다. 산소결함 NiO-magnetite의 표면에 탄소가 석출되었으며 이 탄소가 650℃에서 수소(H₂)가스와 반응하여 메탄(CH₄)으로 되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 NiO-magnetite를 이용한 이산화탄소 분해반의 반응차수와 각각의 온도에서 분해반응에 대한 반응속도상수를 구하였고 NiO-magnetite를 이용한 이산화탄소의 분해반응의 활성화에너지를 구했다. 본 실험에서 반응차수(n)는 0.9차이며 반응속도상수와 아레니우스법칙을 이용해 얻은 활성화는 51 ∼73kJ/mol임을 알았다. The solution of FeSO₄ㆍ 7H₂O and NaOH solution were prepared at the equivalent ratios 1.00. 0.03, 0.05, 0.30, 3.00mole% of NiO solution was added to the mixture. NiO-magnetite was synthesized by Air-bubbling. The character of the material synthesized thereby X-ray diffraction, SEM, TG-DTA. The surface area was measured by the BET method. The NiO-magnetite was supplied with hydrogen gas for 4 hours to be reduced to oxygen-deficit NiO-magnetite. By using the oxygen-deficit NiO-magnetite, the decomposition of CO₂ was observed 300℃, 350℃, 400℃, 450℃. More than 90% of CO₂ was decomposed in 10 minutes. Elementary carbone depoosited on the surface of NiO-magnetite. Then these carbones reacted with hydrogen gas to became methane at 650℃. The reaction order was found by using intergrated concentration changes with time. The activation energy for the decomposition of CO₂ was found by employing the Arrhenius law. Consequently, the reaction order turned out to be 0.9 and the activation energy was 51 to 73kJ/mol.

한스 마그누스 엔첸스베르거에게서 나타나는 역사적 아방가르드의 수용 : 1960∼70년대 문학작업을 중심으로

임병희 한국독어독문학회 2003 獨逸文學 Vol.88 No.-

In der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um die Aufnahme der Tradition der historischen Avantgarde in Enzensbergers literarischen Arbeiten in den 60er und 70er Jahren. Der Begriff der historischen Avantgarde kommt von Peter Bu¨rger her, der sie als eine von der Moderne getrennte Kunstbewegung bestimmt und historisiert. Seine Theorie der Avantgarde ist die bislang radikalste Infragestellung der Institution Kunst und ihres Scheiterns. Er definiert die historische Avantgardebewegung als die Selbstkritik der Kunst in der bu¨rgerlichen Gesellschaft und sieht die avantgardistische Intention in der Aufhebung der Kunst in der Lebenspraxis. Die Merkmale der Postmodrene entsprechen in etwa denen der historischen Avantgarde. Dementsprechend ist die sogenannte Neoavantgarde der fu¨nfziger und sechziger Jahre zeitlich und in ihrem Programm mit dem Beginn der Postmoderne zu identifizieren. In diesem Zusammenhang geht diese Arbeit davon aus, dass die Traditionen der historische Avantgarde die Voraussetzungen fu¨r die Auffassung der postmodernen Literatur darstellen, und dass die Grenzu¨berschreitung bzw. Entgrenzung als das Grundprinzip der historischen Avantgarde gilt. Diese Arbeit untersucht Enzensbergers Gedichte und sein poetologisches und kritisches Schaffen unter der Kategorie der Grenzu¨berschreitung: Bei Enzensberger wird die Grenzu¨berschreitung zwischen Kunst und Leben sowohl durch die Verfahren wie Montage und Pastiche als auch durch die Formen wie Alltagslyrik und Gebrauchslyrik durchgefu¨hrt. Und sie spiegelt sich in seiner neuen Geschichtssauffassung 'Geschichte als kollektive Fiktion' wider. Bei Enzensberger kann man seine These vom Tod der Literatur im Zusammenhang mit der achtundsechziger Bewegung als Signal des U¨bergangs von Moderne zur Postinoderne begreifen, dabei die Aufnahme der Tradition der historischen Avantgarde eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.

Barium Titanate의 濕式合成의 그 誘電特性에 關한 硏究

林炳五,金丞鎬 弘益大學校 1981 弘大論叢 Vol.13 No.-

The industrial synthesis of BaTiO₃, used widely in ferroelectric materials, has generally been manufactured by solid state reactions between TiO₂and BaCO₃. But it is very difficult to get an uniformity of component. Another difficulty is that this process needs very high temperature. In this synthesis BaTiO(C₂O₄)₂·4H₂O has been synthesized with BaCl₂, TiCl₄, and H₂C₂O₄through an aqueous synthesis and BaTiO₃, having the structure of perovskitetype, has been prepared by the calcining to 900℃. I have experimented with several conditions of synthesis so that the mole ratio of BaO to TiO₂in the component of BaTiO₃is one to one. While BaTiO₃ is synthesized, the solution of TiCl₄and BaCl₂is maintained in an ice bath to prevent the hydrolysis of TiCl₄·H₂C₂O₄added to the mixed solution. BaCl₂is added to 1% more than the theoretical quantity and H₂C₂O₄is added in excess of 10%. The properties of temp-dielectric constants have been studied in order to evaluate the dielectric properties of samples. The result is that the dielectric constant, at ordinary temperature, increases slowly from 1450, very quickly from around 120℃, and when curie-point is 125℃, the dielectric constant is 8100. Therefore BaTiO₃, by aqueous synthesis, can be used as the dielectric because the components are homogeneous. Ⅰ. 緖 論 Ⅱ. 實驗方法 1. 試 藥 2. 試料의 合成 3. 測 定 1) 化學分析 2) X-線 回折分析 3) 密度測定 4) 誘電率 測定 Ⅲ. 結果 및 考察 1. 試料의 合成과 確認 2. 最適 ????燒溫度 3. 溫度-誘電率 特性 Ⅳ. 結 論

MgO첨가 Mullite질 세라믹스의 소결성의 소성온도 및 시간 의존성

임병오 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

MgO-SiO₂-AI₂O₃계를 유리성분으로 하는 mullite-glass질 회로기판재료의 소결거동에 미치는 MgO첨가량의 영향과 소성온도 및 시간이 겉보기밀도와 미구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 소결거동은 3단계로 분류되며, 첫째 단계에서는 입자들이 재배열되며, 둘째 단계에서는 액상이 생성하여 치밀화되며, 셋째 단계에서는 과소성된다. 한편 MgO첨가량에 관계없이 1150℃에서는 소결이 진행되지 않으며, 1600℃에서는 모든 시료가 매우 빨리 과소성되었다. 1450℃에서는 MgO첨가량에 따라 소결속도가 증가하였다. 미세구조가 변하는 온도는 MgO첨가량에 따라 달라지지만 각 단계에서는 조성에 관계없이 같은 미세구조를 나타내었다. The sinterability of mullite-glass, MgO-SiO₂-AI₂O₃, added with varying amount of MgO was studied at different sintering temperature and time in air. The sinterability was studied on the basis bulk density and microstruture. The sinterability was devided into 3 stages. In the first stage, the particles were rearranged. In the second stage, the particles of the samples were dense due to the producing of glassy phase. In the third stage, all the samples were over-sintered rapidly. Sintering was not occured at all at 1150℃, and all the samples were over-sintered rapidly at 1600℃. At 1450℃ the sinterability was improved with the addition of MgO. Although the temperature which effects on the microstructure was changed according to the amount of MgO added, it was always the same microstructure in each stage regardless of the amount of MgO.

한스 마그누스 엔첸스베르거: 자율성과 사회성의 진테제 : 초기시론에 나타난 벤과 브레히트의 영향

임병희 한국브레히트학회 1999 브레히트와 현대연극 Vol.7 No.-

Das asthetische Prinzip der modernen Lyrik ist sprachlich-formale Innovation. Auf sie wird oft das Pradikat 'unverstandlich' angewandt. Aufgrund der Unverstandlichkeit verliert sie das normale literarische Publikum und charakterisiert sich als elitar. Die erste Phase der westdeutschen Nachkriegslyrik, zu der neben der Naturlyrik die hermetische Lyrik zu zahlen ist, nimmt diese Tradition der modernen Lyrik auf. Gottfreid Benn und seine Nachfolge, fur die der strenge Formwille und die Mataphysik kennzeichnend sind, spielen die Hauptrolle auf der lyrischen Buhne. In der Mitte der funfziger Jahre begann eine Reihe von Dichtern, mit ihrer gesellschaftlich-politischen Lyrik die restauativen Tendenzen und das Schweigen ubber die unbewaltigte faschistische Vergangenheit in der Adenauer-Ara anzugreifen. diese Neuorientierung grundete in der Aufnahme des rezeptionsasthetischen Standpunkts von Bertolt Brecht, und Enzensberger als der anerkannte Nachfolger Brechts markiert mit seinen Gedichten einen Einschnitt in der westdeutschen Lyrikgeschichte und leitet diese Wende ein. Als Enzensberger 1957 sein Erstwerk unter dem damals provokativen Titel 'verteidigung der wolfe' erschien, dominierten noch hermetische Lyrik und Naturlyrik. Manche Kritiker sahen bei diesem jungen Dichter die Uberwindung der ersten Phase der westdeutschen Lyrik oder die Synthese von Benn und Brecht, von Artistik und Engagement. In der Tat ist es in den fruhen poetologischen Schriften Enzensbergers zu erkennen, daß er unter Poesie den Begriff Autonomie, zugleich aber Engagement, verstanden hat. Dies besagt, daß der junge Enzensberger die literarische Tendenzen der funfziger Jahre durchaus noch nicht uberwunden hat, was seine Montagelyrik beweist. Montagelyrik wird aus der Vorstellung der Machbarkeit abgeleitet, die auf dem Glauben an die Technologie beruht: Ein Gedicht wird aus Worten als literarischem Material montiert. Enzensbergers formales sprachliches Experiment ist sehr wohl im Zusammenhang mit der Tradition der modernen Lyrik zu sehen, aber die Formeln 'ein Spatgeborener der lyrischen Moderne' oder 'Rekapitulation der klassischen Moderne' gelten nur fur sein fruhes Schaffen. Bei Enzensberger mussen Gedichte nicht nur schon, sondern auch nutzlich sein. Enzensberger nimmt von Brecht die Konzeption des Gegenstande des Gedichtes auf. Er faßt seine Gedichte als Gebrauchsgegenstande auf und propagiert Gedichte als Kommunidationsmittel. Bei ihm sind Gedichte nicht von der alltaglichen Wirklichkeit zu trennen: Ein Gedicht kann wie ein Kleidungsstuck benutzt und verbraucht werden. Dies ist als Verstoß gegen das modere Autonomieprinzip zu verstehen. Außerdem setzt er den Mitteilungscharakter auf Lyrik und begreift das Gedicht als Produktionsmittel der Wahrheit. Gedichte als Gebrauchsgegenstand mit Mitteilungscharakter ermoglichen ihre politische Anwendung. Gerade deshalb laßt sich Enzensberger als politischer Dichter eitkettieren. Um hinzuzufugen: Enzensbergers vielseitiges und umfangreiches Shaffen von Mitte der funfziger Jahre bis heute laßt sich in vier Phasen einteilen. In diesem Aufsatz wird die erste Phase, in der Enzensberger sichmit den provokativen Gedichten und kulurkritischen Essys beschaftigte und als zorniger junger Mann oder Nachfolger von Brecht bezeichnet wird, untersucht. Sie ist als der Zeitraum der linken Melancholie und des subjektiven schmerzes der Negation interpretiert worden.

Ilmentite로부터 TiO₂의 抽出에 關한 硏究

林炳五,李桓圭 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.2

The sample used in the extraction of titanium dioxide was ilmenite. This ilmenite was mined from So-Yeonpeong-Do. The ilmenite was mixed with potassium tetraborate which was used as a solvent, and heated to a high temperature for the fused reaction. It was cooled down to room temperature. Then, potassium borates were extracted from this product by boiling water, and KFe???? Ti₃O?? by hot 0.5M-H₂SO₄. Through this reaction Ti??⁴ was extracted and TiO₂ was produced from the remaining raffinate. The reaction temperature and time were changed to find the optimum point. It was observed that the optimum time and temperature for the formation and the reaction were 45 minutes and 1050℃ respectively. Also unreacted potassium borates which were extracted by water and solidified after evaporation can be used as a solvent again. The recovery factor of the rutile was 78.2%.